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一.產品介紹

宕昌(chang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優良，馳名(ming)中(zhong)外，銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)歷史悠(you)久。早在(zai)(zai)(zai)清光緒三(san)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元l874年(nian)(nian))外銷(xiao)(xiao)300余擔，民國(guo)32年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元1943年(nian)(nian))總(zong)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)l8萬斤。區(qu)域內(nei)歷代(dai)有種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統，特別(bie)是黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)自1965逐漸變家(jia)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以來，當(dang)地(di)群眾一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)要經(jing)濟作(zuo)物。80年(nian)(nian)代(dai)開始(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達(da)到4000畝以上(shang)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)50萬公(gong)斤。同時(shi)銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)增(zeng)，一(yi)度(du)遠銷(xiao)(xiao)東南亞。1984年(nian)(nian)獲外經(jing)部《出(chu)(chu)口商品(pin)(pin)(pin)榮(rong)譽證書(shu)》，年(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)口20—30萬斤，創外匯30萬美元。隨(sui)著產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)大(da)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)模式也得到了(le)很(hen)大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，1991年(nian)(nian)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)好梯(ti)(ti)農(nong)民土專家(jia)彭吳善創試下，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)剪(jian)莖促(cu)根技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)從此誕生(sheng)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)人員和藥(yao)(yao)農(nong)根據(ju)多(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)培(pei)經(jing)驗，總(zong)結出(chu)(chu)了(le)剪(jian)莖促(cu)根栽(zai)培(pei)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)要點，并規(gui)(gui)范了(le)該項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)(黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)剪(jian)莖技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu))。從整地(di)、密(mi)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、田(tian)間管理、初加(jia)工(gong)及控(kong)制(zhi)污染等(deng)各個環節都做到科學(xue)(xue)管理，由于措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)得當(dang)，使(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)綜合水(shui)平不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)病蟲害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)生(sheng)，保(bao)障了(le)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。1992年(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)好梯(ti)(ti)一(yi)帶較(jiao)大(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)模逐漸形(xing)成(cheng)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達(da)到3.1萬畝，總(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)0.93萬噸(dun)，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)2790萬元。隨(sui)著規(gui)(gui)模擴(kuo)大(da)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，加(jia)上(shang)當(dang)時(shi)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場因素影響，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)價格逐步(bu)(bu)提(ti)升，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)迎(ying)來大(da)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，l997年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達(da)到4.5萬畝，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)1.6萬噸(dun)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)9600萬元。這一(yi)時(shi)期黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)專業市(shi)(shi)(shi)場在(zai)(zai)(zai)民間已經(jing)形(xing)成(cheng)，宕昌(chang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)開始(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，外地(di)客商不再轉場，直(zhi)(zhi)接到產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)收(shou)購。 經(jing)過多(duo)年(nian)(nian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)和規(gui)(gui)模不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)來，縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)制(zhi)定出(chu)(chu)臺了(le)多(duo)項發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，提(ti)出(chu)(chu)了(le)“南果(guo)蔬、北藥(yao)(yao)牧”的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方向(xiang)。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)政(zheng)府(fu)把(ba)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)作(zuo)為(wei)增(zeng)加(jia)農(nong)民收(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)導(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業進行科學(xue)(xue)規(gui)(gui)劃、大(da)力(li)宣傳(chuan)、周密(mi)部署(shu)。宕昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)開發(fa)服務中(zhong)心作(zuo)了(le)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)細(xi)致的(de)(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)指導(dao)，通過辦示(shi)范點、選(xuan)育引進新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、普及黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)剪(jian)莖技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)進一(yi)步(bu)(bu)改進種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、推行無公(gong)害(hai)標準化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和配方施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥，從種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料(liao)到生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)各個環節嚴密(mi)把(ba)關，確保(bao)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，使(shi)中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)材(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得到空前(qian)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)宕昌(chang)25個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮有21鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積達(da)5.5萬畝，年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)4萬噸(dun)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達(da)1.6億元，占產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)農(nong)民經(jing)濟收(shou)入的(de)(de)(de)61％。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場引導(dao)、政(zheng)府(fu)鼓勵和技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)保(bao)證下，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)表現(xian)出(chu)(chu)群眾積極性高(gao)(gao)(gao)、面(mian)(mian)(mian)積大(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)質好，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)科學(xue)(xue)化(hua)、標準化(hua)等(deng)特點，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)體長均勻(yun)、皮薄(bo)、有柔韌(ren)性，氣味芳香、嚼之無渣、味甘甜，藥(yao)(yao)用成(cheng)分含量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)市(shi)(shi)(shi)場上(shang)享有盛譽。

二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和(he)人文歷史因素

1、土壤(rang)地貌情況：地域內土壤(rang)主要(yao)為(wei)紅褐土、黃綿土、黑壤(rang)土，土質(zhi)以壤(rang)土或沙(sha)壤(rang)土為(wei)主，質(zhi)地疏松、透氣保水(shui)力(li)強。富含(han)鉀(jia)、鈣(gai)、磷、鎂、鋅等多(duo)種(zhong)元素，有(you)機質(zhi)含(han)量在1.2%以上，PH值為(wei)7.2—8.0，土壤(rang)中沒有(you)任何農(nong)藥殘留超標的重金(jin)屬(shu)離子，極適宜(yi)黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)的生(sheng)(sheng)長發育。種(zhong)植(zhi)的黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)皮薄肉厚、有(you)韌性、氣味芳香、味甘甜、嚼無(wu)渣(zha)、有(you)效成分含(han)量高(gao)，品(pin)質(zhi)優良(liang)，深受(shou)藥界好評。上游(you)支(zhi)流為(wei)主要(yao)河流。區域內年降水(shui)600—750mm，足夠黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)長需水(shui)，加之(zhi)黨(dang)參(can)(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)長忌淹水(shui)，無(wu)需灌(guan)溉。

2、氣候情況(kuang)：宕昌黨參種(zhong)植區域無霜期(qi)160天，年太陽總(zong)(zong)(zong)輻射量127.2—132.3千(qian)卡(ka)/厘米22，生長季總(zong)(zong)(zong)輻射77.6—80.4千(qian)卡(ka)/厘米2，達(da)年總(zong)(zong)(zong)輻射的60%以上，日(ri)照(zhao)總(zong)(zong)(zong)時數(shu)2260—2370小時，年均(jun)氣溫6.5℃。在黨參塊(kuai)根膨大期(qi)，光照(zhao)充足，溫差(cha)大，完全滿足黨參塊(kuai)根形成期(qi)對溫度和光照(zhao)的需求(qiu)。

三.地域范圍

宕昌黨(dang)參(can)種(zhong)植區域(yu)(yu)主要位于宕昌縣(xian)(xian)東部的西漢水上游的好(hao)梯河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)、良(liang)恭河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)以(yi)及(ji)良(liang)恭河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)與白龍江流(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)相接(jie)(jie)的高寒陰濕地(di)帶，東經104°36′—104°47′，北(bei)緯33°55′—34°02′，海拔(ba)1800—2400m，地(di)形(xing)由東向西逐步走(zou)高，東臨禮縣(xian)(xian)沙金鄉(xiang)，南接(jie)(jie)武都區，西接(jie)(jie)臨江鄉(xiang)毛(mao)羽山村(cun)，北(bei)至(zhi)興(xing)化(hua)鄉(xiang)磑子(zi)壩村(cun)。區域(yu)(yu)內有好(hao)梯、韓院、南陽(yang)、興(xing)化(hua)、竹院、獅子(zi)、新寨、官(guan)亭(ting)、兩河(he)(he)(he)口9鄉(xiang)鎮的109個行政村(cun)，區域(yu)(yu)面(mian)積(ji)1225.2平(ping)方公里，種(zhong)植黨(dang)參(can)面(mian)積(ji)5.6萬(wan)畝，年產黨(dang)參(can)4.2萬(wan)噸。

四.產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征

1、外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特征(zheng)主根形狀多呈長圓柱(zhu)形，近(jin)梢漸細，頂端有(you)一膨(peng)大(da)(da)的根頭(tou)，有(you)多數疣狀突起的莖(jing)痕，俗稱(cheng)“獅子頭(tou)”；根粗(cu)壯而分枝少，上(shang)部光滑或近(jin)光滑；主根肥大(da)(da)、肉質，鮮條(tiao)白(bai)色(se)(se)，尾端斷裂處有(you)黑色(se)(se)膠(jiao)狀物質，干后外(wai)皮呈米黃色(se)(se)，頭(tou)莖(jing)至分叉(cha)有(you)環(huan)形橫紋(wen)，側根呈縱(zong)紋(wen)，斷面髓部米黃色(se)(se)，質地緊密嚼之(zhi)甘甜(tian)無渣。味甘，具特異(yi)香(xiang)味。藥用價值(zhi)高。

2、內在品質指標宕昌黨參(can)微量(liang)元素含量(liang)豐(feng)富(fu)，鋅≥20mg/kg、鐵(tie)≥400mg/kg、鈣≥2mg/kg、錳(meng)≥15mg/kg、磷≥2.5mg/kg，鎂≥1.5 mg/kg。

3、安全要求(qiu)宕(dang)昌黨參(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產嚴(yan)格按(an)照《NY5318-2006 無公害(hai)食品(pin)參(can)類(lei)》要求(qiu)執(zhi)(zhi)行，生(sheng)(sheng)產應按(an)照《隴南市(shi)宕(dang)昌黨參(can)標準化生(sheng)(sheng)產技術規(gui)程》合(he)理(li)使用(yong)農(nong)業投入(ru)品(pin)和田間投入(ru)物，嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)使用(yong)國家明令禁(jin)(jin)止使用(yong)的高劇毒農(nong)藥，嚴(yan)禁(jin)(jin)使用(yong)植(zhi)物生(sheng)(sheng)長激素，嚴(yan)格執(zhi)(zhi)行農(nong)藥安全間隔期(qi)，經農(nong)藥殘(can)毒檢(jian)查合(he)格后方可(ke)上(shang)市(shi)銷售。