一.產品介紹
山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在西(xi)秀區(qu)(qu)種植已有(you)(you)300余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史,據(ju)咸豐(feng)元年(nian)(nian)再(zai)版撰寫的(de)(de)(de)《安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志》已將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作為安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)物產(chan)(chan)記(ji)入府志“安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)有(you)(you)黑白(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)種—(卷(juan)之(zhi)十七(qi)·物產(chan)(chan)二(er)(er)(er))”;據(ju)1983年(nian)(nian)整理后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)《續修(xiu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志·安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)志》238頁記(ji)載“薯蕷,俗名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用稱(cheng)淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),長(chang)者至尺余,有(you)(you)黑、白(bai)(bai)二(er)(er)(er)種,白(bai)(bai)者居多(duo)。富營養,宜熟食(shi),生(sheng)(sheng)則麻(ma)口”;據(ju)《安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志》第二(er)(er)(er)卷(juan)之(zhi)六(liu)疆里(li)十六(liu)、十七(qi)記(ji)載,劉官(guan)(guan)屯(tun)老邦寨(zhai)已屬安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府轄制區(qu)(qu)域(yu)。 安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)由來(lai),300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)前劉官(guan)(guan)一帶的(de)(de)(de)屯(tun)堡人都有(you)(you)逢年(nian)(nian)過節上山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來(lai)炸吃的(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan),野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)很受當地人的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛,有(you)(you)人把多(duo)挖的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿到集市上出(chu)售(shou)。但野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根莖小,且數量少(shao),過年(nian)(nian)趕集時(shi)供(gong)不應(ying)求,這時(shi)住(zhu)在劉官(guan)(guan)境內老邦寨(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)黃茂(mao)賢(xian)就把挖來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)試種在自家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)地里(li),第二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)挖出(chu)來(lai)果然(ran)比野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大,就這樣年(nian)(nian)復一年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)馴(xun)化、提純扶壯,形成了當地的(de)(de)(de)地方品種,后(hou)(hou)繼(ji)在老邦寨(zhai)擴(kuo)大種植面積,馴(xun)化后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)品銷售(shou)在當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)州(今舊州鎮(zhen))、大水橋(qiao)(今大西(xi)橋(qiao)鎮(zhen))、平壩縣(xian)等地,深受人們的(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)歡。其(qi)薯塊(kuai)呈圓柱(zhu)形,其(qi)地下塊(kuai)莖可長(chang)達100cm左右,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)皮(pi)(pi)薄,外表淡褐色(se),密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)細須(xu),根皮(pi)(pi)黃白(bai)(bai)色(se),肉白(bai)(bai)色(se),有(you)(you)粘液,削(xue)皮(pi)(pi)后(hou)(hou)肉質(zhi)白(bai)(bai)色(se),且久置不會變黃,久煮不散,肉質(zhi)松軟細膩,味稍甜,容易做(zuo)成山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)泥、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)粉等。安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一般每公頃產(chan)(chan)量在27-33噸(dun),劉官(guan)(guan)白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)已成了安(an)(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)具有(you)(you)特色(se)的(de)(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)品。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素(su)
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況:西(xi)秀區(qu)屬(shu)貴州西(xi)部高原山地(di)區(qu)黔中丘陵(ling)盆地(di),其中:山地(di)面(mian)(mian)積822.1平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)47.8%;丘陵(ling)面(mian)(mian)積728.3平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)42.3%;盆地(di)面(mian)(mian)積125.7平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)7.3%;水域面(mian)(mian)積44.3平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里,占(zhan)全(quan)區(qu)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積的(de)2.6%。境(jing)內土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型多樣,有山地(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)等7個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),27個(ge)(ge)亞類(lei),87個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu),142個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。pH值為6-7,屬(shu)弱酸性土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang);耕地(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質含量(liang)(liang)(liang)普遍較(jiao)高,全(quan)鉀(jia)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)高、全(quan)磷含量(liang)(liang)(liang)低、水稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)全(quan)氮含量(liang)(liang)(liang)低,總(zong)體(ti)上土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)深厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質疏松(song)肥沃(wo),保(bao)肥能(neng)力較(jiao)強。
(2)水(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)東北部(bu)(bu)有烏(wu)江(jiang)上源(yuan)三岔河(he)(he)(he),貓(mao)跳河(he)(he)(he)上源(yuan)邢江(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)較大(da);南(nan)部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)珠(zhu)(zhu)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)油菜(cai)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)程短,水(shui)(shui)量少;南(nan)部(bu)(bu)和中部(bu)(bu)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)伏流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)(he)段(duan)較多(duo),西南(nan)部(bu)(bu)撈兜(dou)河(he)(he)(he)、補董河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)屯(tun)河(he)(he)(he)明暗流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相間,可用水(shui)(shui)能不大(da)。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)巖溶(rong)發(fa)育,地(di)(di)表(biao)水(shui)(shui)和地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)均有分布,分布于(yu)東北部(bu)(bu)和偏東南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)切(qie)割淺,河(he)(he)(he)床開闊,耕地(di)(di)多(duo)為集中連片,且多(duo)有溪(xi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)橫貫其間。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)主要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9條(tiao),支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)28條(tiao),小溪(xi)133條(tiao),大(da)于(yu)20平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)27條(tiao),主要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)長(chang)度大(da)于(yu)10公(gong)里(li)的(de)有9條(tiao)。屬(shu)長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積739.06平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),屬(shu)珠(zhu)(zhu)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積1021.69平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。長(chang)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)主要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有邢江(jiang)河(he)(he)(he)、千峰(feng)河(he)(he)(he)、果者河(he)(he)(he)、驛馬(ma)寨河(he)(he)(he)。珠(zhu)(zhu)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系的(de)主要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)有油菜(cai)河(he)(he)(he)、大(da)屯(tun)河(he)(he)(he)、羅補董河(he)(he)(he)、撈兜(dou)河(he)(he)(he)、桂家河(he)(he)(he)。境(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)豐富,水(shui)(shui)質狀況(kuang)良好(hao),有利于(yu)作(zuo)物的(de)生長(chang)。
(3)氣候(hou)情況:西秀(xiu)區(qu)(qu)屬北(bei)亞(ya)熱帶季風濕潤氣候(hou)區(qu)(qu),平(ping)均氣溫在(zai)13.2-15.0℃,區(qu)(qu)境降雨量充沛,多年(nian)平(ping)均降水量1250—1400mm,最多年(nian)1879.6mm,最少年(nian)為947.6mm,平(ping)均1365mm。年(nian)降雨日數195天(tian),無(wu)霜期平(ping)均在(zai)270天(tian),年(nian)日照數968.6-1309.6小時(shi),立體氣候(hou)明顯。太(tai)陽輻射總量為75.7至88.5千卡/平(ping)方厘米(mi),屬全(quan)國太(tai)陽輻射低值區(qu)(qu)。
(4)人(ren)(ren)文歷(li)史(shi)情(qing)況:在(zai)(zai)世界上,食(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)(shu)蕷類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物可分四個(ge)起源中(zhong)心(xin),其中(zhong)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)起源中(zhong)心(xin)是中(zhong)國南(nan)部,包(bao)(bao)括廣東、海南(nan)、云南(nan)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)和臺灣(wan)省(sheng),可稱中(zhong)國是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)。中(zhong)國關于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載已有(you)(you)(you)2500多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi),《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)》(公(gong)元前770年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)公(gong)元前756年(nian)(nian))曾記(ji)載“累門北望(wang)少澤,其草多(duo)(duo)(duo)薯(shu)(shu)蕷”。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是薯(shu)(shu)蕷科植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物,原名薯(shu)(shu)蕷,因(yin)唐代(dai)(dai)(dai)宗(zong)(zong)名預,故避諱(hui)改(gai)名為薯(shu)(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),后(hou)又因(yin)宋英宗(zong)(zong)諱(hui)薯(shu)(shu),遂(sui)改(gai)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。《神農(nong)(nong)本草經(jing)》上說:“久(jiu)(jiu)服耳(er)目聰明”,被列入上品(pin),金代(dai)(dai)(dai)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性論(lun)》上說:“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)能補(bu)五勞七傷,去涼(liang)氣(qi),止腰疼,鎮(zhen)心(xin)神,補(bu)心(xin)氣(qi)不(bu)足,患者(zhe)體虛贏瘦加而(er)用之(zhi)。”《日華子本草》上說,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“助五臟、強筋(jin)骨、長(chang)志(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)神、主(zhu)泄精、健(jian)忘。”山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不(bu)僅能扶(fu)正(zheng)滋補(bu),而(er)且還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)健(jian)美之(zhi)功(gong),元代(dai)(dai)(dai)脾胃(wei)論(lun)專家(jia)(jia)李景說:“治(zhi)皮(pi)(pi)膚干燥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)此物潤之(zhi)。”《圖(tu)經(jing)本草》記(ji)載較(jiao)詳:“今處處有(you)(you)(you)之(zhi),春(chun)生(sheng)苗(miao),莖紫葉青,有(you)(you)(you)三尖(jian)角,似(si)牽牛更厚而(er)光澤,夏開細白(bai)花,大(da)(da)類棗花,秋生(sheng)實于葉間,狀如鈴,二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)、八月(yue)(yue)采根(gen)(gen)。” 我國食(shi)用山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai),可以(yi)(yi)(yi)追溯(su)到(dao)公(gong)元前2000多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian),從敦(dun)煌(huang)莫高窟發掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)料中(zhong),就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)“神仙粥”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載:“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)1斤,蒸熟(shu)后(hou)去皮(pi)(pi);雞頭半斤,煮熟(shu)后(hou)去殼搗為米,入粳米半斤,慢(man)火煮成(cheng)(cheng)粥,空心(xin)食(shi)之(zhi)。”為此,從古至(zhi) 今,人(ren)(ren)們(men)都是有(you)(you)(you)病時(shi)(shi)吃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),無病時(shi)(shi)也吃山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。是人(ren)(ren)們(men)食(shi)用歷(li)史(shi)悠(you)久(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兼用作物。 貴州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)作為第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)起源中(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)西秀區種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已有(you)(you)(you)300余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培歷(li)史(shi),據咸豐(feng)元年(nian)(nian)(1851年(nian)(nian))再版撰寫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)》已將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作為安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)物產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)入府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)黑白(bai)二(er)(er)種(zhong)——(卷之(zhi)十(shi)七·物產(chan)(chan)(chan)二(er)(er))記(ji)載;據1983年(nian)(nian)整理后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《續(xu)修安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)·安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)志(zhi)(zhi)》238頁記(ji)載“薯(shu)(shu)蕷,俗名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao),藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用稱淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),長(chang)者(zhe)至(zhi)尺余,有(you)(you)(you)黑、白(bai)二(er)(er)種(zhong),白(bai)者(zhe)居多(duo)(duo)(duo)。富(fu)營養,宜熟(shu)食(shi),生(sheng)則麻口”;據《安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)》第二(er)(er)卷之(zhi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)疆里(li)十(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)、十(shi)七記(ji)載,劉(liu)(liu)官屯老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)已屬(shu)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府(fu)(fu)轄制(zhi)區域。 “安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai),300多(duo)(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)前劉(liu)(liu)官一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屯堡(bao)人(ren)(ren)(屯堡(bao)人(ren)(ren)——六(liu)(liu)(liu)百年(nian)(nian)前明朝(chao)隨傅(fu)友德將軍(jun)征南(nan)到(dao)劉(liu)(liu)官一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)屯軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦淮河后(hou)裔,至(zhi)今婦女還(huan)保留明朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)陽鳳裝,飲(yin)食(shi)習(xi)慣(guan)也保留明朝(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗)都有(you)(you)(you)逢年(nian)(nian)過(guo)(guo)節上山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來(lai)炸吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan),野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)很受當地(di)(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜愛,有(you)(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)把多(duo)(duo)(duo)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿到(dao)集市上出(chu)售。但野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根(gen)(gen)莖小(xiao),且數量少,過(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)趕集時(shi)(shi)供不(bu)應求。這時(shi)(shi)住(zhu)在(zai)(zai)劉(liu)(liu)官境(jing)內(nei)(nei)老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃茂(mao)賢就(jiu)把挖(wa)(wa)(wa)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)試種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)自家(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)里(li),第二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)出(chu)來(lai)果然(ran)比野生(sheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da),就(jiu)這樣年(nian)(nian)復一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馴化(hua)、提純扶(fu)壯,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong),后(hou)相繼在(zai)(zai)老邦(bang)(bang)寨(zhai)擴大(da)(da)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積,馴化(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)售在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)州(zhou)(zhou)(今舊州(zhou)(zhou)鎮(zhen))、大(da)(da)水橋(qiao)(今大(da)(da)西橋(qiao)鎮(zhen))、平(ping)壩縣等(deng)地(di)(di)(di),深受人(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜歡。其薯(shu)(shu)塊呈圓(yuan)柱形,其地(di)(di)(di)下塊莖可長(chang)達100cm左(zuo)右(you),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)皮(pi)(pi)薄,外表淡褐色(se),密生(sheng)細須,根(gen)(gen)皮(pi)(pi)黃白(bai)色(se),肉白(bai)色(se),有(you)(you)(you)粘(zhan)液。削皮(pi)(pi)后(hou)肉質白(bai)色(se),且久(jiu)(jiu)置不(bu)會變黃,久(jiu)(jiu)煮不(bu)散,肉質松軟(ruan)細膩,味微甜,容易(yi)做成(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)泥、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)粉等(deng)。安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每公(gong)頃產(chan)(chan)(chan)量在(zai)(zai)27-33噸,劉(liu)(liu)官白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)已成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)具有(you)(you)(you)特(te)色(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。“安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”因(yin)此而(er)得(de)名。 1980年(nian)(nian),農(nong)(nong)村實行聯(lian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)承包(bao)(bao)責任(ren)制(zhi)后(hou),劉(liu)(liu)官鄉境(jing)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)(da)農(nong)(nong)戶在(zai)(zai)西秀區農(nong)(nong)業(ye)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)指導(dao)下,種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積不(bu)斷(duan)擴大(da)(da),種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)面(mian)積4000多(duo)(duo)(duo)畝,輻(fu)射(she)帶(dai)動全(quan)區十(shi)七個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(辦)種(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積15000多(duo)(duo)(duo)畝,年(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)(chan)量3.0萬(wan)噸以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。2006年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)安(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)獲得(de)貴州(zhou)(zhou)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)廳無公(gong)害(hai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基地(di)(di)(di)認證(zheng)4200畝。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)外銷(xiao)市場好,遠銷(xiao)香港、廣州(zhou)(zhou)、貴陽等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)。
三.地域范圍
西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)原縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)安(an)順(shun)(shun)市,2000年8月,撤銷縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)安(an)順(shun)(shun)市,設西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)(qu),安(an)順(shun)(shun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)改名為(wei)安(an)順(shun)(shun)市,西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)(qu)隸屬安(an)順(shun)(shun)市管(guan)轄。西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)(qu)位于貴州省(sheng)中西(xi)(xi)部,地(di)(di)處云貴高(gao)原東(dong)(dong)部、苗(miao)嶺山(shan)脈西(xi)(xi)端,長江水(shui)系(xi)和珠江水(shui)系(xi)分(fen)水(shui)嶺上。地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東(dong)(dong)經105°44′32″~106°21′58″,北緯25°56′30″~26°24′42″。東(dong)(dong)臨平壩、長順(shun)(shun)兩縣(xian)(xian),南接紫云苗(miao)族布(bu)依族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian),北鄰普定縣(xian)(xian),西(xi)(xi)連(lian)鎮(zhen)(zhen)寧(ning)布(bu)依族苗(miao)族自治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)。距貴州省(sheng)省(sheng)會(hui)貴陽市90余公里(li),是地(di)(di)級(ji)安(an)順(shun)(shun)市市府所在地(di)(di),是全市政治(zhi)、經濟、科技(ji)和文化中心,居(ju)住有漢、苗(miao)、布(bu)依、回、仡佬等民族80余萬(wan)(wan)人。全區(qu)(qu)總面(mian)積1546平方公里(li),耕地(di)(di)面(mian)積41.65萬(wan)(wan)畝。海拔高(gao)度1102-1695m,最大(da)(da)相(xiang)對高(gao)差592.7m。森林(lin)面(mian)積1575.32萬(wan)(wan)畝,森林(lin)覆蓋率25.58%。 安(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)藥分(fen)布(bu)于西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)(qu)所轄行政區(qu)(qu)內的(de)十七個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(辦(ban)),包(bao)括(kuo):劉官鄉(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)(dong)屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、楊武(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新場鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雞場鄉(xiang)(xiang)、巖臘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黃臘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、舊州鎮(zhen)(zhen)、雙(shuang)堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)(da)西(xi)(xi)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、七眼橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)、蔡官鎮(zhen)(zhen)、轎子山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、龍宮鎮(zhen)(zhen)、寧(ning)谷鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)(dong)關辦(ban)事(shi)處、華西(xi)(xi)辦(ban)事(shi)處。山(shan)藥總生產規模1.5萬(wan)(wan)畝,年總產量3.0萬(wan)(wan)噸以上。
四.產品品質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外在(zai)感官(guan)特(te)征:山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)又名薯蕷(yu)、白苕、山(shan)薯、大薯或(huo)薯藥(yao)(yao)(yao),屬薯蕷(yu)科、山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)屬,包括許多種,為(wei)一年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本(藤本)植物(wu),有棍棒狀(zhuang)、掌狀(zhuang)和塊(kuai)狀(zhuang)等(deng),外表(biao)呈赤(chi)褐(he)、黃(huang)褐(he)和黑褐(he)等(deng)色(se),肉帶絲(si)狀(zhuang)白色(se),葉互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和對生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、葉柄長(chang)、側枝多、多數為(wei)單(dan)葉,葉腋生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)出氣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)塊(kuai)莖,稱為(wei)零余子或(huo)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)豆,俗稱山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)果,可供繁殖和食用,花小、雌(ci)雄(xiong)異株、蔟生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、呈穗(sui)狀(zhuang),大都(dou)用塊(kuai)莖繁殖,地下塊(kuai)莖可長(chang)達100cm左右(you)。山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)皮皮薄(bo),削皮后(hou)肉質白色(se),且久(jiu)置不(bu)會變色(se),久(jiu)煮不(bu)散。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi):安(an)順山藥(yao)(yao)已獲得(de)貴州省農業廳無公害農產品產地(di)認證,由(you)于生(sheng)長(chang)的環境是通透性較好的砂壤土,故長(chang)出的山藥(yao)(yao)特點是:體(ti)大豐腴、皮薄、去(qu)皮后不變色、粉足、潔(jie)白、易煮,味道鮮美,入口即化(hua)。由(you)于安(an)順山藥(yao)(yao)的營養豐富,有(you)效成(cheng)分多(duo),故營養價值高。主要含有(you)蛋白質(zhi)(2.048g/100g)、氨(an)基酸(1.47mg/100g)、水(shui)分(76.95mg/100g)、總皂甙、黏液汁、膽堿、多(duo)酚氧化(hua)酶、維(wei)生(sheng)素甘(gan)露多(duo)糖、植(zhi)酸及尿囊素等多(duo)種(zhong)營養物質(zhi);不僅作菜也(ye)可代(dai)糧,干品或提(ti)煉(lian)品還可入藥(yao)(yao),有(you)滋(zi)身補腎、益腦(nao)利血(xue)、補牌健胃(wei)、延緩衰(shuai)老、降血(xue)壓和(he)(he)血(xue)糖等功(gong)效,能(neng)潤(run)膚養顏、健美苗條(tiao)。是藥(yao)(yao)食兼用的高檔蔬菜、保健食品和(he)(he)中藥(yao)(yao)材。
(3)安全(quan)要(yao)求:安順山藥(yao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)嚴格(ge)按無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)規范和(he)(he)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)安順山藥(yao)從不施(shi)用化(hua)肥和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)是在土壤20cm以下(xia)生(sheng)(sheng)長。且安順山藥(yao)2006年6月已(yi)經通(tong)過貴州(zhou)省農(nong)(nong)業廳無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)認證,并(bing)嚴格(ge)按照無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)規范和(he)(he)標準化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)已(yi)多次送(song)省、市農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)檢(jian)測(ce)中心檢(jian)測(ce),達到無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)標準。
五.特定生產方式
1、安順(shun)山藥栽培技術操作規程
1.1、播前準(zhun)備(bei): 種植山藥的土(tu)壤疏松肥沃、土(tu)層深厚、滯(zhi)能(neng)排水、旱能(neng)灌溉、中性(xing)或微酸(suan)性(xing)的平(ping)地(di)與緩坡(po)地(di)塊最為(wei)適宜。
1.2、整(zheng)地(di): 山藥塊莖是(shi)在地(di)下(xia)生長,屬(shu)深根作物,分布在深60-100cm的土(tu)層中;深翻(fan)(fan)土(tu)地(di)80-100cm,深翻(fan)(fan)有利(li)于根莖向下(xia)蔓延,有利(li)于根莖生長。
1.3、施肥(fei): 施肥(fei)原則(ze)是肥(fei)料以農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),每畝(mu)施腐熟的農(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)2500kg,復合肥(fei)100kg,餅肥(fei)250kg。
1.4、品種(zhong)準備(種(zhong)薯制備): 種(zhong)薯制備的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)有2種(zhong)。第一(yi)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)使用山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)栽子(也叫山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)嘴(zui)子),即(ji)山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)上端有芽一(yi)節;第二種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)使用山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)段子,將山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)按8-10cm分(fen)切成段,每(mei)個段子重30-40g左右(you)。
1.5、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方法(fa): 塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),長(chang)形種(zhong)(zhong)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)無論何部(bu)(bu)都能生(sheng)長(chang)不定芽(ya)(ya),以近(jin)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)生(sheng)長(chang)較(jiao)(jiao)旺。頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),長(chang)形種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)塊(kuai)根上端有(you)一段較(jiao)(jiao)細(xi)而(er)(er)肉質粗硬的(de)部(bu)(bu)分,其頂(ding)端有(you)一頂(ding)芽(ya)(ya),可(ke)用來繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱為(wei)(wei)山(shan)藥(yao)尾子(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)芽(ya)(ya)嘴子(zi)(zi)(zi)。零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數量多、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)容易(yi),零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)畝用量30-40kg。尤其是當(dang)山(shan)藥(yao)栽(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)連續(xu)種(zhong)(zhong)植3-4年后(hou)(hou)(hou),產量和品質均明(ming)顯下降,不宜再作(zuo)(zuo)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材(cai)料,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)候就必(bi)須(xu)采用零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)進行(xing)更新(xin)復壯(zhuang)。零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)栽(zai)培第(di)一年后(hou)(hou)(hou)得到小山(shan)藥(yao),長(chang)20-30cm。第(di)二(er)年將山(shan)藥(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)下后(hou)(hou)(hou)(不分切)得到成熟的(de)大(da)山(shan)藥(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)。用零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)培養的(de)小山(shan)藥(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)栽(zai)子(zi)(zi)(zi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)代生(sheng)活力(li)旺盛,而(er)(er)且生(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)間病蟲(chong)害(hai)很少。 1.6、栽(zai)培方法(fa): 采用高壟(long)(long)栽(zai)培,其寬度為(wei)(wei)60cm,雙(shuang)行(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)植、行(xing)株(zhu)距為(wei)(wei)30×25cm。栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)將種(zhong)(zhong)薯橫放(fang),芽(ya)(ya)統(tong)一朝一個方向,并將泥土(tu)覆蓋山(shan)藥(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)(ya)2-3cm,再將農家肥、餅肥放(fang)入(ru)溝內,覆土(tu)壟(long)(long)廂即可(ke)。壟(long)(long)與壟(long)(long)之間相(xiang)距60cm,用于走道和搭(da)架(jia)(jia)。每畝栽(zai)植4000-4500株(zhu),栽(zai)植時(shi)(shi)(shi)間2-3月。栽(zai)植后(hou)(hou)(hou)因氣(qi)候不同(tong)需15-35天(tian)出苗,山(shan)藥(yao)幼莖(jing)(jing)纖細(xi)而(er)(er)脆嫩,極易(yi)折斷。出苗30cm左右及早支柱或(huo)(huo)搭(da)人字架(jia)(jia)。 支架(jia)(jia)插入(ru)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)深度以20cm為(wei)(wei)宜,最深不要超過30cm,否(fou)則(ze)會(hui)影響(xiang)根系(xi)的(de)正(zheng)常生(sheng)長(chang),還會(hui)捅傷種(zhong)(zhong)薯。 山(shan)藥(yao)上架(jia)(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi),可(ke)以順勢理蔓,引導(dao)莖(jing)(jing)蔓均勻盤架(jia)(jia),避(bi)免互相(xiang)攪困。 山(shan)藥(yao)出苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)有(you)數株(zhu)幼苗擠在(zai)一起,應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)間苗只留一株(zhu)強(qiang)壯(zhuang)幼苗。 山(shan)藥(yao)進入(ru)生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛期(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),適(shi)當(dang)摘除基部(bu)(bu)的(de)幾條側(ce)枝,目的(de)在(zai)于盡量集中養分促(cu)進塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)長(chang)。 在(zai)生(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi),發現零(ling)余子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)成過多,也應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)摘除,否(fou)則(ze)與地下塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)爭奪養分,影響(xiang)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)的(de)膨(peng)大(da)。
1.7、除草(cao): 山藥出苗后生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)很快,所以中(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao)只(zhi)在早期進行(xing)。中(zhong)耕(geng)要淺耕(geng)只(zhi)將 土(tu)壤表明整松即(ji)可。 山藥生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)中(zhong),一般(ban)雜(za)草(cao)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)會很旺盛。為避免(mian)雜(za)草(cao)爭奪養(yang)分,應及時拔除,拔除當中(zhong)不要損傷塊(kuai)莖和根(gen)系(xi)。
1.8、采收(shou): 在山(shan)藥(yao)栽種當年10月(yue)底(di)(di)或11月(yue)初(chu),當地(di)上(shang)(shang)部分(fen)發黃枯死后,即可開始收(shou)獲,山(shan)藥(yao)塊(kuai)莖。 山(shan)藥(yao)收(shou)獲程序為(wei)(wei):先(xian)將支架莖蔓(man)一(yi)起(qi)撥起(qi),接著(zhu)抖落莖蔓(man)上(shang)(shang)的(de)山(shan)藥(yao)果(guo)。把地(di)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)的(de)山(shan)藥(yao)果(guo)和莖枯葉集(ji)中收(shou)集(ji)起(qi)來。 挖(wa)掘山(shan)藥(yao)的(de)方法是:從畦的(de)一(yi)端(duan)開始,先(xian)挖(wa)出(chu)60cm見方的(de)土(tu)坑(keng)來。人坐在坑(keng)沿,用鐵(tie)鏟沿著(zhu)山(shan)藥(yao)生長(chang)在地(di)面(mian)10cm處的(de)側根(gen)系,鏟出(chu)根(gen)側泥(ni)土(tu),鏟到山(shan)藥(yao)溝(gou)底(di)(di)見到塊(kuai)莖尖端(duan)為(wei)(wei)止,平(ping)握快莖的(de)中上(shang)(shang)部,小心提出(chu)山(shan)藥(yao)塊(kuai)莖。 采挖(wa)山(shan)藥(yao),一(yi)定要按(an)著(zhu)順序一(yi)株(zhu)一(yi)株(zhu)挨著(zhu)挖(wa),即能有(you)效減(jian)少破損率,又避免漏收(shou)。
2、安順山藥病(bing)蟲害及其防治
2.1、山藥葉(xie)斑(ban)(ban)病(bing): 發病(bing)初期(qi),葉(xie)面出現(xian)(xian)黃(huang)色(se)或黃(huang)白色(se)病(bing)斑(ban)(ban),邊緣(yuan)不十分明顯。蔓延擴大后則呈現(xian)(xian)褐色(se)的(de)(de)不規則形,上無輪紋;發病(bing)后期(qi)的(de)(de)病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)邊緣(yuan)凸起,中(zhong)間(jian)淡 褐色(se)上生小(xiao)黑(hei)點,有些病(bing)斑(ban)(ban)能形成穿孔。嚴重時(shi)致(zhi)使葉(xie)片枯死,在葉(xie)柄和(he)莖上形成長圓形斑(ban)(ban)圖。
2.2、山藥(yao)炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing): 發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi),在山藥(yao)葉片上產(chan)生褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)下(xia)陷的不規(gui)則小斑,后來逐漸擴大(da)成黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se),邊緣清晰(xi),形(xing)成圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)不規(gui)則病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑直(zhi)徑0.2-0.8cm;后期(qi),病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑中部(bu)呈灰(hui)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se),上面有不規(gui)則的輪紋,病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑周圍的健葉有發(fa)黃現(xian)象。葉柄受害(hai)后,初期(qi)表現(xian)為(wei)水(shui)漬狀褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,后期(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)呈現(xian)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)干縮(suo),致(zhi)使葉片脫落。莖部(bu)受害(hai)后,初期(qi)會產(chan)生褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)小點,后期(qi)逐漸擴大(da)成圓(yuan)形(xing)、橢圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)不規(gui)則形(xing)的黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,病(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)略下(xia)陷或(huo)(huo)者干縮(suo),天氣潮濕時可見(jian)粉紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)粘(zhan)狀物或(huo)(huo)黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)小點。
2.3、防治方法(fa): 要(yao)在收獲后清掃山(shan)藥(yao)殘體枝(zhi)葉(xie)及雜草落葉(xie),并(bing)集(ji)中(zhong)燒埋,減少各病(bing)(bing)原物; 要(yao)適(shi)當更新架(jia)材,減少架(jia)材上寄生的(de)病(bing)(bing)原物。在栽培過程中(zhong)要(yao)設法(fa)降(jiang)低土壤濕度,改善通風通光條件。由于當地特殊的(de)氣候(hou)和土壤條件,及深挖坑、高起(qi)壟、搭支架(jia)的(de)栽培方式,并(bing)進行輪作種植,山(shan)藥(yao)的(de)病(bing)(bing)蟲害很少發生,農戶(hu)普(pu)遍不用農藥(yao)防治。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關(guan)規定
地(di)域范圍內的安順(shun)山(shan)藥生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)安順(shun)山(shan)藥的農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi),須向登記證書持(chi)有人提出申請(qing)。并按規定(ding)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)使(shi)用(yong)標志(zhi),在其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)或(huo)其包裝上(shang)統(tong)一使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)理標志(zhi)(安順(shun)山(shan)藥名稱和(he)公(gong)共標識圖(tu)案結合標注形式)。