一、自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
黔南(nan)州地(di)處云貴(gui)高原(yuan)東南(nan)部向廣(guang)西丘(qiu)陵(ling)過(guo)度的(de)斜坡地(di)帶(dai),山川秀(xiu)美、氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)優(you)越、生態良好(hao)、水土肥沃,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海撥997米,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫16.2℃,年降雨量1400毫米,森(sen)林覆蓋率(lv)達(da)53.76%,屬典型的(de)亞熱帶(dai)濕潤季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,“低緯度、高海拔(ba)、寡日照、多云霧、無污(wu)染”兼備,特(te)殊的(de)地(di)理環(huan)境(jing),造(zao)就多種氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)交匯現象,優(you)良的(de)生態環(huan)境(jing)特(te)別適宜(yi)優(you)質(zhi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉生產。俗話說“高山云霧出(chu)好(hao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)”,境(jing)內生產的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)葉集(ji)山水之(zhi)靈氣(qi)(qi),采日月之(zhi)精華(hua),茶(cha)(cha)(cha)氨酸、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多酚、蛋白質(zhi)等水浸出(chu)物平(ping)均(jun)(jun)含量均(jun)(jun)高于國(guo)家綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)標準。
二、地域范圍
都勻(yun)毛尖茶地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范圍為(wei):貴州省黔(qian)南州都勻(yun)市、貴定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甕安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、獨(du)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、福泉市、荔波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、龍里縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等12個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(市)。地(di)(di)理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)106°12′~108°18′,北緯(wei)25°04′~27°29′之間。保(bao)護總面積26197平方公里。種植面積200萬畝,年產量10萬噸(dun)。
三、產品品質特性特征
1、外在感觀特(te)征:外形(xing)勻整、白毫顯露、條索緊細卷曲、色澤綠中帶黃(huang)、香氣清嫩、滋(zi)味鮮濃、回味甘甜、湯色清澈、葉(xie)底(di)明亮、芽頭肥壯(zhuang),素以“三(san)綠透三(san)黃(huang)”的品(pin)質特(te)征著稱于世,即干茶色澤綠中帶黃(huang),湯色綠中透黃(huang),葉(xie)底(di)綠中顯黃(huang)。
2、內(nei)在(zai)品質(zhi)指標(biao):根(gen)據貴州省(sheng)農產(chan)品質(zhi)量安全檢(jian)測中心(xin)分析,都(dou)勻毛尖茶營養豐(feng)富,其中茶多酚15-22%,咖啡(fei)堿3.8-5.0%,茶氨(an)(an)酸0.9-1.5(g/100g),谷(gu)氨(an)(an)酸0.2-0.3(g/100g),酪(lao)氨(an)(an)酸0.05-0.1(g/100g),精氨(an)(an)酸0.008-0.02(g/100g)、亮氨(an)(an)酸0.03-0.05(g/100g)等。都(dou)勻毛尖茶生產(chan)嚴格按照《貴州省(sheng)地方標(biao)準-都(dou)勻毛尖茶》(DB52/T433—2015)標(biao)準規(gui)定(ding)組織生產(chan),各項質(zhi)量技術指標(biao)符合規(gui)范要求。
四、特定生產方式
都(dou)勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區域(yu)通常選擇生態條件(jian)良好(hao),遠(yuan)離污(wu)染源,坡(po)度(du)25度(du)左右的山坡(po)或丘陵(ling)地帶(dai),土壤為(wei)(wei)酸性(xing)(以PH值4.0—5.0最(zui)佳),土層深厚,最(zui)好(hao)是1m左右,一般(ban)要求(qiu)(qiu)0.5m以下且(qie)無硬石,土地盡量(liang)集中(zhong)連片,海拔高度(du)在(zai)800—1200m為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)福鼎大白中(zhong)小葉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、貴定鳥王種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、都(dou)勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)(jian)群體(ti)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),栽(zai)(zai)苗以秋末(mo)冬初(chu)和(he)早(zao)春2-3月(yue)為(wei)(wei)宜(yi),采(cai)(cai)(cai)用單(dan)(dan)行或雙行條栽(zai)(zai)方(fang)式種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,坡(po)地茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)等(deng)高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前施足有(you)機(ji)肥(fei),深度(du)為(wei)(wei)30cm—40cm,畝栽(zai)(zai)5000株左右。當苗長(chang)(chang)到20-30cm高時,在(zai)11月(yue)底(di)或次年2-3月(yue)進行修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian),距地面15-20cm處剪(jian)(jian)去主(zhu)枝,第二次修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)距上次修(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)部(bu)位高15-20cm,以此類推,連續3年定剪(jian)(jian)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)分為(wei)(wei)手工采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)和(he)機(ji)械采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。手工采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)是手提采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)法,禁(jin)止掐采(cai)(cai)(cai)和(he)帶(dai)老葉雜(za)物采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。機(ji)械采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)適宜(yi)發芽整(zheng)齊、生長(chang)(chang)勢(shi)強、采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)面平整(zheng)的茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)要求(qiu)(qiu):“五不采(cai)(cai)(cai)”,不采(cai)(cai)(cai)紫(zi)色、單(dan)(dan)片、雨水(shui)葉、病害、蟲害的芽葉;不夾帶(dai)茶(cha)(cha)蒂、茶(cha)(cha)梗、茶(cha)(cha)籽、魚葉和(he)老葉。都(dou)勻(yun)毛(mao)尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)茶(cha)(cha)青等(deng)級分類為(wei)(wei)四個級別:
1、珍品:單芽到一芽一葉(xie)初展;
2、特級:一芽一葉;
3、一級:一芽二葉;
4、二級:一(yi)芽二葉(xie)(xie)50%以上(shang),幼嫩的(de)一(yi)芽三葉(xie)(xie)及其同等嫩度對夾葉(xie)(xie)和單片葉(xie)(xie)在50%以內。都勻毛尖茶(cha)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)分為(wei)手工(gong)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)和機械加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)兩(liang)種(zhong)。手工(gong)加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi)流程:鮮葉(xie)(xie)→茶(cha)青分級→攤(tan)青→殺青→揉捻→做形(xing)→提毫→烘焙足干→出鍋→審評歸類→拼樣(yang)官堆裝(zhuang)箱→入庫(ku)貯存。機械加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝(yi):鮮葉(xie)(xie)→茶(cha)青分級→攤(tan)青→殺青→冷卻攤(tan)涼(liang)→揉捻→初烘→做形(xing)提毫→ 烘焙足干→拼樣(yang)官堆裝(zhuang)箱→入庫(ku)貯存。
五、包裝標識相關規定
本(ben)規(gui)定地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍內(nei)的都(dou)勻毛尖(jian)(jian)茶的經營(ying)者,在產品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)志,須(xu)向黔南州(zhou)茶葉產業化發展管(guan)理辦公室提出申請,按照相(xiang)關要求規(gui)范(fan)生產和(he)使(shi)用標(biao)志,統一采用都(dou)勻毛尖(jian)(jian)茶產品(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標(biao)志公共(gong)標(biao)識相(xiang)結合的標(biao)識標(biao)注方法。