芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)在西(xi)秀區種植已(yi)有300余年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)栽培歷史(shi)，據咸豐元年(nian)(nian)再(zai)版撰寫的(de)(de)《安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志(zhi)》已(yi)將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)作(zuo)為(wei)安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)入府志(zhi)“安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)有黑白二種—（卷之(zhi)十七·物(wu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)二）”；據1983年(nian)(nian)整理后(hou)的(de)(de)《續修安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志(zhi)·安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)志(zhi)》238頁記(ji)載(zai)“薯蕷，俗名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)，藥(yao)(yao)用稱淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，長(chang)者至尺余，有黑、白二種，白者居多。富營養，宜熟食，生則麻口”；據《安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府志(zhi)》第二卷之(zhi)六疆(jiang)里十六、十七記(ji)載(zai)，劉(liu)官(guan)屯(tun)老(lao)邦寨已(yi)屬安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)府轄(xia)制(zhi)區域。 安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)由來，300多年(nian)(nian)前劉(liu)官(guan)一帶(dai)的(de)(de)屯(tun)堡人都有逢年(nian)(nian)過節上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖(wa)(wa)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)來炸吃的(de)(de)習慣，野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)很受當地(di)人的(de)(de)喜(xi)愛，有人把多挖(wa)(wa)的(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)拿(na)到集市上(shang)出售。但野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)根(gen)莖小，且(qie)(qie)數量(liang)少，過年(nian)(nian)趕集時供不(bu)應求，這時住在劉(liu)官(guan)境內老(lao)邦寨的(de)(de)黃(huang)茂賢(xian)就把挖(wa)(wa)來的(de)(de)野山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)試種在自家的(de)(de)地(di)里，第二年(nian)(nian)挖(wa)(wa)出來果然比野生山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)，就這樣(yang)年(nian)(nian)復一年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)馴(xun)化(hua)、提純扶壯，形成了當地(di)的(de)(de)地(di)方品種，后(hou)繼在老(lao)邦寨擴大(da)(da)種植面積(ji)，馴(xun)化(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品銷(xiao)售在當時的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)州（今舊州鎮）、大(da)(da)水橋(qiao)（今大(da)(da)西(xi)橋(qiao)鎮）、平壩(ba)縣等地(di)，深(shen)受人們的(de)(de)喜(xi)歡。其薯塊呈圓柱(zhu)形，其地(di)下(xia)塊莖可長(chang)達(da)100cm左右，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)皮(pi)(pi)薄(bo)，外表淡褐色(se)，密生細須，根(gen)皮(pi)(pi)黃(huang)白色(se)，肉白色(se)，有粘(zhan)液(ye)，削皮(pi)(pi)后(hou)肉質白色(se)，且(qie)(qie)久(jiu)置不(bu)會變(bian)黃(huang)，久(jiu)煮(zhu)不(bu)散，肉質松軟細膩(ni)，味稍甜，容易做成山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)泥、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)粉(fen)等。安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)一般每公頃產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)在27-33噸，劉(liu)官(guan)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)已(yi)成了安(an)(an)(an)順(shun)(shun)具有特色(se)的(de)(de)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品。

二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素(su)

（1）土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況：西秀區(qu)屬貴州西部(bu)高原山地區(qu)黔中(zhong)丘(qiu)陵(ling)盆地，其中(zhong)：山地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)822.1平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)，占全(quan)(quan)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)47.8％；丘(qiu)陵(ling)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)728.3平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)，占全(quan)(quan)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)42.3％；盆地面(mian)積(ji)(ji)125.7平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)，占全(quan)(quan)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)7.3％；水域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)44.3平(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公里(li)(li)，占全(quan)(quan)區(qu)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)2.6％。境內土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型多樣(yang)，有山地黃棕(zong)壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)、石灰土(tu)(tu)、紫色(se)土(tu)(tu)、水稻土(tu)(tu)等7個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)類，27個(ge)(ge)亞類，87個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)屬，142個(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)種。pH值為6－7，屬弱酸性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)；耕地土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)普遍較(jiao)高，全(quan)(quan)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)高、全(quan)(quan)磷含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)低(di)、水稻土(tu)(tu)全(quan)(quan)氮含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)低(di)，總(zong)(zong)體上土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)深厚、土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松肥(fei)沃，保肥(fei)能力較(jiao)強。

（2）水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況：境(jing)(jing)內東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)有(you)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上源三(san)岔河(he)(he)，貓跳河(he)(he)上源邢(xing)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)較大(da)；南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)油菜(cai)(cai)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)程短，水(shui)(shui)(shui)量少；南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)伏流(liu)(liu)河(he)(he)段較多(duo)(duo)，西南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)撈兜(dou)河(he)(he)、補董(dong)河(he)(he)、大(da)屯(tun)河(he)(he)明(ming)暗流(liu)(liu)相間(jian)，可用水(shui)(shui)(shui)能不(bu)大(da)。境(jing)(jing)內巖溶發育，地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)有(you)分(fen)布(bu)，分(fen)布(bu)于(yu)東(dong)北部(bu)(bu)和(he)(he)偏(pian)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)切割(ge)淺，河(he)(he)床開闊，耕地多(duo)(duo)為集(ji)中(zhong)連片(pian)，且(qie)多(duo)(duo)有(you)溪流(liu)(liu)橫貫其(qi)間(jian)。境(jing)(jing)內主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)9條，支流(liu)(liu)28條，小(xiao)溪133條，大(da)于(yu)20平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)支流(liu)(liu)27條，主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)長(chang)度(du)大(da)于(yu)10公里(li)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)9條。屬長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)739.06平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)，屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系流(liu)(liu)域面積(ji)1021.69平方(fang)(fang)(fang)公里(li)。長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)邢(xing)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)、千峰河(he)(he)、果者河(he)(he)、驛馬寨河(he)(he)。珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)油菜(cai)(cai)河(he)(he)、大(da)屯(tun)河(he)(he)、羅補董(dong)河(he)(he)、撈兜(dou)河(he)(he)、桂(gui)家河(he)(he)。境(jing)(jing)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)源豐富，水(shui)(shui)(shui)質狀(zhuang)況良好，有(you)利于(yu)作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)。

（3）氣(qi)(qi)候情況：西(xi)秀區屬(shu)北亞熱(re)帶季風濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候區，平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫在(zai)13.2－15.0℃，區境(jing)降雨量(liang)充(chong)沛，多(duo)年(nian)(nian)平均(jun)降水量(liang)1250—1400mm，最多(duo)年(nian)(nian)1879.6mm，最少年(nian)(nian)為947.6mm，平均(jun)1365mm。年(nian)(nian)降雨日數195天，無霜(shuang)期平均(jun)在(zai)270天，年(nian)(nian)日照數968.6－1309.6小時，立體氣(qi)(qi)候明顯。太陽輻射(she)總量(liang)為75.7至88.5千(qian)卡/平方厘米，屬(shu)全(quan)國太陽輻射(she)低值區。

（4）人(ren)文歷史情況(kuang)：在(zai)(zai)世(shi)界上(shang)(shang)，食(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)薯(shu)蕷類(lei)植物可分四個(ge)(ge)起源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)起源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)，包括廣東、海南(nan)(nan)、云(yun)南(nan)(nan)、貴州(zhou)(zhou)和臺灣省，可稱中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)是(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)關于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)已有(you)2500多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史，《山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)海經(jing)(jing)》（公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)770年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)756年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）曾(ceng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)“累門(men)北望少澤，其草(cao)(cao)多(duo)薯(shu)蕷”。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)薯(shu)蕷科植物，原(yuan)名(ming)薯(shu)蕷，因(yin)(yin)唐代(dai)宗名(ming)預，故避諱(hui)(hui)改(gai)名(ming)為(wei)(wei)薯(shu)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，后(hou)(hou)又因(yin)(yin)宋英(ying)宗諱(hui)(hui)薯(shu)，遂(sui)改(gai)名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。《神(shen)(shen)農(nong)本草(cao)(cao)經(jing)(jing)》上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)：“久(jiu)(jiu)服(fu)耳目(mu)聰(cong)明(ming)(ming)”，被列入(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)品(pin)(pin)，金代(dai)《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)性論》上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)：“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)能補(bu)五勞七(qi)傷，去(qu)涼(liang)氣(qi)，止腰疼，鎮(zhen)心(xin)神(shen)(shen)，補(bu)心(xin)氣(qi)不足，患者(zhe)(zhe)體虛(xu)贏(ying)瘦加(jia)而(er)(er)用(yong)(yong)之(zhi)。”《日華子(zi)本草(cao)(cao)》上(shang)(shang)說(shuo)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)“助五臟、強筋骨(gu)、長(chang)志(zhi)(zhi)安(an)(an)神(shen)(shen)、主泄精(jing)、健(jian)忘。”山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)不僅能扶正滋補(bu)，而(er)(er)且還(huan)有(you)健(jian)美(mei)之(zhi)功，元代(dai)脾胃論專(zhuan)家(jia)李(li)景(jing)說(shuo)：“治皮(pi)膚干(gan)燥，以此物潤(run)之(zhi)。”《圖經(jing)(jing)本草(cao)(cao)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)較詳：“今(jin)(jin)(jin)處處有(you)之(zhi)，春生(sheng)苗，莖紫葉青(qing)，有(you)三尖角，似牽牛更厚而(er)(er)光澤，夏(xia)開(kai)細白花(hua)，大(da)(da)(da)類(lei)棗花(hua)，秋生(sheng)實于葉間，狀如鈴，二(er)(er)月(yue)、八月(yue)采根。” 我國(guo)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)，可以追溯到(dao)公(gong)元前(qian)(qian)2000多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，從敦煌莫高窟發掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，就有(you)“神(shen)(shen)仙粥”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)：“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)1斤，蒸熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)去(qu)皮(pi)；雞頭半斤，煮(zhu)熟(shu)后(hou)(hou)去(qu)殼搗為(wei)(wei)米，入(ru)(ru)粳米半斤，慢(man)火煮(zhu)成(cheng)(cheng)粥，空(kong)心(xin)食(shi)之(zhi)。”為(wei)(wei)此，從古至(zhi) 今(jin)(jin)(jin)，人(ren)們都(dou)是(shi)有(you)病(bing)時(shi)(shi)吃(chi)(chi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，無病(bing)時(shi)(shi)也吃(chi)(chi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。是(shi)人(ren)們食(shi)用(yong)(yong)歷史悠久(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兼用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)物。 貴州(zhou)(zhou)省作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)第(di)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)起源(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)之(zhi)一(yi)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)西秀(xiu)區(qu)種(zhong)植已有(you)300余(yu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽培歷史，據咸(xian)豐元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（1851年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）再版撰寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《安(an)(an)順(shun)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)》已將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)安(an)(an)順(shun)物產(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)(ji)入(ru)(ru)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)黑(hei)白二(er)(er)種(zhong)——（卷(juan)之(zhi)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)·物產(chan)(chan)二(er)(er)）記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)；據1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)整理后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《續修安(an)(an)順(shun)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)·安(an)(an)順(shun)志(zhi)(zhi)》238頁記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)“薯(shu)蕷，俗名(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)稱淮山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，長(chang)者(zhe)(zhe)至(zhi)尺(chi)余(yu)，有(you)黑(hei)、白二(er)(er)種(zhong)，白者(zhe)(zhe)居多(duo)。富(fu)營養，宜(yi)熟(shu)食(shi)，生(sheng)則(ze)麻口”；據《安(an)(an)順(shun)府(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)(zhi)》第(di)二(er)(er)卷(juan)之(zhi)六(liu)疆里十(shi)(shi)六(liu)、十(shi)(shi)七(qi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)(zai)，劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)屯(tun)老(lao)邦(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)已屬(shu)安(an)(an)順(shun)府(fu)(fu)(fu)轄制區(qu)域。 “安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai)，300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)屯(tun)堡人(ren)（屯(tun)堡人(ren)——六(liu)百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)明(ming)(ming)朝隨傅友德(de)將(jiang)軍(jun)征(zheng)南(nan)(nan)到(dao)劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)帶屯(tun)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦(qin)淮河(he)后(hou)(hou)裔，至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)(jin)婦(fu)女(nv)還(huan)保留(liu)明(ming)(ming)朝時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漢(han)陽鳳裝(zhuang)，飲食(shi)習(xi)慣也保留(liu)明(ming)(ming)朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗）都(dou)有(you)逢(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)過節上(shang)(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)挖野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)來(lai)炸吃(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣，野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)很(hen)受當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)(xi)愛，有(you)人(ren)把(ba)多(duo)挖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)拿到(dao)集(ji)市上(shang)(shang)出售(shou)(shou)。但野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)根莖小，且數量少，過年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)趕集(ji)時(shi)(shi)供不應求。這時(shi)(shi)住在(zai)(zai)劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)境內老(lao)邦(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)茂(mao)賢就把(ba)挖來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野(ye)(ye)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)試(shi)種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)自家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)里，第(di)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)挖出來(lai)果(guo)然比野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)(da)，就這樣年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)復一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)馴化、提純扶壯，形成(cheng)(cheng)了當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，后(hou)(hou)相(xiang)繼在(zai)(zai)老(lao)邦(bang)寨(zhai)(zhai)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)，馴化后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售(shou)(shou)在(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)順(shun)州(zhou)(zhou)（今(jin)(jin)(jin)舊州(zhou)(zhou)鎮(zhen)）、大(da)(da)(da)水橋（今(jin)(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)西橋鎮(zhen)）、平壩縣等地(di)(di)(di)，深(shen)受人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)(xi)歡。其薯(shu)塊(kuai)呈(cheng)圓柱形，其地(di)(di)(di)下塊(kuai)莖可長(chang)達100cm左右，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)皮(pi)薄，外表淡褐色，密生(sheng)細須，根皮(pi)黃(huang)白色，肉白色，有(you)粘液。削皮(pi)后(hou)(hou)肉質白色，且久(jiu)(jiu)置不會(hui)變黃(huang)，久(jiu)(jiu)煮(zhu)不散，肉質松軟細膩(ni)，味微甜(tian)，容易做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)泥、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)粉等。安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)一(yi)般每公(gong)頃產(chan)(chan)量在(zai)(zai)27－33噸(dun)(dun)，劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)已成(cheng)(cheng)了安(an)(an)順(shun)具有(you)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)。“安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)”因(yin)(yin)此而(er)(er)得名(ming)。 1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，農(nong)村實行聯產(chan)(chan)承包責任制后(hou)(hou)，劉(liu)(liu)官(guan)(guan)(guan)鄉(xiang)境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣大(da)(da)(da)農(nong)戶在(zai)(zai)西秀(xiu)區(qu)農(nong)業局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)技術指導下，種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不斷擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)，種(zhong)植山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)4000多(duo)畝(mu)，輻射帶動全(quan)區(qu)十(shi)(shi)七(qi)個(ge)(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)（辦）種(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)15000多(duo)畝(mu)，年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)總產(chan)(chan)量3.0萬噸(dun)(dun)以上(shang)(shang)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)獲得貴州(zhou)(zhou)省農(nong)業廳無公(gong)害(hai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)基地(di)(di)(di)認證4200畝(mu)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)外銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)市場(chang)好，遠銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)香港(gang)、廣州(zhou)(zhou)、貴陽等地(di)(di)(di)。

三.地域范圍

西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)為原縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)安順市，2000年8月(yue)，撤銷縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)安順市，設西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)，安順地(di)(di)區(qu)改名為安順市，西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)隸屬安順市管轄。西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)位于(yu)貴州(zhou)省(sheng)中(zhong)西(xi)(xi)部，地(di)(di)處(chu)云貴高原東(dong)部、苗嶺(ling)山(shan)脈(mo)西(xi)(xi)端，長江(jiang)水系和珠(zhu)江(jiang)水系分水嶺(ling)上。地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經105°44′32″～106°21′58″，北緯25°56′30″～26°24′42″。東(dong)臨平壩、長順兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)，南接紫云苗族布依族自治縣(xian)(xian)，北鄰普定縣(xian)(xian)，西(xi)(xi)連鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)寧(ning)(ning)布依族苗族自治縣(xian)(xian)。距(ju)貴州(zhou)省(sheng)省(sheng)會貴陽市90余公里(li)，是(shi)地(di)(di)級(ji)安順市市府所(suo)在地(di)(di)，是(shi)全市政(zheng)治、經濟、科技和文化中(zhong)心，居住有(you)漢、苗、布依、回(hui)、仡佬等民族80余萬(wan)人。全區(qu)總面積(ji)1546平方公里(li)，耕(geng)地(di)(di)面積(ji)41.65萬(wan)畝。海(hai)拔高度(du)1102－1695m，最大(da)相對高差592.7m。森(sen)林面積(ji)1575.32萬(wan)畝，森(sen)林覆蓋率25.58％。 安順山(shan)藥分布于(yu)西(xi)(xi)秀(xiu)(xiu)區(qu)所(suo)轄行(xing)政(zheng)區(qu)內的十七個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)（辦(ban)(ban)），包括(kuo)：劉(liu)官(guan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、東(dong)屯鄉(xiang)(xiang)、楊武(wu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、新場(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、雞場(chang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、巖臘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、黃(huang)臘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、舊州(zhou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙(shuang)堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大(da)西(xi)(xi)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、七眼(yan)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蔡官(guan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、轎子山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍(long)宮鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、寧(ning)(ning)谷鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、東(dong)關辦(ban)(ban)事處(chu)、華西(xi)(xi)辦(ban)(ban)事處(chu)。山(shan)藥總生產規模(mo)1.5萬(wan)畝，年總產量3.0萬(wan)噸以上。

四(si).產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征

（1）外在感(gan)官特征:山藥又(you)名薯(shu)(shu)蕷(yu)、白(bai)苕、山薯(shu)(shu)、大薯(shu)(shu)或薯(shu)(shu)藥，屬(shu)薯(shu)(shu)蕷(yu)科、山藥屬(shu)，包括許多(duo)(duo)種，為一年生(sheng)(sheng)或多(duo)(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)草本（藤本）植物，有棍棒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、掌(zhang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)等，外表呈(cheng)赤褐(he)、黃褐(he)和(he)黑(hei)褐(he)等色(se)，肉(rou)帶絲(si)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)白(bai)色(se)，葉(xie)互生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)、葉(xie)柄長(chang)、側枝多(duo)(duo)、多(duo)(duo)數為單葉(xie)，葉(xie)腋生(sheng)(sheng)出氣生(sheng)(sheng)塊莖(jing)(jing)，稱(cheng)為零余子或山藥豆(dou)，俗稱(cheng)山藥果，可(ke)(ke)供繁殖和(he)食用(yong)(yong)，花小、雌雄異株、蔟生(sheng)(sheng)、呈(cheng)穗狀(zhuang)(zhuang)，大都(dou)用(yong)(yong)塊莖(jing)(jing)繁殖，地下(xia)塊莖(jing)(jing)可(ke)(ke)長(chang)達100cm左右。山藥皮(pi)皮(pi)薄，削皮(pi)后肉(rou)質(zhi)白(bai)色(se)，且(qie)久(jiu)(jiu)置不會變(bian)色(se)，久(jiu)(jiu)煮不散。

（2）內在品(pin)質(zhi):安順山藥(yao)(yao)已獲(huo)得貴(gui)州(zhou)省(sheng)農業廳無(wu)公害農產品(pin)產地認證，由(you)于(yu)生(sheng)長的(de)環境是(shi)通透性較(jiao)好的(de)砂壤土，故(gu)長出的(de)山藥(yao)(yao)特點(dian)是(shi)：體大豐腴、皮薄、去(qu)皮后不變色、粉足、潔白(bai)、易煮(zhu)，味道鮮(xian)美，入口(kou)即化(hua)。由(you)于(yu)安順山藥(yao)(yao)的(de)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)豐富，有效成分多(duo)(duo)，故(gu)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)價值高。主要含有蛋白(bai)質(zhi)(2.048g/100g)、氨基(ji)酸(suan)（1.47mg/100g）、水分(76.95mg/100g)、總皂甙、黏液汁、膽堿、多(duo)(duo)酚氧化(hua)酶、維生(sheng)素(su)甘露多(duo)(duo)糖、植酸(suan)及尿(niao)囊素(su)等多(duo)(duo)種營(ying)(ying)養(yang)物質(zhi)；不僅(jin)作(zuo)菜也可(ke)代糧，干(gan)品(pin)或提煉(lian)品(pin)還可(ke)入藥(yao)(yao)，有滋身補腎、益腦利血(xue)、補牌健(jian)胃、延緩衰老(lao)、降血(xue)壓和(he)血(xue)糖等功效，能潤(run)膚養(yang)顏、健(jian)美苗(miao)條。是(shi)藥(yao)(yao)食兼用的(de)高檔蔬菜、保健(jian)食品(pin)和(he)中藥(yao)(yao)材。

（3）安(an)(an)全(quan)要求(qiu):安(an)(an)順(shun)山藥(yao)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)無(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)規范和標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)安(an)(an)順(shun)山藥(yao)從不施(shi)用(yong)化(hua)肥(fei)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)是在土壤(rang)20cm以下生長。且安(an)(an)順(shun)山藥(yao)2006年6月已經通過(guo)貴(gui)州省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業廳無(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地認證，并嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照無(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)規范和標準化(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)已多次送(song)省(sheng)、市農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)檢測(ce)中心檢測(ce)，達到無(wu)公害農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)標準。

五.特定生(sheng)產方式

1、安順山藥栽培(pei)技術操作規程

1.1、播前準備： 種植山藥(yao)的(de)土壤疏松肥沃(wo)、土層深(shen)厚、滯能排水(shui)、旱(han)能灌溉、中性(xing)(xing)或微酸性(xing)(xing)的(de)平地與(yu)緩坡(po)地塊最為適宜(yi)。

1.2、整地： 山藥(yao)塊莖是在(zai)地下(xia)生(sheng)長，屬深(shen)(shen)根作(zuo)物，分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)深(shen)(shen)60－100cm的土層中；深(shen)(shen)翻土地80－100cm，深(shen)(shen)翻有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)根莖向(xiang)下(xia)蔓延(yan)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)根莖生(sheng)長。

1.3、施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)原則是(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料以農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為主，每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)腐(fu)熟的農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)2500kg，復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100kg，餅肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)250kg。

1.4、品種準備(bei)（種薯制備(bei)）： 種薯制備(bei)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)有2種。第一種方(fang)法(fa)是使用山(shan)(shan)藥栽子(zi)（也叫山(shan)(shan)藥嘴子(zi)），即山(shan)(shan)藥塊(kuai)莖(jing)上端有芽一節；第二種方(fang)法(fa)是使用山(shan)(shan)藥段子(zi)，將(jiang)山(shan)(shan)藥塊(kuai)莖(jing)按8－10cm分切成段，每個段子(zi)重30－40g左右。

1.5、繁殖(zhi)方法(fa)： 塊莖(jing)(jing)繁殖(zhi)法(fa)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)形(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)塊莖(jing)(jing)無論何部都能生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)不(bu)(bu)定芽，以近頂(ding)部生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)較旺。頂(ding)芽繁殖(zhi)法(fa)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)形(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)塊根上(shang)端有(you)一(yi)段較細而(er)肉質粗(cu)硬的(de)部分，其(qi)頂(ding)端有(you)一(yi)頂(ding)芽，可(ke)(ke)用(yong)來繁殖(zhi)稱為山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)尾(wei)子(zi)(zi)(zi)或芽嘴(zui)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繁殖(zhi)數量(liang)多、繁殖(zhi)容(rong)易，零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)畝(mu)用(yong)量(liang)30－40kg。尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)當山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)栽子(zi)(zi)(zi)連續種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)3－4年后(hou)，產(chan)量(liang)和品質均(jun)明(ming)顯下(xia)降，不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)再(zai)作(zuo)(zuo)繁殖(zhi)材料，這時(shi)(shi)候就必須采用(yong)零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)進行更新復壯。零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)栽培第一(yi)年后(hou)得到小山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)，長(chang)(chang)(chang)20－30cm。第二(er)年將山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)后(hou)（不(bu)(bu)分切(qie)）得到成熟的(de)大山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)塊莖(jing)(jing)。用(yong)零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)培養的(de)小山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)作(zuo)(zuo)栽子(zi)(zi)(zi)，后(hou)代生(sheng)活力(li)旺盛(sheng)，而(er)且生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)期(qi)間(jian)病蟲害很少。 1.6、栽培方法(fa)： 采用(yong)高壟(long)栽培，其(qi)寬度為60cm，雙行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、行株(zhu)距為30×25cm。栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)橫放(fang)，芽統一(yi)朝一(yi)個方向，并(bing)將泥土(tu)覆蓋山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽2-3cm，再(zai)將農家肥、餅肥放(fang)入溝內，覆土(tu)壟(long)廂即可(ke)(ke)。壟(long)與壟(long)之間(jian)相距60cm，用(yong)于(yu)走(zou)道和搭架。每畝(mu)栽植(zhi)4000－4500株(zhu)，栽植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)2－3月。栽植(zhi)后(hou)因氣候不(bu)(bu)同需(xu)15－35天(tian)出(chu)苗，山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)幼莖(jing)(jing)纖細而(er)脆嫩，極易折斷(duan)。出(chu)苗30cm左(zuo)右及(ji)早支(zhi)柱(zhu)或搭人字(zi)架。 支(zhi)架插(cha)入土(tu)壤的(de)深度以20cm為宜(yi)，最深不(bu)(bu)要(yao)超(chao)過30cm，否(fou)則會影響根系的(de)正常生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，還(huan)會捅傷種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)。 山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)上(shang)架時(shi)(shi)，可(ke)(ke)以順勢理蔓，引(yin)導莖(jing)(jing)蔓均(jun)勻盤架，避免互(hu)相攪困。 山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)出(chu)苗后(hou)有(you)數株(zhu)幼苗擠(ji)在一(yi)起，應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)苗只留一(yi)株(zhu)強(qiang)壯幼苗。 山(shan)藥(yao)(yao)進入生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)期(qi)后(hou)，適(shi)當摘除(chu)基部的(de)幾(ji)條側枝，目(mu)的(de)在于(yu)盡量(liang)集(ji)中養分促(cu)進塊莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)。 在生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)后(hou)期(qi)，發(fa)現零(ling)(ling)余(yu)(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)生(sheng)成過多，也應及(ji)時(shi)(shi)摘除(chu)，否(fou)則與地下(xia)塊莖(jing)(jing)爭奪養分，影響塊莖(jing)(jing)的(de)膨大。

1.7、除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)： 山(shan)藥(yao)出(chu)苗后(hou)生長很快，所以中(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)只在早期進行。中(zhong)耕(geng)要淺耕(geng)只將 土(tu)壤表明整松即(ji)可。 山(shan)藥(yao)生長中(zhong)，一般(ban)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)生長會很旺盛。為避免雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)爭奪養(yang)分，應及(ji)時拔除(chu)(chu)，拔除(chu)(chu)當中(zhong)不(bu)要損傷塊莖和根系(xi)。

1.8、采收(shou)： 在(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)栽種當年10月(yue)底(di)或(huo)11月(yue)初，當地(di)上部(bu)分發黃(huang)枯死(si)后(hou)，即可開始收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)。 山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)程序為：先將(jiang)支架莖(jing)(jing)蔓一(yi)(yi)起(qi)撥(bo)起(qi)，接(jie)著抖(dou)落莖(jing)(jing)蔓上的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)果(guo)。把地(di)面上的山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)果(guo)和莖(jing)(jing)枯葉集中(zhong)收(shou)集起(qi)來。 挖掘(jue)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)的方(fang)法是(shi)：從畦的一(yi)(yi)端開始，先挖出(chu)60cm見(jian)方(fang)的土坑來。人坐在(zai)坑沿，用鐵鏟(chan)沿著山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)生長(chang)在(zai)地(di)面10cm處的側根系，鏟(chan)出(chu)根側泥(ni)土，鏟(chan)到(dao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)溝底(di)見(jian)到(dao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)尖端為止，平握快(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)的中(zhong)上部(bu)，小心提出(chu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)塊(kuai)莖(jing)(jing)。 采挖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)藥(yao)，一(yi)(yi)定要按著順序一(yi)(yi)株一(yi)(yi)株挨(ai)著挖，即能有(you)效減少(shao)破(po)損率，又避免(mian)漏(lou)收(shou)。

2、安順山藥病蟲害及(ji)其(qi)防治(zhi)

2.1、山藥葉斑(ban)病： 發(fa)病初期，葉面出現黃色或黃白色病斑(ban)，邊(bian)緣(yuan)不十分明顯。蔓延(yan)擴大后(hou)則(ze)呈現褐色的(de)不規則(ze)形(xing)，上無輪(lun)紋；發(fa)病后(hou)期的(de)病斑(ban)邊(bian)緣(yuan)凸起，中間淡 褐色上生小(xiao)黑點，有些病斑(ban)能形(xing)成穿孔。嚴(yan)重時致使葉片枯死(si)，在葉柄和(he)莖(jing)上形(xing)成長圓形(xing)斑(ban)圖。

2.2、山藥炭(tan)疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)： 發病(bing)(bing)(bing)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)，在山藥葉(xie)片上產(chan)生褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)下陷的不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)小(xiao)斑，后(hou)(hou)來(lai)逐漸擴(kuo)大成(cheng)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)，邊緣清晰，形(xing)成(cheng)圓形(xing)或不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑直徑(jing)0.2－0.8cm；后(hou)(hou)期(qi)，病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑中部(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)灰(hui)白色(se)(se)(se)，上面(mian)有不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)的輪紋，病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑周圍的健葉(xie)有發黃現(xian)象。葉(xie)柄受(shou)害后(hou)(hou)，初(chu)(chu)期(qi)表現(xian)為水漬狀(zhuang)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，后(hou)(hou)期(qi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)呈(cheng)現(xian)黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)干縮，致(zhi)使葉(xie)片脫落。莖(jing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou)害后(hou)(hou)，初(chu)(chu)期(qi)會產(chan)生褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)點，后(hou)(hou)期(qi)逐漸擴(kuo)大成(cheng)圓形(xing)、橢(tuo)圓形(xing)或不(bu)規(gui)則(ze)形(xing)的黑(hei)褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑，病(bing)(bing)(bing)部(bu)(bu)(bu)略下陷或者干縮，天(tian)氣潮濕時(shi)可(ke)見粉紅色(se)(se)(se)粘狀(zhuang)物或黑(hei)色(se)(se)(se)小(xiao)點。

2.3、防(fang)治方法： 要在收獲后清掃(sao)山(shan)(shan)藥殘體(ti)枝葉及雜草落葉，并(bing)集中燒(shao)埋，減少各病(bing)(bing)(bing)原物； 要適當更新架材，減少架材上寄生的病(bing)(bing)(bing)原物。在栽培過程中要設法降低土壤(rang)濕度，改善通風通光(guang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。由于當地特殊(shu)的氣候和土壤(rang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)，及深挖坑、高起壟(long)、搭(da)支架的栽培方式(shi)，并(bing)進行輪作種植，山(shan)(shan)藥的病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲害很(hen)少發(fa)生，農戶普遍(bian)不用農藥防(fang)治。

六(liu).包裝標識相關規定

地域范(fan)圍內的(de)安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)藥(yao)生產(chan)經營者，在(zai)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)包裝上(shang)使用(yong)安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)藥(yao)的(de)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)，須向登記證書持(chi)有人提出(chu)申(shen)請。并按規定生產(chan)和使用(yong)標(biao)志(zhi)，在(zai)其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)其(qi)包裝上(shang)統一使用(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)（安(an)(an)順(shun)山(shan)藥(yao)名稱和公共標(biao)識圖案結合標(biao)注形(xing)式(shi)）。