一、自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
黔南州地處云貴高(gao)(gao)原東(dong)南部向(xiang)廣西丘陵(ling)過度的(de)斜坡地帶,山川秀美、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候優(you)越、生(sheng)態良好(hao)、水(shui)土肥沃,平(ping)均海撥997米,年平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.2℃,年降雨量(liang)(liang)1400毫米,森林(lin)覆蓋率達53.76%,屬典型的(de)亞熱帶濕潤季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區(qu),“低(di)緯度、高(gao)(gao)海拔、寡日照、多(duo)云霧(wu)(wu)、無污染”兼備,特(te)殊的(de)地理環境(jing),造就多(duo)種氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候交匯現象,優(you)良的(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)特(te)別適宜(yi)優(you)質(zhi)茶(cha)葉生(sheng)產。俗(su)話說“高(gao)(gao)山云霧(wu)(wu)出好(hao)茶(cha)”,境(jing)內(nei)生(sheng)產的(de)茶(cha)葉集山水(shui)之(zhi)靈(ling)氣(qi)(qi)(qi),采日月之(zhi)精(jing)華,茶(cha)氨(an)酸、茶(cha)多(duo)酚、蛋(dan)白質(zhi)等水(shui)浸出物(wu)平(ping)均含(han)量(liang)(liang)均高(gao)(gao)于國(guo)家綠茶(cha)標準(zhun)。
二、地域范圍
都勻毛尖茶地(di)域保(bao)護范圍為:貴(gui)州省(sheng)黔南(nan)州都勻市(shi)、貴(gui)定縣(xian)(xian)、甕安(an)縣(xian)(xian)、平(ping)塘縣(xian)(xian)、惠水縣(xian)(xian)、獨山縣(xian)(xian)、福(fu)泉(quan)市(shi)、荔波縣(xian)(xian)、羅甸縣(xian)(xian)、長順縣(xian)(xian)、龍(long)里(li)縣(xian)(xian)、三都縣(xian)(xian)等12個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)(市(shi))。地(di)理坐標為東經(jing)106°12′~108°18′,北緯25°04′~27°29′之間(jian)。保(bao)護總(zong)面(mian)積26197平(ping)方(fang)公里(li)。種(zhong)植面(mian)積200萬畝,年產量10萬噸。
三、產品品質特性特征
1、外在感(gan)觀特征(zheng):外形勻(yun)整、白毫顯露(lu)、條索緊細卷曲、色(se)(se)澤綠(lv)中帶黃(huang)、香氣清嫩(nen)、滋味鮮濃、回味甘甜、湯色(se)(se)清澈、葉底明亮、芽頭肥(fei)壯(zhuang),素(su)以(yi)“三綠(lv)透(tou)三黃(huang)”的品質特征(zheng)著稱(cheng)于(yu)世,即干茶色(se)(se)澤綠(lv)中帶黃(huang),湯色(se)(se)綠(lv)中透(tou)黃(huang),葉底綠(lv)中顯黃(huang)。
2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標:根據貴(gui)州省農產品質(zhi)量安全檢測中心(xin)分析(xi),都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)茶(cha)營養豐(feng)富,其中茶(cha)多酚15-22%,咖(ka)啡堿3.8-5.0%,茶(cha)氨酸0.9-1.5(g/100g),谷氨酸0.2-0.3(g/100g),酪氨酸0.05-0.1(g/100g),精氨酸0.008-0.02(g/100g)、亮氨酸0.03-0.05(g/100g)等。都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)茶(cha)生產嚴(yan)格(ge)按照《貴(gui)州省地方標準-都(dou)(dou)勻毛尖(jian)茶(cha)》(DB52/T433—2015)標準規定組織生產,各項(xiang)質(zhi)量技術指標符合(he)規范要求(qiu)。
四、特定生產方式
都勻(yun)毛尖茶(cha)(cha)栽種(zhong)(zhong)區域(yu)通常選(xuan)擇生態條(tiao)(tiao)件良好,遠離污染源(yuan),坡度(du)25度(du)左右的山坡或丘陵地帶(dai)(dai)(dai),土(tu)壤為(wei)(wei)酸性(xing)(以PH值4.0—5.0最佳(jia)),土(tu)層深厚,最好是1m左右,一般要(yao)求0.5m以下且無硬石,土(tu)地盡量集(ji)中連(lian)(lian)片,海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度(du)在800—1200m為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi)。主(zhu)栽品種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)福鼎大(da)白中小葉(xie)種(zhong)(zhong)、貴(gui)定鳥(niao)王種(zhong)(zhong)、都勻(yun)毛尖群體(ti)種(zhong)(zhong),栽苗(miao)以秋末冬(dong)初(chu)和(he)(he)(he)早春(chun)2-3月為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)(yi),采(cai)(cai)用單行或雙行條(tiao)(tiao)栽方(fang)式種(zhong)(zhong)植,坡地茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)等(deng)高(gao)(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)植,種(zhong)(zhong)植前施(shi)足有機肥,深度(du)為(wei)(wei)30cm—40cm,畝(mu)栽5000株左右。當苗(miao)長到20-30cm高(gao)(gao)時,在11月底(di)或次(ci)年2-3月進(jin)行修剪(jian),距(ju)地面(mian)15-20cm處(chu)剪(jian)去主(zhu)枝,第二(er)次(ci)修剪(jian)距(ju)上(shang)次(ci)修剪(jian)部位高(gao)(gao)15-20cm,以此類推,連(lian)(lian)續(xu)3年定剪(jian)。采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)分為(wei)(wei)手工采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)和(he)(he)(he)機械采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。手工采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)是手提采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)法(fa),禁止掐采(cai)(cai)和(he)(he)(he)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)老葉(xie)雜物(wu)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)。機械采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)適宜(yi)(yi)發芽(ya)整齊、生長勢(shi)強、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)面(mian)平整的茶(cha)(cha)園(yuan)。采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)要(yao)求:“五不(bu)采(cai)(cai)”,不(bu)采(cai)(cai)紫色、單片、雨水葉(xie)、病害、蟲害的芽(ya)葉(xie);不(bu)夾帶(dai)(dai)(dai)茶(cha)(cha)蒂(di)、茶(cha)(cha)梗(geng)、茶(cha)(cha)籽、魚葉(xie)和(he)(he)(he)老葉(xie)。都勻(yun)毛尖茶(cha)(cha)茶(cha)(cha)青(qing)等(deng)級(ji)(ji)分類為(wei)(wei)四個(ge)級(ji)(ji)別:
1、珍(zhen)品:單芽(ya)(ya)到一芽(ya)(ya)一葉(xie)初(chu)展;
2、特級:一芽一葉;
3、一級:一芽(ya)二葉;
4、二級(ji):一芽(ya)二葉(xie)50%以上,幼(you)嫩(nen)的(de)一芽(ya)三葉(xie)及其同等(deng)嫩(nen)度對夾葉(xie)和單片葉(xie)在50%以內。都勻毛(mao)尖(jian)茶的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝分為手工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝和機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝兩(liang)種(zhong)。手工(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程:鮮葉(xie)→茶青(qing)(qing)分級(ji)→攤(tan)青(qing)(qing)→殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)→揉捻→做形→提毫(hao)→烘(hong)焙足干→出鍋→審評歸類→拼樣官堆(dui)(dui)裝箱→入(ru)庫貯存(cun)。機(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝:鮮葉(xie)→茶青(qing)(qing)分級(ji)→攤(tan)青(qing)(qing)→殺(sha)(sha)青(qing)(qing)→冷(leng)卻(que)攤(tan)涼→揉捻→初烘(hong)→做形提毫(hao)→ 烘(hong)焙足干→拼樣官堆(dui)(dui)裝箱→入(ru)庫貯存(cun)。
五、包裝標識相關規定
本規定地(di)(di)域范圍內(nei)的(de)(de)都勻(yun)(yun)毛尖(jian)茶的(de)(de)經營(ying)者,在產(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝上使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi),須向黔南(nan)州茶葉(xie)產(chan)業化發展(zhan)管理辦公室提出申請(qing),按(an)照相(xiang)關要(yao)求規范生產(chan)和使(shi)用(yong)標志(zhi)(zhi),統一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)都勻(yun)(yun)毛尖(jian)茶產(chan)品(pin)名稱和農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志(zhi)(zhi)公共標識(shi)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)標識(shi)標注方法。