一.產品介紹
延壽(shou)縣種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)至(zhi)今(jin)已有(you)近100年(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。據《延壽(shou)縣志》記載,建縣(1903年(nian)(nian))開始農(nong)民(min)就種(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)民(min)國20年(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積已達53.6萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。由于日(ri)本侵(qin)略者的(de)掠(lve)奪,大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產受(shou)到(dao)(dao)(dao)影(ying)響,到(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)43.4萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積減少到(dao)(dao)(dao)18萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)。從(cong)1981年(nian)(nian)開始試驗示范并推廣東農(nong)26大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)新(xin)品種(zhong)及高產栽培技(ji)術,逐步(bu)結束大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)工埯(an)種(zhong)、扣種(zhong)的(de)傳(chuan)統種(zhong)植(zhi)技(ji)術。實(shi)行起壟合理密植(zhi)栽培技(ji)術。大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)產量(liang)有(you)原來的(de)畝(mu)產100-150斤,一(yi)躍(yue)提(ti)升到(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤,實(shi)現翻番(fan)增(zeng)(zeng)產。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)在肥料使用(yong)上(shang),結合有(you)機肥逐步(bu)增(zeng)(zeng)施化(hua)肥用(yong)量(liang),在除(chu)草(cao)方面(mian)(mian)結合人(ren)工中耕除(chu)草(cao)逐步(bu)推行化(hua)學除(chu)草(cao),減輕農(nong)民(min)勞動量(liang)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),到(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)積發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),產量(liang)9萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)。全面(mian)(mian)整合大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)品種(zhong),按區域布局和(he)積溫區劃,全縣主(zhu)推五(wu)黑農(nong)54、黑農(nong)48、黑農(nong)38、黑農(nong)44和(he)合豐45等核心(xin)品種(zhong),良種(zhong)化(hua)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)(dao)95%以(yi)上(shang)。
二.自然(ran)生態環(huan)境和人文歷史因(yin)素
本部分內容主要表述(shu)影響延壽大豆(dou)(dou)品質(zhi)、特(te)色形成和保持的下(xia)列(lie)內容: (1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)(di)貌情況:延壽大豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)產地(di)(di)(di)域地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦,無工業(ye)“三廢”污(wu)染,地(di)(di)(di)凈田(tian)潔,土(tu)質(zhi)肥沃,為(wei)黑(hei)粘土(tu)、沙壤土(tu)質(zhi),地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼,土(tu)壤有機(ji)質(zhi)含量3%—6%,自然肥力較(jiao)高,特(te)別適合大豆(dou)(dou)生(sheng)長。
(2)水(shui)文(wen)情況:黑龍江(jiang)省哈爾濱市延壽縣境(jing)內(nei)有(you)螞蜒河、亮珠河兩大水(shui)系,該基(ji)地位于(yu)灌溉區上(shang)游(you),無任(ren)何污染(ran)。氣候溫和,光照充(chong)(chong)足,雨量充(chong)(chong)沛,生態環境(jing)良好,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率在46.9%。現有(you)中(zhong)型水(shui)庫(ku)2座,小型水(shui)庫(ku)25座,萬(wan)畝(mu)以(yi)上(shang)灌區10處,提水(shui)灌溉站(zhan)點617處,塘(tang)壩1,600座。
(3)延壽(shou)縣(xian)地處中緯度亞洲大(da)陸東側(ce),屬中溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大(da)陸性季風氣(qi)候。全縣(xian)年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2.6℃。歷年最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)-42.6℃,歷年最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)35℃,多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)螞(ma)蜒河兩岸為(wei)(wei)(wei)2493.5℃,山區(qu)(qu)與平(ping)原過渡(du)地帶(dai)丘陵漫崗區(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)2300℃左右。多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜(shuang)期為(wei)(wei)(wei)122—129天。縣(xian)境內年平(ping)均(jun)降水量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)570.9毫米,年平(ping)均(jun)日照時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)2490.1小時,延壽(shou)縣(xian)的氣(qi)候特點是典(dian)型的水旱兼作(zuo)農業(ye)氣(qi)候區(qu)(qu)。
(4)人(ren)文歷史情況:延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至今已有(you)(you)近100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史。據《延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)志》記載,建縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開始農民(min)就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)民(min)國20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已達(da)536820畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)偽康德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))猛增(zeng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。由于(yu)日本侵略者的(de)掠奪,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產受到(dao)(dao)(dao)影響(xiang),到(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)下(xia)降到(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植186913畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),牧場(chang)(chang)234斤(jin)。總產4379萬(wan)斤(jin)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始試驗示(shi)范并推(tui)廣(guang)東農26大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高產栽培技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),逐(zhu)步結束大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。實行(xing)起壟(long)合(he)(he)(he)理密植栽培技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產量(liang)(liang)有(you)(you)原來(lai)的(de)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產100-150斤(jin),一(yi)躍提升到(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤(jin),實現翻番增(zeng)產。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)肥料使(shi)用(yong)(yong)上(shang),結合(he)(he)(he)有(you)(you)機肥逐(zhu)步增(zeng)施化肥用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang),在(zai)除草方面(mian)(mian)(mian)結合(he)(he)(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)中耕除草逐(zhu)步推(tui)行(xing)化學除草,減(jian)輕(qing)農民(min)勞動(dong)量(liang)(liang)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由于(yu)高效經(jing)濟(ji)作物的(de)迅(xun)速(su)發展,部分農民(min)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植經(jing)濟(ji)作物,到(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),從2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia),到(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),產量(liang)(liang)6萬(wan)噸(dun)。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)整合(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按(an)區(qu)(qu)域布局和(he)積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫區(qu)(qu)劃,全(quan)縣(xian)主推(tui)五黑農54、黑農48、黑農38、黑農44和(he)合(he)(he)(he)豐(feng)(feng)45等核心品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上(shang)。全(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)推(tui)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)龍三栽培豐(feng)(feng)產技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、機械播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、平(ping)衡施肥技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。自(zi)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始實施品(pin)牌戰略,引進大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)深加(jia)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye):哈爾(er)濱延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)香(xiang)(xiang)其醬(jiang)業(ye)有(you)(you)限(xian)公司和(he)哈爾(er)濱延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)永(yong)和(he)食品(pin)有(you)(you)限(xian)公司。重點打造“香(xiang)(xiang)其”品(pin)牌和(he)“永(yong)和(he)”品(pin)牌,把延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行(xing)深加(jia)工(gong)(gong)使(shi)延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)成“香(xiang)(xiang)其”牌豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)及其香(xiang)(xiang)辣醬(jiang)和(he)香(xiang)(xiang)其醬(jiang),走出(chu)省門打入南(nan)方市場(chang)(chang),其品(pin)牌越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)亮,越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)響(xiang)。目前,“永(yong)和(he)”品(pin)牌已成為中國馳名(ming)商標(biao),“香(xiang)(xiang)其”牌發展為省著名(ming)商標(biao)。這兩家企(qi)業(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)近2萬(wan)噸(dun)。延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)經(jing)檢測,沒有(you)(you)農藥殘(can)留和(he)重金屬殘(can)留,非常適合(he)(he)(he)做豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)。是(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)香(xiang)(xiang)其醬(jiang)的(de)優質原料。
三.地域范圍
地理位(wei)置為: 位(wei)于黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)東(dong)南部,張(zhang)廣才嶺西麓,松花江南岸的螞蜒河(he)中(zhong)游。東(dong)經127°54'20″至(zhi)129°04'30″,北(bei)緯45°10'10″至(zhi)45°45'25″,西部、南部與(yu)尚(shang)志市(shi)為鄰,東(dong)北(bei)與(yu)方(fang)正縣(xian)(xian)接壤,西北(bei)與(yu)賓縣(xian)(xian)毗(pi)連。東(dong)西長90公(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)寬65公(gong)(gong)里,幅員面積(ji)3,149.55平方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。全縣(xian)(xian)有5鎮(zhen)4鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)106個行政村(cun),耕地面積(ji)161.5萬(wan)畝。地理標志保護區域94600公(gong)(gong)頃,包括(kuo)延壽鎮(zhen)、六(liu)團(tuan)鎮(zhen)、安山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、壽山(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、玉(yu)河(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、延河(he)鎮(zhen)、青川鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)7個鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)的旱(han)田大豆(dou)主產區,大豆(dou)面積(ji)33300公(gong)(gong)頃。產大豆(dou)7萬(wan)噸左右。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
本(ben)部分內容(rong)主要表(biao)述反映登記產品(pin)特(te)(te)有(you)的品(pin)質(zhi)特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征和產品(pin)質(zhi)量安全方面遵(zun)循的規定,主要包(bao)括:
(1)外在(zai)感官特征:延壽大(da)豆多為(wei)扁圓和長(chang)橢圓形,粒形較小,籽粒飽滿,百粒重19-21克左(zuo)右。粒色一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)色、淡黃(huang)(huang)色。臍色為(wei)淡黃(huang)(huang)色。表面光滑(hua),硬度好。
(2)內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)指標:由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)延壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)多(duo)種于(yu)(yu)(yu)山地,其(qi)內在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)和營養成分明顯優(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)熟地栽培(pei)。經農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)谷物及制(zhi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監督(du)檢(jian)驗測(ce)試中心檢(jian)測(ce)粗蛋白(干(gan) 基(ji))含量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)40%、粗脂肪含量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)20%。粗纖(xian)維(wei)含量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)9%、每(mei)(mei)100g延壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)含a-維(wei)生素E含量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含鈣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)140mg、含鐵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)8mg、每(mei)(mei)千(qian)克大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)含鋅大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)43mg、含硒大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種氨(an)基(ji)酸含量(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)35%,非常(chang)適(shi)合加(jia)工優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang)。 目前,延壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)栽培(pei)主要(yao)分布在(zai)南北(bei)山區后(hou)開發耕地,土壤(rang)(rang)以(yi)(yi)沙壤(rang)(rang)土為主,土壤(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)在(zai)5%以(yi)(yi)上,使用少(shao)量(liang)的(de)化肥和農(nong)藥就可以(yi)(yi)獲得優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)高產大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou),沒有農(nong)藥殘留(liu)。另(ling)外,南北(bei)山區是(shi)延壽縣第三(san)、第四積溫區,晝夜溫差大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),積累干(gan)物質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo),內在(zai)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)高。以(yi)(yi)延壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)為原料做的(de)豆(dou)(dou)瓣(ban)醬(jiang)(jiang),經哈爾濱延壽香其(qi)醬(jiang)(jiang)業(ye)有限公司(si)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2008年(nian)12月29日,依據GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、農(nong)藥殘留(liu)三(san)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)類190個子(zi)項經普尼測(ce)試,檢(jian)測(ce)結果全(quan)部(bu)合格。說明延壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)安(an)全(quan)水平高。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要求:延壽(shou)大豆在生產(chan)和加工過程中嚴格(ge)執行大豆農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標志質量(liang)控制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)規范。大豆產(chan)地環境條(tiao)件(jian)符合《無公害食品(pin)、大田(tian)作物產(chan)地環境條(tiao)件(jian)(NY5332-2006)》等相關(guan)文件(jian)的要求,無公害食品(pin)大豆,GB/T 8321農(nong)藥合理(li)使用(yong)標準(zhun),GB428農(nong)藥安(an)全(quan)使用(yong)規定標準(zhun)等國家強(qiang)制(zhi)性(xing)規定。
五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式(shi)
(1)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)與選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)茬(cha) 要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇地(di)勢平坦、耕層深(shen)厚(hou)、土(tu)壤肥力較高(gao)、經(jing)過(guo)(guo)伏(fu)、秋翻或耙茬(cha)深(shen)松整地(di)的(de)地(di)塊(kuai),前(qian)茬(cha)以玉米、馬(ma)鈴薯(shu)為主,不(bu)重茬(cha),不(bu)迎茬(cha)。 (2)種(zhong)子(zi)及其處理 A品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 根據(ju)當地(di)生態條件(jian),因地(di)制宜(yi)的(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇經(jing)過(guo)(guo)省(sheng)農作物品(pin)種(zhong)審定委員會審定通過(guo)(guo)的(de)優(you)質高(gao)產、熟(shu)期適宜(yi)、喜肥水(shui)、抗逆性(xing)強的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)或專用品(pin)種(zhong)。大豆45厘米雙(shuang)條密植栽培技術要(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇矮(ai)稈、半矮(ai)稈、耐密稈強抗倒伏(fu)優(you)質高(gao)產品(pin)種(zhong)。 B種(zhong)子(zi)精選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、處理 種(zhong)子(zi)播前(qian)要(yao)進行精選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),使(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)純(chun)度、凈度不(bu)低于(yu)98%,發芽率不(bu)低于(yu)90%,含水(shui)量不(bu)高(gao)于(yu)12%。
①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包(bao)衣(yi)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前用35%多克福大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣(yi)劑包(bao)衣(yi)。防(fang)治大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)根腐病可(ke)用2.5%的適樂(le)時(shi)懸浮(fu)劑拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)根潛葉蠅(ying)、蠐螬等(deng)地下害(hai)蟲可(ke)用50%的辛硫(liu)磷(lin)拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),陰干(gan)后即可(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ②微肥拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。畝產(chan)200公斤、220公斤地塊(kuai)可(ke)選用鉬酸(suan)銨、硼鉬微復肥等(deng)進(jin)行拌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)提高大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)出苗(miao)率和(he)固氮能力,陰干(gan)后可(ke)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)包(bao)衣(yi)。
(3)施(shi)肥 A施(shi)底肥 結合整地200公斤(jin)地塊(kuai)每公頃施(shi)腐熟的有機肥(有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)8%以上)30噸,畝產250公斤(jin)地塊(kuai)每公頃施(shi)腐熟的有機肥(有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)8%以上)45噸,結合秋整地做底肥一次施(shi)入。 B種肥
①施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)原(yuan)則(ze)。采(cai)用(yong)測土(tu)配(pei)方平衡施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),各地(di)可根據測土(tu)結果因地(di)制宜確(que)定(ding)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量。
②參考(kao)施肥(fei)量。畝產(chan)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化肥(fei)使用量尿(niao)素要在(zai)45—50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸二(er)(er)銨(an)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸鉀50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝產(chan)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化肥(fei)使用量尿(niao)素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸二(er)(er)銨(an)175公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸鉀75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you);畝產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化肥(fei)使用量尿(niao)素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),磷酸二(er)(er)銨(an)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you),硫(liu)酸鉀100公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)(you)(you)。
③施肥(fei)方(fang)式。在播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的同時施入種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)要做到分層側(ce)深施,一般分上下(xia)二(er)層施肥(fei),上層施在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)5~6厘(li)(li)米處,切忌種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)肥(fei)同位,以(yi)免燒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),施肥(fei)量占(zhan)(zhan)總施肥(fei)量的1/3。下(xia)層施在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)12~14厘(li)(li)米處;肥(fei)量占(zhan)(zhan)總施肥(fei)量的2/3。(4)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 播(bo)期(qi):
①5月(yue)5日至(zhi)5月(yue)10日。 ②播(bo)(bo)法 機(ji)(ji)(ji)械壟(long)上雙行等距(ju)精量(liang)(liang)(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong),選(xuan)擇氣吸式播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)2BT—2型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji),65~70厘(li)(li)米行距(ju);45厘(li)(li)米窄(zhai)行密植地塊應用2BTG-3型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)精量(liang)(liang)(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang) 根據品種(zhong)特性、肥水條(tiao)(tiao)件及栽培(pei)(pei)方(fang)式而(er)定。 公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)=公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗數×百粒重(g)/凈度(du)(%)×發芽率(%)×105×{1+田(tian)間損失率(%)}田(tian)間損失率以10%計(ji)算,實(shi)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)與計(ji)算誤差為±3%。 壟(long)三”栽培(pei)(pei)技術(shu)要(yao)求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗25-30萬株(zhu);45厘(li)(li)米雙條(tiao)(tiao)密植栽培(pei)(pei)技術(shu)要(yao)求公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)保苗35-40萬株(zhu)。 ④播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)質量(liang)(liang)(liang) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)均(jun)勻無斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),20厘(li)(li)米內無籽(zi)為斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao),每5米斷(duan)條(tiao)(tiao)不超(chao)過(guo)一處。機(ji)(ji)(ji)械壟(long)上播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)時應對準壟(long)頂中心,偏差為±3厘(li)(li)米。
(5)田間管理
A中耕(geng) 當大(da)豆拱土(tu)時(shi),進(jin)行鏟前(qian)深松。出苗(miao)后(hou)及時(shi)鏟趟,做到兩鏟三趟,鏟趟傷苗(miao)率小于3%。后(hou)期拔凈大(da)草。
B灌(guan)水(shui)(shui) 根(gen)據(ju)旱情和生(sheng)長發育需(xu)水(shui)(shui)規律(lv)各地要因(yin)地制宜(yi)進行(xing)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)。
C促(cu)控結合(he) 大(da)(da)豆(dou)前期(qi)長(chang)勢(shi)較弱時,在大(da)(da)豆(dou)初花期(qi)每(mei)公(gong)頃用尿素(su)10公(gong)斤加(jia)(jia)磷酸(suan)二氫(qing)鉀1.5-2.5公(gong)斤溶于500公(gong)斤水中噴(pen)施,并根據需要加(jia)(jia)入硼鉬等(deng)微量元素(su)肥料。大(da)(da)豆(dou)植株生長(chang)旺盛,在初花期(qi)選用多效唑(zuo)、三碘苯甲酸(suan)等(deng)化(hua)控劑進行調控,控制大(da)(da)豆(dou)徒長(chang),防止(zhi)后(hou)期(qi)倒伏(fu)。
D化學除草
①播后苗(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian)土(tu)壤封(feng)閉處理(li)。春季干旱區提(ti)倡苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后除草,如土(tu)壤墑情好可(ke)采取(qu)土(tu)壤封(feng)閉處理(li)。在(zai)大豆播后出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)前(qian),每(mei)公(gong)頃用90%乙草胺(禾耐斯)1800~2250毫升加48%廣滅靈800~1000毫升對(dui)水450公(gong)斤土(tu)壤噴霧(wu)。
②莖(jing)葉處理(li)。在(zai)大豆(dou)出苗(miao)后,雜草(cao)2~4葉期,每(mei)公頃用5%精禾草(cao)克乳(ru)油750~900毫升加25%的氟(fu)磺胺草(cao)醚1000~1500毫升,對水450公斤噴(pen)霧(wu)。
E病蟲害(hai)綜合(he)防治
①蚜蟲。點片發生并有5%~10%的(de)植株(zhu)卷葉(xie)或有蚜株(zhu)率達到50%時(shi),百株(zhu)蚜量(liang)達1500頭以上,天(tian)敵(di)數量(liang)很少(shao)時(shi),每公頃用10%的(de)吡蟲啉1500克(ke)對水450~500公斤噴霧。
②大豆食(shi)心蟲。當上(shang)(shang)一年的蟲食(shi)率達到5%以上(shang)(shang)時達到防治(zhi)指標,每(mei)公(gong)頃用(yong)80%敵(di)敵(di)畏乳油1500~2000毫升制成毒棍,每(mei)4壟插(cha)一行(xing),每(mei)5m插(cha)一根(gen),或用(yong)菊酯類的農藥常(chang)規噴霧。
③草地螟。大(da)豆(dou)百(bai)株有幼蟲30頭~50頭,大(da)部分幼蟲3齡期(qi),可用2.5%敵(di)殺死(si)225~300毫升對(dui)水450~500公斤常規噴霧。
④大豆菌核病(bing)。7月(yue)初用25%施保克1500毫升/公頃或(huo)40%菌核凈1050克/公頃于發病(bing)初期(qi)噴一次(ci),隔7天~10天再噴一次(ci)。
(6)收獲 A收獲時(shi)期 人工收獲,落葉(xie)達90%時(shi)進(jin)行;機(ji)械聯合收割(ge),葉(xie)片全部落凈、豆(dou)粒歸圓時(shi)進(jin)行。 B收割(ge)質量 割(ge)茬低,不(bu)留(liu)莢,割(ge)茬高度以不(bu)留(liu)底莢為準,一般為5~6厘米。收割(ge)損(sun)失率(lv)小(xiao)于(yu)1%,脫粒損(sun)失率(lv)小(xiao)于(yu)2%,破碎率(lv)小(xiao)于(yu)5%,泥花臉(lian)率(lv)小(xiao)于(yu)5%,清潔率(lv)大于(yu)95%。
六.包裝標(biao)識(shi)相關規(gui)定
(1)延(yan)壽大(da)豆(dou)的分(fen)級:延(yan)壽大(da)豆(dou)分(fen)為三個(ge)等(deng)級,為一等(deng)大(da)豆(dou),二等(deng)大(da)豆(dou) 和三等(deng)大(da)豆(dou)。
(2)標(biao)識(shi):標(biao)志使(shi)用人應在(zai)其產品或包裝(zhuang)上統一使(shi)用農產品地理標(biao)志( 延壽大(da)豆名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)識(shi)圖(tu)案組(zu)合標(biao)注形式)。
(3)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):編(bian)織(zhi)袋包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),規格25公斤/袋。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)符合(he)國家糧食(shi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)衛生要求,并符合(he)環(huan)境保(bao)護的要求。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料(liao)堅固、清潔、干燥、無(wu)任何昆 蟲傳播(bo)、真菌污(wu)染及不(bu)良氣味。
(4)貯存(cun)(cun):在避光、常(chang)溫、干燥和有(you)防潮(chao)設(she)施處貯存(cun)(cun)。 原料(liao)按指定原料(liao)庫(ku)貯存(cun)(cun),貯存(cun)(cun)數量,執行管理規定。貯存(cun)(cun)庫(ku)房清潔、干燥、通(tong)風良好,無蟲害(hai)及鼠害(hai)。嚴禁與有(you)毒、有(you)害(hai)、有(you)腐蝕性、易(yi)發(fa)(fa)霉、發(fa)(fa) 潮(chao)、有(you)異味的物品混(hun)存(cun)(cun),成(cheng)品貯存(cun)(cun)按品種、標號(hao)、編號(hao)、生(sheng)產日(ri)期分(fen)別存(cun)(cun)放,以(yi)免(mian)混(hun)雜和受潮(chao)。
(5)運輸:運輸工具清(qing)潔、干燥(zao)、有防雨放雪設施。嚴禁與有毒(du)、有害、有腐(fu)蝕性、有異(yi)味的物品混運。