一.產品介紹
延壽(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)至今(jin)已(yi)有近100年的歷史。據《延壽(shou)縣(xian)志》記載,建縣(xian)(1903年)開始農民就(jiu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou),到(dao)(dao)民國20年(1931年),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)達53.6萬(wan)(wan)畝。由于日(ri)本侵略者的掠(lve)奪,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)生產受到(dao)(dao)影(ying)響,到(dao)(dao)1945年大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)下降到(dao)(dao)43.4萬(wan)(wan)畝。到(dao)(dao)1949年大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)減(jian)少到(dao)(dao)18萬(wan)(wan)畝。從1981年開始試驗示(shi)范并(bing)推廣(guang)東農26大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)新(xin)品種(zhong)(zhong)及高(gao)產栽(zai)培技術,逐(zhu)步結(jie)束大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)人工(gong)埯種(zhong)(zhong)、扣(kou)種(zhong)(zhong)的傳統種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)技術。實(shi)(shi)行起壟合(he)理密植(zhi)栽(zai)培技術。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)產量有原(yuan)來的畝產100-150斤,一躍提升到(dao)(dao)300-350斤,實(shi)(shi)現翻番(fan)增產。到(dao)(dao)1990年在(zai)肥料使用上(shang),結(jie)合(he)有機肥逐(zhu)步增施化(hua)肥用量,在(zai)除(chu)草方(fang)面結(jie)合(he)人工(gong)中耕除(chu)草逐(zhu)步推行化(hua)學除(chu)草,減(jian)輕農民勞動量。到(dao)(dao)1999年,大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)(wan)畝,到(dao)(dao)2007年大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)發展到(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)(wan)畝,產量9萬(wan)(wan)噸。全(quan)面整(zheng)合(he)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)品種(zhong)(zhong),按區(qu)域(yu)布局和積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫區(qu)劃,全(quan)縣(xian)主(zhu)推五黑(hei)(hei)農54、黑(hei)(hei)農48、黑(hei)(hei)農38、黑(hei)(hei)農44和合(he)豐45等核心品種(zhong)(zhong),良種(zhong)(zhong)化(hua)率達到(dao)(dao)95%以上(shang)。
二.自然生態(tai)環境和人文歷(li)史因(yin)素
本部分內容主要表述影響(xiang)延壽大(da)豆品質(zhi)、特(te)色形成和保持的下列內容: (1)土(tu)壤地(di)(di)貌情況:延壽大(da)豆生產地(di)(di)域地(di)(di)勢平坦,無工業“三廢”污染,地(di)(di)凈田潔,土(tu)質(zhi)肥沃,為(wei)黑粘土(tu)、沙壤土(tu)質(zhi),地(di)(di)勢低洼,土(tu)壤有機質(zhi)含量(liang)3%—6%,自(zi)然肥力(li)較高,特(te)別(bie)適合大(da)豆生長。
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):黑龍江省哈爾濱市(shi)延壽縣境內有(you)(you)螞蜒河、亮珠(zhu)河兩大水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,該基地位于灌(guan)溉區(qu)上(shang)游(you),無任何污染。氣候溫和(he),光照充(chong)足,雨量充(chong)沛,生態(tai)環(huan)境良好,森林覆蓋率(lv)在46.9%。現有(you)(you)中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫2座(zuo)(zuo),小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫25座(zuo)(zuo),萬畝以上(shang)灌(guan)區(qu)10處,提水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉站(zhan)點617處,塘壩1,600座(zuo)(zuo)。
(3)延壽(shou)縣地(di)處中緯(wei)度亞洲大陸(lu)東(dong)側,屬中溫(wen)帶大陸(lu)性季風氣候。全縣年平(ping)均氣溫(wen)為2.6℃。歷年最低氣溫(wen)為-42.6℃,歷年最高(gao)氣溫(wen)為35℃,多(duo)年平(ping)均積溫(wen)螞蜒(yan)河兩岸(an)為2493.5℃,山區(qu)與平(ping)原(yuan)過渡地(di)帶丘陵漫崗區(qu)為2300℃左右。多(duo)年平(ping)均無霜(shuang)期為122—129天。縣境(jing)內年平(ping)均降(jiang)水(shui)量為570.9毫米,年平(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為2490.1小時(shi),延壽(shou)縣的氣候特(te)點(dian)是典型的水(shui)旱兼作農業(ye)氣候區(qu)。
(4)人文歷史(shi)情(qing)況:延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)至(zhi)今已(yi)有近(jin)(jin)100年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)歷史(shi)。據《延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)縣(xian)志》記載,建(jian)縣(xian)(1903年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))開始(shi)農(nong)(nong)民(min)就種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)民(min)國(guo)(guo)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)已(yi)達(da)536820畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)偽康(kang)德元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1934年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))猛增(zeng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。由于(yu)日本侵略者的(de)掠奪,大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)生產(chan)(chan)受到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)影響(xiang),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)下降到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)433950畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)180120畝(mu)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)186913畝(mu),牧(mu)場(chang)234斤(jin)。總產(chan)(chan)4379萬(wan)斤(jin)。從1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)試驗示范并推(tui)廣(guang)東(dong)農(nong)(nong)26大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)新(xin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及高產(chan)(chan)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu),逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)結束大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)人工(gong)(gong)埯種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、扣種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)傳統(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)。實(shi)行(xing)起(qi)壟合(he)理(li)密植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)。大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)有原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)的(de)畝(mu)產(chan)(chan)100-150斤(jin),一躍提升到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)300-350斤(jin),實(shi)現翻番增(zeng)產(chan)(chan)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1990年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)肥(fei)料使用上,結合(he)有機肥(fei)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)增(zeng)施(shi)化肥(fei)用量(liang),在(zai)除草(cao)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)結合(he)人工(gong)(gong)中耕除草(cao)逐(zhu)步(bu)(bu)推(tui)行(xing)化學除草(cao),減輕農(nong)(nong)民(min)勞動量(liang)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),由于(yu)高效經(jing)(jing)濟作物的(de)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan),部分農(nong)(nong)民(min)大(da)(da)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)(jing)濟作物,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)1999年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)40萬(wan)畝(mu),從2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)逐(zhu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia),到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)60萬(wan)畝(mu),產(chan)(chan)量(liang)6萬(wan)噸。全面(mian)(mian)(mian)整合(he)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),按(an)區域布局(ju)和(he)(he)(he)積(ji)(ji)(ji)溫區劃(hua),全縣(xian)主推(tui)五黑(hei)(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)54、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)48、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)38、黑(hei)(hei)(hei)農(nong)(nong)44和(he)(he)(he)合(he)豐45等核心品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)化率達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)90%以(yi)上。全面(mian)(mian)(mian)推(tui)廣(guang)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)龍三栽(zai)培豐產(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)、機械(xie)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)技(ji)術(shu)、平衡(heng)施(shi)肥(fei)技(ji)術(shu)。自2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)開始(shi)實(shi)施(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)戰(zhan)略,引進大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)企業(ye):哈(ha)爾(er)濱延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)香(xiang)其醬(jiang)業(ye)有限公司(si)(si)和(he)(he)(he)哈(ha)爾(er)濱延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)永和(he)(he)(he)食品(pin)(pin)(pin)有限公司(si)(si)。重點打造“香(xiang)其”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)和(he)(he)(he)“永和(he)(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai),把延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)進行(xing)深加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)使延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)成“香(xiang)其”牌(pai)(pai)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)及其香(xiang)辣醬(jiang)和(he)(he)(he)香(xiang)其醬(jiang),走(zou)出省門打入南方市場(chang),其品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)越來(lai)越亮,越來(lai)越響(xiang)。目前,“永和(he)(he)(he)”品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)已(yi)成為中國(guo)(guo)馳名商(shang)標(biao),“香(xiang)其”牌(pai)(pai)發(fa)展(zhan)為省著名商(shang)標(biao)。這兩家企業(ye)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)近(jin)(jin)2萬(wan)噸。延(yan)壽(shou)(shou)大(da)(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)經(jing)(jing)檢測,沒有農(nong)(nong)藥殘留和(he)(he)(he)重金屬殘留,非常適合(he)做豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)瓣醬(jiang)。是加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)香(xiang)其醬(jiang)的(de)優質原(yuan)(yuan)料。
三.地域范圍
地(di)理(li)位置為: 位于黑龍江省東南部,張(zhang)廣(guang)才嶺西麓,松花江南岸的(de)(de)螞蜒河中(zhong)游(you)。東經127°54'20″至(zhi)129°04'30″,北緯45°10'10″至(zhi)45°45'25″,西部、南部與尚(shang)志市(shi)為鄰(lin),東北與方正(zheng)縣接壤(rang),西北與賓(bin)縣毗連。東西長90公(gong)里(li),南北寬(kuan)65公(gong)里(li),幅員面(mian)積3,149.55平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)。全縣有5鎮(zhen)4鄉(xiang)(xiang)106個行政村,耕(geng)地(di)面(mian)積161.5萬畝。地(di)理(li)標志保(bao)護區(qu)域(yu)94600公(gong)頃,包括延壽(shou)(shou)鎮(zhen)、六團(tuan)鎮(zhen)、安山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、壽(shou)(shou)山鄉(xiang)(xiang)、玉河鄉(xiang)(xiang)、延河鎮(zhen)、青川鄉(xiang)(xiang)7個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)旱(han)田(tian)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)主產區(qu),大(da)豆(dou)(dou)面(mian)積33300公(gong)頃。產大(da)豆(dou)(dou)7萬噸左右。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
本部分內容主(zhu)要(yao)表(biao)述反映登記產(chan)品特有的(de)品質特性特征和(he)產(chan)品質量安全(quan)方面(mian)遵(zun)循的(de)規(gui)定,主(zhu)要(yao)包括:
(1)外在感(gan)官特征:延壽大豆多為(wei)(wei)扁圓和長橢(tuo)圓形(xing),粒(li)形(xing)較小,籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿,百粒(li)重19-21克左右(you)。粒(li)色(se)一般為(wei)(wei)黃色(se)、淡(dan)黃色(se)。臍色(se)為(wei)(wei)淡(dan)黃色(se)。表面光滑,硬度好(hao)。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)(zhi)指標:由于(yu)(yu)(yu)延(yan)(yan)壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)多種于(yu)(yu)(yu)山地(di)(di),其(qi)內(nei)在質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和營養成(cheng)分明顯(xian)優于(yu)(yu)(yu)熟地(di)(di)栽培。經(jing)農(nong)業部(bu)谷物及制品質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監督檢(jian)驗測(ce)(ce)試(shi)中心檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)粗(cu)蛋(dan)白(bai)(干(gan) 基(ji))含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)40%、粗(cu)脂肪含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)20%。粗(cu)纖維含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)9%、每(mei)100g延(yan)(yan)壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)含(han)(han)a-維生素E含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.1IU、含(han)(han)鈣大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)140mg、含(han)(han)鐵大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)8mg、每(mei)千克大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)含(han)(han)鋅大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)43mg、含(han)(han)硒(xi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.01mg、17種氨基(ji)酸含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)35%,非常適合加工優質(zhi)(zhi)豆(dou)瓣醬(jiang)。 目前(qian),延(yan)(yan)壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)栽培主要分布在南北(bei)山區(qu)后開發耕地(di)(di),土壤以沙壤土為(wei)主,土壤有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)在5%以上(shang),使用(yong)少量(liang)(liang)的(de)化肥(fei)和農(nong)藥就(jiu)可以獲得優質(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)產大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou),沒(mei)有(you)農(nong)藥殘留。另外,南北(bei)山區(qu)是延(yan)(yan)壽縣(xian)第三、第四積溫區(qu),晝夜溫差大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),積累干(gan)物質(zhi)(zhi)多,內(nei)在質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)。以延(yan)(yan)壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)為(wei)原料(liao)做的(de)豆(dou)瓣醬(jiang),經(jing)哈爾濱延(yan)(yan)壽香(xiang)其(qi)醬(jiang)業有(you)限公司于(yu)(yu)(yu)2008年12月29日,依據GB/T5009.11-2003、GB/5009.12-2003,對砷(As)、鉛(Pb)、農(nong)藥殘留三大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)類190個子項(xiang)經(jing)普尼(ni)測(ce)(ce)試(shi),檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)結(jie)果全(quan)部(bu)合格。說明延(yan)(yan)壽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)豆(dou)安(an)全(quan)水平高(gao)(gao)。
(3)安全要(yao)求(qiu):延(yan)壽(shou)大(da)(da)(da)豆在生(sheng)產和加工過(guo)程(cheng)中嚴格(ge)執行大(da)(da)(da)豆農(nong)產品(pin)地理(li)(li)標志質(zhi)量控(kong)制技(ji)術規(gui)范。大(da)(da)(da)豆產地環境條(tiao)件符合(he)《無公(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)、大(da)(da)(da)田(tian)作物產地環境條(tiao)件(NY5332-2006)》等相(xiang)關文件的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),無公(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)大(da)(da)(da)豆,GB/T 8321農(nong)藥(yao)合(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)用(yong)標準(zhun),GB428農(nong)藥(yao)安全使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)定(ding)標準(zhun)等國家強制性規(gui)定(ding)。
五.特(te)定生產方(fang)式
(1)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)地(di)與選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)茬(cha) 要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)勢平坦、耕(geng)層深厚、土壤肥(fei)力較高、經過伏(fu)、秋(qiu)翻或(huo)耙茬(cha)深松整地(di)的(de)(de)地(di)塊,前茬(cha)以(yi)玉米(mi)、馬鈴薯為主,不(bu)重茬(cha),不(bu)迎茬(cha)。 (2)種(zhong)子(zi)及(ji)其處理 A品種(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze) 根據(ju)當地(di)生態條件,因(yin)地(di)制宜的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)經過省農作物品種(zhong)審定(ding)委員會審定(ding)通過的(de)(de)優質高產、熟期適宜、喜肥(fei)水、抗逆(ni)性強的(de)(de)品種(zhong)或(huo)專用品種(zhong)。大豆45厘米(mi)雙條密植栽培技(ji)術(shu)要(yao)(yao)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)矮(ai)稈(gan)、半矮(ai)稈(gan)、耐密稈(gan)強抗倒(dao)伏(fu)優質高產品種(zhong)。 B種(zhong)子(zi)精選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、處理 種(zhong)子(zi)播前要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行精選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),使(shi)種(zhong)子(zi)純度、凈度不(bu)低于98%,發(fa)芽率不(bu)低于90%,含水量不(bu)高于12%。
①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前用35%多克(ke)福大豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)衣劑包(bao)衣。防治大豆(dou)(dou)根腐病可(ke)用2.5%的(de)適樂時(shi)懸(xuan)浮劑拌(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),大豆(dou)(dou)根潛(qian)葉蠅、蠐螬(cao)等地(di)下害蟲可(ke)用50%的(de)辛硫(liu)磷拌(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),陰干(gan)后(hou)即(ji)可(ke)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 ②微(wei)肥(fei)拌(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。畝產(chan)200公斤、220公斤地(di)塊可(ke)選用鉬酸銨、硼鉬微(wei)復肥(fei)等進行拌(ban)(ban)(ban)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)提高(gao)大豆(dou)(dou)出(chu)苗率和固氮(dan)能力,陰干(gan)后(hou)可(ke)進行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子包(bao)衣。
(3)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei) A施(shi)(shi)(shi)底(di)肥(fei) 結合(he)整地200公(gong)(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟的有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含量8%以上(shang))30噸,畝產250公(gong)(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)(gong)頃施(shi)(shi)(shi)腐熟的有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)(有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含量8%以上(shang))45噸,結合(he)秋整地做底(di)肥(fei)一次(ci)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入。 B種肥(fei)
①施(shi)肥原(yuan)則。采用測(ce)土配方平(ping)衡施(shi)肥,各地(di)可根據測(ce)土結(jie)果因地(di)制宜確定施(shi)肥量。
②參考施肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。畝產(chan)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用量(liang)(liang)(liang)尿素要在45—50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)(er)銨(an)150公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,硫酸(suan)鉀50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右;畝產(chan)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用量(liang)(liang)(liang)尿素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)(er)銨(an)175公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,硫酸(suan)鉀75公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右;畝產(chan)250公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤地塊每公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃化(hua)肥(fei)使用量(liang)(liang)(liang)尿素50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,磷(lin)酸(suan)二(er)(er)銨(an)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右,硫酸(suan)鉀100公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤左(zuo)右。
③施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方式。在(zai)播(bo)種的同時施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入種肥(fei),種肥(fei)要做到分(fen)層側深施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一般分(fen)上(shang)下(xia)二層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),上(shang)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)種下(xia)5~6厘米(mi)處,切忌(ji)種肥(fei)同位,以免燒種,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占總施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的1/3。下(xia)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)種下(xia)12~14厘米(mi)處;肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占總施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的2/3。(4)播(bo)種 播(bo)期:
①5月5日(ri)至5月10日(ri)。 ②播(bo)(bo)法 機械壟上雙(shuang)行(xing)(xing)等距(ju)精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),選擇氣吸(xi)式播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機或2BT—2型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機,65~70厘米行(xing)(xing)距(ju);45厘米窄行(xing)(xing)密植地塊應用2BTG-3型播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)機精量(liang)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。 ③播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)量(liang) 根據品種(zhong)(zhong)特性、肥(fei)水(shui)條(tiao)件及栽培方式而定。 公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)播(bo)(bo)量(liang)公(gong)斤/公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)=公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)保苗(miao)數×百(bai)粒重(g)/凈度(%)×發芽率(lv)(%)×105×{1+田(tian)間(jian)損失率(lv)(%)}田(tian)間(jian)損失率(lv)以10%計算,實播(bo)(bo)量(liang)與計算誤差(cha)為(wei)±3%。 壟三”栽培技(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)保苗(miao)25-30萬株;45厘米雙(shuang)條(tiao)密植栽培技(ji)(ji)術要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)保苗(miao)35-40萬株。 ④播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)質量(liang) 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)均勻無(wu)斷(duan)條(tiao),20厘米內(nei)無(wu)籽為(wei)斷(duan)條(tiao),每(mei)5米斷(duan)條(tiao)不超過一處。機械壟上播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時應對準壟頂中心(xin),偏差(cha)為(wei)±3厘米。
(5)田間管理
A中耕 當(dang)大豆拱土時,進行鏟(chan)前深松。出苗(miao)后(hou)及時鏟(chan)趟,做到兩(liang)鏟(chan)三趟,鏟(chan)趟傷(shang)苗(miao)率小于3%。后(hou)期拔凈大草。
B灌(guan)水 根(gen)據(ju)旱情和生長發(fa)育需水規律(lv)各地要(yao)因地制宜進行灌(guan)水。
C促控(kong)結(jie)合 大豆(dou)前期(qi)長勢(shi)較弱時,在大豆(dou)初花期(qi)每公(gong)(gong)頃用尿(niao)素10公(gong)(gong)斤加磷酸二氫鉀1.5-2.5公(gong)(gong)斤溶于500公(gong)(gong)斤水中噴施,并(bing)根據需要加入硼(peng)鉬(mu)等微量元素肥料。大豆(dou)植株生長旺盛(sheng),在初花期(qi)選用多效唑、三碘苯甲酸等化控(kong)劑進行調控(kong),控(kong)制大豆(dou)徒(tu)長,防止后期(qi)倒伏。
D化學除草
①播(bo)后苗前土(tu)壤(rang)封(feng)閉(bi)處理(li)。春(chun)季(ji)干旱區提倡苗后除(chu)草,如土(tu)壤(rang)墑(di)情好可(ke)采取土(tu)壤(rang)封(feng)閉(bi)處理(li)。在大豆播(bo)后出苗前,每(mei)公頃用90%乙草胺(禾耐斯)1800~2250毫(hao)升加48%廣滅靈800~1000毫(hao)升對水450公斤土(tu)壤(rang)噴霧。
②莖葉處理。在大(da)豆出苗后,雜(za)草(cao)2~4葉期,每公(gong)頃用5%精(jing)禾草(cao)克乳油750~900毫升加25%的氟(fu)磺胺草(cao)醚1000~1500毫升,對(dui)水450公(gong)斤噴霧。
E病蟲害綜合(he)防治
①蚜(ya)蟲。點片發(fa)生并有5%~10%的(de)(de)植株卷葉或(huo)有蚜(ya)株率達(da)到50%時(shi),百株蚜(ya)量(liang)達(da)1500頭以上(shang),天敵數量(liang)很少時(shi),每公頃用(yong)10%的(de)(de)吡蟲啉1500克(ke)對水450~500公斤噴霧(wu)。
②大豆(dou)食心蟲(chong)。當上(shang)一(yi)年的(de)蟲(chong)食率達到(dao)(dao)5%以上(shang)時達到(dao)(dao)防治(zhi)指標,每公頃(qing)用(yong)80%敵敵畏乳(ru)油1500~2000毫升(sheng)制成(cheng)毒棍,每4壟(long)插一(yi)行(xing),每5m插一(yi)根,或用(yong)菊酯(zhi)類的(de)農藥常(chang)規(gui)噴霧。
③草地螟。大(da)豆百(bai)株(zhu)有幼蟲(chong)30頭(tou)~50頭(tou),大(da)部分(fen)幼蟲(chong)3齡期,可用2.5%敵殺死225~300毫升對(dui)水450~500公斤常規(gui)噴霧。
④大豆菌(jun)核病(bing)。7月初用25%施(shi)保克1500毫升/公(gong)頃或40%菌(jun)核凈(jing)1050克/公(gong)頃于發病(bing)初期(qi)噴一次(ci)(ci),隔7天~10天再噴一次(ci)(ci)。
(6)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲 A收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲時期 人(ren)工(gong)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲,落(luo)葉(xie)達90%時進行(xing);機械聯合(he)收(shou)(shou)(shou)割,葉(xie)片全(quan)部落(luo)凈(jing)、豆粒歸圓時進行(xing)。 B收(shou)(shou)(shou)割質量 割茬低,不留莢(jia)(jia),割茬高度(du)以不留底莢(jia)(jia)為準,一(yi)般為5~6厘米。收(shou)(shou)(shou)割損(sun)失(shi)(shi)率小于(yu)1%,脫粒損(sun)失(shi)(shi)率小于(yu)2%,破碎率小于(yu)5%,泥花臉率小于(yu)5%,清(qing)潔率大于(yu)95%。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關(guan)規定
(1)延(yan)壽大(da)豆的分級(ji):延(yan)壽大(da)豆分為三個等(deng)級(ji),為一等(deng)大(da)豆,二等(deng)大(da)豆 和(he)三等(deng)大(da)豆。
(2)標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使用人應(ying)在其產(chan)品或包裝上統一使用農產(chan)品地理標(biao)志(zhi)( 延(yan)壽大豆名稱和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注形(xing)式(shi))。
(3)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):編織袋(dai)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),規格25公(gong)斤/袋(dai)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料符合國家糧(liang)食包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)衛生要求(qiu),并符合環境保護的(de)要求(qiu)。包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料堅固、清潔、干燥、無任何昆 蟲傳播(bo)、真菌污(wu)染及不良氣味。
(4)貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存:在避光、常溫、干(gan)燥和(he)有防潮設施處貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存。 原料按指定(ding)原料庫貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存,貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存數量,執行(xing)管(guan)理規(gui)定(ding)。貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存庫房清潔、干(gan)燥、通風良好,無蟲害及(ji)鼠害。嚴(yan)禁與有毒、有害、有腐(fu)蝕性、易發霉、發 潮、有異味的物品混存,成品貯(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)存按品種、標號、編號、生產日期分(fen)別存放(fang),以(yi)免混雜和(he)受(shou)潮。
(5)運輸:運輸工具清潔、干燥、有防雨放雪設施。嚴禁(jin)與有毒、有害、有腐蝕性、有異味(wei)的物品(pin)混(hun)運。