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一.產品介紹

宕(dang)昌(chang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)品(pin)質優良，馳名(ming)中外(wai)(wai)，銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)歷(li)史悠久。早在(zai)清(qing)光緒(xu)三十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)l874年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)300余擔，民國(guo)32年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))總(zong)(zong)銷(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)量(liang)(liang)l8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)斤(jin)。區域內(nei)歷(li)代有(you)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)傳統，特別是(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)自1965逐漸(jian)(jian)變(bian)家種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)來(lai)，當(dang)地群眾一直(zhi)把黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)作(zuo)為(wei)主(zhu)要經濟(ji)作(zuo)物。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代開始在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)4000畝(mu)以(yi)上，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)50萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤(jin)。同(tong)時銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)增，一度遠(yuan)銷(xiao)(xiao)東(dong)南(nan)亞。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)獲(huo)外(wai)(wai)經部《出(chu)口商品(pin)榮譽(yu)證(zheng)書》，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)口20—30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)斤(jin)，創外(wai)(wai)匯(hui)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)。隨(sui)著產(chan)(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)(xiao)量(liang)(liang)增大(da)(da)(da)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)及種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)模式(shi)也(ye)得到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)很大(da)(da)(da)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，在(zai)好(hao)梯(ti)農(nong)民土(tu)專家彭吳善創試下(xia)(xia)，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)促根技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)從此誕生(sheng)(sheng)，在(zai)專業技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)人員(yuan)和(he)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)農(nong)根據多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栽培經驗，總(zong)(zong)結出(chu)了(le)(le)剪莖(jing)促根栽培技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)要點(dian)，并(bing)規(gui)范了(le)(le)該(gai)項技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu))。從整地、密植(zhi)、田間(jian)管理(li)、初加工及控(kong)制(zhi)污染等各個(ge)環(huan)節都做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)科學管理(li)，由(you)于措施(shi)得當(dang)，使(shi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)綜合水平不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，控(kong)制(zhi)了(le)(le)病蟲害的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)，保障了(le)(le)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)質量(liang)(liang)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)好(hao)梯(ti)一帶較大(da)(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規(gui)模逐漸(jian)(jian)形成，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)3.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，總(zong)(zong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)0.93萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)2790萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。隨(sui)著規(gui)模擴大(da)(da)(da)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)(bu)提(ti)高(gao)，加上當(dang)時市(shi)場(chang)(chang)因素(su)影響，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)價格逐步(bu)(bu)提(ti)升，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)迎來(lai)大(da)(da)(da)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，l997年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)4.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)1.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)9600萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。這(zhe)一時期黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)專業市(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)民間(jian)已經形成，宕(dang)昌(chang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)開始品(pin)牌化(hua)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，外(wai)(wai)地客商不再(zai)轉場(chang)(chang)，直(zhi)接到(dao)(dao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地收(shou)購。 經過多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)規(gui)模不斷(duan)提(ti)高(gao)，近(jin)幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai)，縣委(wei)縣政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)制(zhi)定出(chu)臺了(le)(le)多項發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策措施(shi)，提(ti)出(chu)了(le)(le)“南(nan)果(guo)蔬(shu)、北藥(yao)(yao)(yao)牧”的(de)(de)經濟(ji)發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向。產(chan)(chan)(chan)區鄉(xiang)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)委(wei)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)把黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)作(zuo)為(wei)增加農(nong)民收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)主(zhu)導產(chan)(chan)(chan)業進(jin)(jin)行科學規(gui)劃(hua)、大(da)(da)(da)力宣傳、周密部署(shu)。宕(dang)昌(chang)縣中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)開發服務中心作(zuo)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)細(xi)致的(de)(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)指導，通過辦示范點(dian)、選育引(yin)進(jin)(jin)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、普及黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)剪莖(jing)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)(bu)改進(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)、推(tui)行無(wu)公(gong)害標準化(hua)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)和(he)配方(fang)施(shi)肥，從種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)材(cai)(cai)料到(dao)(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)各個(ge)環(huan)節嚴密把關，確保藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)和(he)質量(liang)(liang)，使(shi)中藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)得到(dao)(dao)空前發展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。現在(zai)宕(dang)昌(chang)25個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)有(you)21鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)5.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值(zhi)(zhi)達(da)(da)1.6億(yi)元(yuan)，占產(chan)(chan)(chan)區農(nong)民經濟(ji)收(shou)入(ru)的(de)(de)61％。 在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)引(yin)導、政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)鼓勵和(he)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)保證(zheng)下(xia)(xia)，黨(dang)(dang)(dang)(dang)參(can)(can)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)表現出(chu)群眾積(ji)(ji)極性高(gao)、面積(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)、品(pin)質好(hao)，種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)科學化(hua)、標準化(hua)等特點(dian)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)體長(chang)均(jun)勻(yun)、皮(pi)薄(bo)、有(you)柔韌性，氣味芳香、嚼之無(wu)渣、味甘甜(tian)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用成分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)，在(zai)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)上享有(you)盛譽(yu)。

二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情(qing)況：地域(yu)內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)主要(yao)為(wei)(wei)紅褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黃(huang)綿土(tu)(tu)(tu)、黑(hei)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)，土(tu)(tu)(tu)質以(yi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)或沙壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)(wei)主，質地疏松、透氣(qi)保水(shui)力強。富含(han)鉀、鈣、磷(lin)、鎂(mei)、鋅(xin)等多種元素，有(you)機質含(han)量在1.2%以(yi)上，PH值為(wei)(wei)7.2—8.0，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中沒有(you)任何農藥殘留超(chao)標的重(zhong)金屬(shu)離子(zi)，極(ji)適宜黨(dang)參(can)的生長(chang)發(fa)育。種植的黨(dang)參(can)皮(pi)薄肉厚、有(you)韌性、氣(qi)味芳香、味甘甜、嚼(jiao)無渣(zha)、有(you)效成分含(han)量高，品質優良，深(shen)受藥界好評。上游支流為(wei)(wei)主要(yao)河(he)流。區域(yu)內年降水(shui)600—750mm，足夠黨(dang)參(can)生長(chang)需(xu)水(shui)，加之黨(dang)參(can)生長(chang)忌(ji)淹水(shui)，無需(xu)灌溉。

2、氣候情(qing)況：宕昌黨參(can)種植區域(yu)無霜期160天，年太(tai)陽(yang)總輻射(she)量127.2—132.3千卡(ka)(ka)/厘米(mi)(mi)22，生長季(ji)總輻射(she)77.6—80.4千卡(ka)(ka)/厘米(mi)(mi)2，達年總輻射(she)的(de)60%以上，日(ri)照總時數2260—2370小(xiao)時，年均氣溫(wen)6.5℃。在黨參(can)塊根(gen)膨大(da)期，光(guang)照充足，溫(wen)差(cha)大(da)，完全滿足黨參(can)塊根(gen)形(xing)成期對溫(wen)度(du)和光(guang)照的(de)需(xu)求。

三.地域范圍

宕昌黨參種植區域主要位于宕昌縣東(dong)(dong)部的(de)(de)西(xi)漢(han)水上游(you)的(de)(de)好(hao)梯河流(liu)(liu)域、良恭河流(liu)(liu)域以及良恭河流(liu)(liu)域與白龍江流(liu)(liu)域相接(jie)的(de)(de)高寒陰(yin)濕(shi)地帶(dai)，東(dong)(dong)經104°36′—104°47′，北(bei)緯33°55′—34°02′，海(hai)拔1800—2400m，地形由東(dong)(dong)向西(xi)逐步走高，東(dong)(dong)臨禮縣沙(sha)金鄉(xiang)，南接(jie)武都區，西(xi)接(jie)臨江鄉(xiang)毛羽山村(cun)，北(bei)至(zhi)興化鄉(xiang)磑子壩村(cun)。區域內有好(hao)梯、韓院(yuan)、南陽(yang)、興化、竹院(yuan)、獅(shi)子、新寨、官亭、兩河口(kou)9鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)109個行(xing)政村(cun)，區域面(mian)積1225.2平方公里(li)，種植黨參面(mian)積5.6萬畝(mu)，年產黨參4.2萬噸。

四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征

1、外(wai)在感官特(te)征主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)形(xing)狀多呈長圓柱形(xing)，近梢漸細，頂端(duan)有一膨(peng)大(da)的(de)根(gen)(gen)頭，有多數(shu)疣狀突(tu)起的(de)莖(jing)痕(hen)，俗稱“獅子頭”；根(gen)(gen)粗壯而分枝少，上部(bu)(bu)光滑或近光滑；主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)肥(fei)大(da)、肉質，鮮(xian)條白色(se)，尾(wei)端(duan)斷(duan)裂處(chu)有黑(hei)色(se)膠狀物質，干后(hou)外(wai)皮呈米黃(huang)色(se)，頭莖(jing)至分叉有環形(xing)橫(heng)紋(wen)，側根(gen)(gen)呈縱(zong)紋(wen)，斷(duan)面髓部(bu)(bu)米黃(huang)色(se)，質地緊(jin)密嚼之(zhi)甘(gan)甜無渣(zha)。味甘(gan)，具(ju)特(te)異香味。藥用價值高。

2、內在品(pin)質指(zhi)標宕昌黨參微(wei)量元素(su)含量豐(feng)富，鋅≥20mg/kg、鐵≥400mg/kg、鈣≥2mg/kg、錳≥15mg/kg、磷≥2.5mg/kg，鎂≥1.5 mg/kg。

3、安(an)(an)全要求宕昌黨參(can)生(sheng)產嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)《NY5318-2006 無公害食(shi)品參(can)類(lei)》要求執(zhi)行(xing)，生(sheng)產應按照(zhao)《隴南市(shi)宕昌黨參(can)標準化(hua)生(sheng)產技術規程(cheng)》合理使用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)投入品和田間投入物，嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)國家(jia)明令禁止使用(yong)(yong)的高劇毒農(nong)(nong)藥，嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)(yong)植物生(sheng)長激(ji)素，嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)執(zhi)行(xing)農(nong)(nong)藥安(an)(an)全間隔期(qi)，經(jing)農(nong)(nong)藥殘毒檢查(cha)合格(ge)(ge)后方(fang)可上市(shi)銷(xiao)售。