云(yun)南(nan)(nan)省昆(kun)明(ming)市西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)團結街道辦事處谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)昆(kun)明(ming)市森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)是(shi)云(yun)南(nan)(nan)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)分布(bu)的(de)(de)主要區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)域之一,境內自古以來(lai)盛產(chan)(chan)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)一直是(shi)谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)各(ge)族(zu)(zu)人民(min)世世代代使(shi)用的(de)(de)食物(wu)調味品,栽培(pei)(pei)歷(li)史悠(you)久,其(qi)栽培(pei)(pei)和(he)(he)種植情況在(zai)《西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)志(zhi)(zhi)》第(di)六編(bian)林(lin)(lin)業[經濟(ji)林(lin)(lin)]記載:建(jian)國前(qian)(qian),民(min)間(jian)引種花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)經濟(ji)作(zuo)物(wu);《谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)白(bai)族(zu)(zu)鄉志(zhi)(zhi)》和(he)(he)《西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)林(lin)(lin)業志(zhi)(zhi)》(1996版)都(dou)有(you)(you)記載。谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)麻中(zhong)帶香(xiang),花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)葉餅清香(xiang)四溢,是(shi)昆(kun)明(ming)人的(de)(de)傳統(tong)美食,彝(yi)族(zu)(zu)婦女“賣花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)葉”的(de)(de)叫(jiao)賣聲(sheng)已(yi)在(zai)昆(kun)明(ming)街頭吆喝百年有(you)(you)余;老百姓民(min)間(jian)流傳著這么一句話,叫(jiao)做“祥云(yun)辣子彌渡蒜,谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)龍潭醬”。 谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)采摘于高(gao)(gao)寒山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),無(wu)污染、粒(li)大、飽滿、含油(you)量(liang)高(gao)(gao),精練出的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)深受消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)青睞。目前(qian)(qian),谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)種植面積(ji)1506公頃,年產(chan)(chan)量(liang)1200噸。谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)連續(xu)幾屆昆(kun)明(ming)國際農業博覽會(hui)和(he)(he)中(zhong)華全(quan)國總(zong)社在(zai)河南(nan)(nan)鄭州召開的(de)(de)“千(qian)社千(qian)品、富農工程(cheng)”展銷會(hui)上參展,深受顧(gu)客(ke)好評,主要產(chan)(chan)品谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)干花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)谷律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)油(you)已(yi)成為西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)乃(nai)至昆(kun)明(ming)市較有(you)(you)知名度的(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)品品牌,云(yun)南(nan)(nan)科技(ji)報和(he)(he)中(zhong)華合作(zuo)時(shi)報均有(you)(you)報道。花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)產(chan)(chan)業將(jiang)逐步(bu)成為西山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)貧困山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)經濟(ji)發展的(de)(de)一個新的(de)(de)亮點和(he)(he)繼烤(kao)煙(yan)之后的(de)(de)又(you)一支柱產(chan)(chan)業。
團結街(jie)道(dao)谷(gu)(gu)律地(di)(di)區平均(jun)海(hai)拔2195米,適于花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒生長,谷(gu)(gu)律花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒種植(zhi)有200年(nian)(nian)歷(li)史,具(ju)有粒大、麻(ma)香味濃(nong)、無污染的(de)特點。過去(qu),谷(gu)(gu)律當地(di)(di)農(nong)戶(hu)種植(zhi)的(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒規模(mo)小、產量(liang)低。朵畝(mu)社區半天臼(jiu)村(cun)(cun)村(cun)(cun)民(min)楊金蓮家就是這種情(qing)況,花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒樹(shu)不多,只供(gong)自家食用。2005年(nian)(nian),西山區成立(li)了以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒種植(zhi)、生產、加工(gong)和銷售為一(yi)體的(de)谷(gu)(gu)律花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒專(zhuan)業(ye)合作社,之后的(de)情(qing)況就大不一(yi)樣了,“公司+農(nong)戶(hu)+專(zhuan)業(ye)合作社”的(de)運作模(mo)式,徹底解決了村(cun)(cun)民(min)的(de)銷售問題(ti)。
如(ru)今,谷(gu)律花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)種植(zhi)戶已近(jin)2000戶,種植(zhi)面積達(da)(da)8000畝,最多的(de)每戶種植(zhi)30余畝,平均每畝純收(shou)入(ru)近(jin)1000元。僅今年(nian),西山區谷(gu)律花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)專業合作社收(shou)購的(de)新鮮花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)就達(da)(da)30噸左右,經過深加工的(de)花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)油達(da)(da)15噸,谷(gu)律花(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)品牌產(chan)品禮品盒2000余件,產(chan)值增長近(jin)4倍(bei)。產(chan)品除(chu)了滿足云(yun)南(nan)市場外,還銷往貴州、四川(chuan)、重慶等地。
由于獨特的(de)(de)氣(qi)候和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing),西山區(qu)(qu)團結辦事處谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)農民(min)有種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)傳統(tong),再加上(shang)這(zhe)里出(chu)產(chan)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)具有粒(li)大、麻香味(wei)濃、無(wu)污染的(de)(de)特點,谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)因(yin)此而得名,已小有名氣(qi)。但長期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)由于種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)規模小,產(chan)量(liang)低(di)。自從2005年(nian)西山區(qu)(qu)成立(li)了以(yi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、加工(gong)和(he)銷售為一體的(de)(de)谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)專業合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社以(yi)來(lai),采用“公司+農戶(hu)+專業合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社”的(de)(de)運作(zuo)(zuo)模式,種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)逐年(nian)擴(kuo)大。目前(qian),谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)已近2000戶(hu),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達(da)(da)8000畝,最多的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)戶(hu)達(da)(da)30畝,平均每(mei)畝純(chun)收入(ru)近1000元,今年(nian)僅(jin)西山區(qu)(qu)谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)專業合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)社收購的(de)(de)新鮮花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)就(jiu)達(da)(da)近30噸,經(jing)過深(shen)加工(gong)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)油達(da)(da)15噸,谷(gu)律(lv)(lv)花(hua)(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)品(pin)(pin)牌產(chan)品(pin)(pin)禮(li)品(pin)(pin)盒就(jiu)有2000余件,產(chan)值翻了近4倍,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)除(chu)了滿足(zu)云南(nan)市場外,還遠(yuan)銷貴(gui)州、四川、重慶等地,產(chan)品(pin)(pin)供不應(ying)求。
據谷(gu)律(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)專業合作社理事(shi)長金平(ping)友介紹,為了保護“谷(gu)律(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)”這(zhe)一品牌,西山區(qu)已經申請了國家農產品地理標志,年計劃種植面積將達1506公頃,真正把(ba)谷(gu)律(lv)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)做成(cheng)山區(qu)農民增收致(zhi)富的(de)知名品牌。
地域范圍
谷(gu)律花椒主產(chan)區位(wei)于云南(nan)省昆明市西(xi)山區團結街道辦事(shi)處,地(di)處滇中(zhong)(zhong)高原中(zhong)(zhong)部昆明斷陷湖盆盆地(di)西(xi)北部。地(di)理位(wei)置位(wei)于東經102°25′28″—102°36′45″,北緯(wei)24°59′36″—25°10′24″,東西(xi)最(zui)大橫距22千(qian)(qian)米(mi),南(nan)北最(zui)大縱距23千(qian)(qian)米(mi)。谷(gu)律花椒生(sheng)產(chan)地(di)域(yu)范圍包括朵畝、妥排(pai)、谷(gu)律、律則、樂畝、蔡家、妥吉(ji)、大興、下沖、永靖、雨(yu)花、和平、棋臺、白(bai)眉(mei)、龍潭共十(shi)五個居委會,種植(zhi)面(mian)積1506公頃,年總產(chan)量1200噸。
產(chan)品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征(zheng)
(1)外在(zai)感官特征(zheng):谷律花椒樹(shu)(shu)為(wei)落葉小(xiao)(xiao)喬木或(huo)灌木,樹(shu)(shu)高3米左右,樹(shu)(shu)形(xing)開心形(xing)為(wei)主(zhu),樹(shu)(shu)干帶刺,葉片小(xiao)(xiao),鋸齒明顯。谷律花椒具有(you)粒大、色(se)澤艷紅(hong)、味濃(nong)、有(you)光澤,油腺密而突出,肉厚、脛部有(you)“雙耳”,清香味濃(nong),有(you)麻(ma)味。干果呈(cheng)紫紅(hong)色(se),果粒大小(xiao)(xiao)均(jun)勻,睜眼(yan),麻(ma)香味濃(nong)烈、悠長等(deng)特點。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指標:谷律花椒是一種人們生活中(zhong)(zhong)必備的香辛(xin)料調味(wei)品,含豐富營養物質(zhi)。其中(zhong)(zhong)含蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥6.5%,揮(hui)發油≥2.0%,酰胺類物質(zhi)總(zong)量≥7.5mg/g。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求:谷(gu)律花椒嚴格(ge)執行《無公(gong)害食品(pin)香辛(xin)料》NY/5323-2006標準(zhun)。