一、自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
黔南州(zhou)地(di)處云貴高(gao)原(yuan)東南部向廣西丘陵過度的(de)斜坡地(di)帶,山川秀美、氣(qi)候(hou)優(you)(you)越、生(sheng)態(tai)良好、水(shui)土肥沃,平均(jun)海(hai)撥997米,年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫16.2℃,年降(jiang)雨量1400毫米,森林覆(fu)蓋率達(da)53.76%,屬典型的(de)亞熱(re)帶濕潤季風氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),“低緯(wei)度、高(gao)海(hai)拔、寡(gua)日照(zhao)、多云霧(wu)、無污染”兼備,特殊(shu)的(de)地(di)理(li)環(huan)境,造(zao)就多種氣(qi)候(hou)交匯現象,優(you)(you)良的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境特別適宜優(you)(you)質茶(cha)(cha)葉生(sheng)產。俗話說“高(gao)山云霧(wu)出(chu)好茶(cha)(cha)”,境內生(sheng)產的(de)茶(cha)(cha)葉集山水(shui)之靈氣(qi),采日月之精華(hua),茶(cha)(cha)氨酸、茶(cha)(cha)多酚、蛋(dan)白質等水(shui)浸出(chu)物平均(jun)含(han)量均(jun)高(gao)于國家綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)標(biao)準。
二、地域范圍
都(dou)勻(yun)毛尖茶地域(yu)保護(hu)范圍為(wei):貴州(zhou)省黔南州(zhou)都(dou)勻(yun)市(shi)、貴定縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、甕(weng)安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平塘縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、獨山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、福(fu)泉市(shi)、荔(li)波縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、龍里縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、三都(dou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等12個縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(市(shi))。地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)106°12′~108°18′,北緯25°04′~27°29′之間。保護(hu)總面(mian)積(ji)26197平方公里。種植面(mian)積(ji)200萬(wan)畝,年產量10萬(wan)噸。
三、產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)觀特征(zheng):外形勻整、白(bai)毫顯露、條索緊(jin)細卷(juan)曲、色(se)澤綠中(zhong)(zhong)帶(dai)黃(huang)、香氣清(qing)嫩、滋味(wei)鮮(xian)濃(nong)、回(hui)味(wei)甘(gan)甜、湯(tang)色(se)清(qing)澈(che)、葉底明亮、芽頭肥壯(zhuang),素以(yi)“三(san)綠透三(san)黃(huang)”的品質特征(zheng)著稱(cheng)于世,即干茶色(se)澤綠中(zhong)(zhong)帶(dai)黃(huang),湯(tang)色(se)綠中(zhong)(zhong)透黃(huang),葉底綠中(zhong)(zhong)顯黃(huang)。
2、內在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標(biao):根據(ju)貴州省農產品質(zhi)(zhi)量安(an)全檢測中(zhong)心分(fen)析,都勻(yun)毛尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)營養豐(feng)富,其(qi)中(zhong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)多酚(fen)15-22%,咖啡堿3.8-5.0%,茶(cha)(cha)(cha)氨酸(suan)0.9-1.5(g/100g),谷氨酸(suan)0.2-0.3(g/100g),酪氨酸(suan)0.05-0.1(g/100g),精氨酸(suan)0.008-0.02(g/100g)、亮氨酸(suan)0.03-0.05(g/100g)等(deng)。都勻(yun)毛尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)生(sheng)產嚴格按(an)照《貴州省地(di)方(fang)標(biao)準(zhun)-都勻(yun)毛尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)》(DB52/T433—2015)標(biao)準(zhun)規定組織生(sheng)產,各項質(zhi)(zhi)量技術指標(biao)符合規范要求。
四、特定生產方式
都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)栽(zai)種(zhong)區域通常(chang)選(xuan)擇生態條件(jian)良好,遠(yuan)離污(wu)染源,坡(po)度(du)(du)25度(du)(du)左右的(de)山坡(po)或(huo)丘陵地(di)帶,土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)(wei)酸性(以PH值(zhi)4.0—5.0最(zui)佳),土(tu)層深厚,最(zui)好是1m左右,一般要求0.5m以下且無硬石,土(tu)地(di)盡量集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)連片,海拔高度(du)(du)在800—1200m為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜。主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)福鼎大白(bai)中(zhong)(zhong)小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)種(zhong)、貴定鳥(niao)王種(zhong)、都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)(jian)群體種(zhong),栽(zai)苗以秋末冬初和(he)早春2-3月(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宜,采(cai)(cai)用單行或(huo)雙行條栽(zai)方式種(zhong)植,坡(po)地(di)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園等高種(zhong)種(zhong)植,種(zhong)植前施足有機(ji)(ji)肥,深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)30cm—40cm,畝栽(zai)5000株左右。當苗長(chang)到20-30cm高時(shi),在11月(yue)底或(huo)次(ci)(ci)年2-3月(yue)進(jin)行修剪,距(ju)地(di)面(mian)15-20cm處剪去主枝,第二次(ci)(ci)修剪距(ju)上次(ci)(ci)修剪部位高15-20cm,以此(ci)類推,連續3年定剪。采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)手工采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)和(he)機(ji)(ji)械采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)。手工采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)是手提(ti)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)法,禁(jin)止掐采(cai)(cai)和(he)帶老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)雜物采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)。機(ji)(ji)械采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)適宜發芽整齊、生長(chang)勢強、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)面(mian)平整的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)園。采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)(zhai)要求:“五不采(cai)(cai)”,不采(cai)(cai)紫(zi)色(se)、單片、雨水葉(xie)(xie)(xie)、病害、蟲害的(de)芽葉(xie)(xie)(xie);不夾帶茶(cha)(cha)(cha)蒂(di)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)梗、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)籽(zi)、魚葉(xie)(xie)(xie)和(he)老(lao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)。都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)(jian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)青(qing)等級(ji)分類為(wei)(wei)(wei)四個級(ji)別:
1、珍品:單芽到(dao)一芽一葉初(chu)展;
2、特級:一芽一葉;
3、一(yi)級:一(yi)芽二葉;
4、二級:一芽二葉(xie)50%以上,幼(you)嫩的一芽三葉(xie)及其同(tong)等嫩度對夾葉(xie)和(he)單片葉(xie)在50%以內。都(dou)勻毛尖茶的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)分為手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)和(he)機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)兩(liang)種。手(shou)工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)流(liu)程:鮮(xian)葉(xie)→茶青(qing)(qing)分級→攤青(qing)(qing)→殺(sha)青(qing)(qing)→揉捻(nian)→做形→提(ti)毫(hao)→烘焙足(zu)干→出(chu)鍋→審評(ping)歸類→拼(pin)樣官(guan)堆裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)→入(ru)庫(ku)(ku)貯存。機械(xie)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi):鮮(xian)葉(xie)→茶青(qing)(qing)分級→攤青(qing)(qing)→殺(sha)青(qing)(qing)→冷(leng)卻攤涼→揉捻(nian)→初烘→做形提(ti)毫(hao)→ 烘焙足(zu)干→拼(pin)樣官(guan)堆裝(zhuang)箱(xiang)→入(ru)庫(ku)(ku)貯存。
五、包裝標識相關規定
本規(gui)定地(di)域范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)都勻(yun)毛尖茶(cha)的(de)經營者,在產(chan)品或(huo)包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)使用農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志,須(xu)向黔南州茶(cha)葉產(chan)業化發展管理(li)辦公室提出申請,按照相關要求規(gui)范(fan)(fan)生產(chan)和使用標志,統一采用都勻(yun)毛尖茶(cha)產(chan)品名(ming)稱和農產(chan)品地(di)理(li)標志公共標識相結(jie)合的(de)標識標注(zhu)方法。