芒果视频下载

形態特征

生(sheng)(sheng)產芹(qin)(qin)芽的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)芹(qin)(qin)是(shi)傘(san)形(xing)(xing)花(hua)科(ke)水(shui)芹(qin)(qin)屬(shu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一個地方栽培品種(zhong)，是(shi)多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)宿根草本植物。根白而細，莖(jing)(jing)分地上(shang)莖(jing)(jing)和匍匐莖(jing)(jing)，匍匐莖(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)各節(jie)環生(sheng)(sheng)須(xu)根。莖(jing)(jing)中(zhong)空粗壯，每節(jie)上(shang)都有腋芽，可萌發(fa)形(xing)(xing)成新(xin)株，培土(tu)后(hou)形(xing)(xing)成芹(qin)(qin)芽。根出葉(xie)叢生(sheng)(sheng)，奇數二回羽狀復葉(xie)，小葉(xie)卵圓形(xing)(xing)，葉(xie)緣鋸齒狀，莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)柄較長，基部(bu)短(duan)鞘狀，包住(zhu)莖(jing)(jing)部(bu)，多(duo)淡綠至(zhi)黃(huang)綠色。該品種(zhong)能開(kai)花(hua)但(dan)很少結果(guo)，即使開(kai)花(hua)結果(guo)，其種(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)育不(bu)良(liang)，不(bu)適(shi)宜于繁(fan)殖，習慣上(shang)進行無性繁(fan)殖。

環境要求

該品(pin)種性(xing)喜(xi)冷(leng)涼，較耐寒；喜(xi)濕潤，怕(pa)干旱。秋冬(dong)季節是根出葉的(de)營養生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛時(shi)期，最適(shi)溫(wen)度17～20℃。春(chun)(chun)夏季節轉向節間(jian)伸(shen)長(chang)(chang)，匍匐莖生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺(wang)盛，最適(shi)溫(wen)度20～25℃。冬(dong)春(chun)(chun)季 節又是芹芽生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)適(shi)宜時(shi)期，日平均氣溫(wen)10℃以(yi)下(xia)為宜。

該(gai)品種適宜土層深厚，富含(han)有機質(zhi)的(de)肥沃粘質(zhi)壤土，PH值微(wei)酸(suan)性至中性。芹芽(ya)生長(chang)完全靠莖中貯藏(zang)的(de)養分生長(chang)，不(bu)能(neng)見(jian)光，見(jian)光后品質(zhi)下降(jiang)。培土層含(han)水量(liang)不(bu)能(neng)太高，以(yi)免腐爛(lan)。

培育方法

種株培育

3月初收(shou)完芹(qin)芽，殘(can)留于土(tu)中的根莖(jing)(jing)(jing)會萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)形(xing)成新株(zhu)(zhu)，4月初當(dang)植株(zhu)(zhu)長至12～15cm高(gao)時，選擇(ze)健壯的苗(miao)連土(tu)掘起，利用(yong)(yong)早稻田(tian)邊角作(zuo)為種(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)(zhu)繁育苗(miao)床，按10～15cm見方(fang)排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)在苗(miao)床上，一(yi)般每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)(zhu)苗(miao)床可供3335平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)大田(tian)栽(zai)培之(zhi)用(yong)(yong)。種(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)(zhu)不宜深栽(zai)，以(yi)免影響發(fa)(fa)(fa)棵。種(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)(zhu)田(tian)要(yao)經常(chang)換水(shui)，否則夏季高(gao)溫下易發(fa)(fa)(fa)病(bing)。4月份(fen)追(zhui)肥1次，每667平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)施(shi)入(ru)糞尿1500kg或化肥35kg，促進匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)長。還(huan)要(yao)注(zhu)意病(bing)蟲害(hai)的防(fang)治，及時用(yong)(yong)40%的樂果1000倍液防(fang)治蚜蟲，一(yi)旦發(fa)(fa)(fa)現病(bing)毒病(bing)應(ying)立(li)即將病(bing)株(zhu)(zhu)拔除(chu)。生(sheng)長良好的植株(zhu)(zhu)在8月份(fen)匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)長達1．5～2．0m，該匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)即作(zuo)為芹(qin)芽母株(zhu)(zhu)的種(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)(zhu) 。

母株培育

4．1 栽培季節(jie) 8月下旬(xun)(xun)～9月上旬(xun)(xun)栽種種株(zhu)，一般與(yu)雙季晚稻按1：1面積比(bi)例(li)間作(zuo)，即(ji)2m寬(kuan)水稻，2m寬(kuan)水芹(qin)，不需作(zuo)畦，耙平耬勻即(ji)可。到秋末冬(dong)初(chu)可長成具10多片(pian)真(zhen)葉(xie)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)，即(ji)母株(zhu)，供芹(qin)芽培育(yu)用。

4．2 栽(zai)植(zhi) 把種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芹地(di)里的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株齊根(gen)割起，用刀切成20～30 cm長(chang)的莖段，然(ran)后均勻撒(sa)播(bo)于(yu)晚(wan)稻(dao)田中留出的地(di)上。注意種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗不(bu)(bu)能埋入土中，也不(bu)(bu)能浮在水(shui)(shui)上。因(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗埋入土中，萌芽遲，生長(chang)也差；浮在水(shui)(shui)上，易(yi)生匍匐枝。為了使種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗栽(zai)植(zhi)適宜，早(zao)稻(dao)收獲后每667平(ping)方米 施入人糞尿2 500 kg左右，整地(di)時要耙(pa)細整平(ping)，使土壤成泥(ni)濘(ning)狀態，栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時灌水(shui)(shui)不(bu)(bu)宜過多，土面上有1層薄水(shui)(shui)就行了。

4．3 灌(guan)溉 植(zhi)后最初5d（天）不要灌(guan)深水，使(shi)種苗浸沒水中為宜，促進種苗扎根。以后灌(guan)水同晚稻一樣(yang)，晚稻收割后保持土(tu)壤濕潤即可，不必灌(guan)水。

4．4 勻(yun)苗(miao) 栽(zai)植(zhi)后1個(ge)月左(zuo)右，植(zhi)株長(chang)至13～15cm高(gao)時，結合中(zhong)耕(geng)除草進(jin)行勻(yun)苗(miao)移(yi)植(zhi)，以12 cm見方(fang)有一(yi)叢芹苗(miao)為宜。

4．5 中(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)追肥(fei)(fei) 草(cao)(cao)多的(de)田塊(kuai)栽植后半(ban)個月和1個月時中(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)2次(ci)，若不多可結(jie)合勻苗移植時進行(xing)1次(ci)即可。追肥(fei)(fei)共2次(ci)，苗高10 cm和20 cm時，每(mei)667 平(ping)方米追施人糞尿1 250kg左右或化肥(fei)(fei)40～50kg，每(mei)次(ci)追肥(fei)(fei)時先把(ba)水放干(gan)，追肥(fei)(fei)后過一晝夜，待土壤充分(fen)吸收肥(fei)(fei)料(liao)后，再進行(xing)灌(guan)水復原。

4．6病蟲害防治 芹芽母株生(sheng)長過(guo)程中(zhong)病蟲為(wei)害較輕，9～10月有蚜蟲為(wei)害，可用灌水(shui)(shui)法(fa)防治，即(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)田中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)灌至淹沒植株，將(jiang)(jiang)粗草(cao)繩放于水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)上，拉住兩(liang)端向下風(feng)的(de)地方移動(dong)，將(jiang)(jiang)浮于水(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)上的(de)蚜蟲集中(zhong)到(dao)田的(de)一角(jiao)，然后(hou)清(qing)除殺滅，立即(ji)放水(shui)(shui)復原(yuan)。灌水(shui)(shui)殺蚜每次不要(yao)超過(guo)3h（小時），以(yi)免水(shui)(shui)芹生(sheng)長受影響。

芹芽培育

當(dang)植(zhi)株長到11～13片(pian)真葉時就可(ke)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)生產芹(qin)(qin)(qin)芽，廬江(jiang)縣一般在11月上(shang)旬以后，具體培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)時間可(ke)根據市場(chang)需(xu)要而定，也可(ke)分(fen)批(pi)培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)分(fen)期采收(shou)上(shang)市。具體方法：在冬春季節(jie)，把芹(qin)(qin)(qin)畦(qi)周邊(bian)晚稻畦(qi)上(shang)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)粉碎后用鐵鍬鏟到水(shui)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)植(zhi)株上(shang)面，培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工作分(fen)3～5次進行，培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層厚約20～30 cm，然后水(shui)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)莖上(shang)的腋芽就會萌發形成(cheng)芹(qin)(qin)(qin)芽。一般培(pei)(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)后1個(ge)月就可(ke)以掘土(tu)(tu)(tu)收(shou)獲，每667 平方米產1000kg左右(you)。

芹芽生長特點

芹(qin)(qin)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的水芹(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)傘形花科水芹(qin)(qin)屬(shu)中(zhong)的一(yi)個地方(fang)栽(zai)培(pei)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) ,是(shi)(shi)多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)宿根草本(ben)植物。根細(xi)(xi) ,莖分(fen)地上(shang)莖和匍匐(fu)(fu)莖 ,匍匐(fu)(fu)莖的各(ge)節(jie)環生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)須(xu)根。莖中(zhong)空粗壯 ,每節(jie)上(shang)都有(you)腋芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya) ,可萌發(fa)形成(cheng)新株(zhu) ,培(pei)土后(hou)(hou)形成(cheng)芹(qin)(qin)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。根出(chu)葉(xie)叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng) ,奇(qi)數二回羽狀(zhuang)(zhuang)復葉(xie) ,小(xiao)葉(xie)卵圓形 ,葉(xie)緣鋸齒狀(zhuang)(zhuang) ,莖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)的葉(xie)柄較(jiao)長(chang) ,基部短鞘狀(zhuang)(zhuang) ,包(bao)住莖部 ,多(duo)淡(dan)綠至黃綠色(se)。該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能開花但很(hen)少結(jie)果 ,即(ji)使開花結(jie)果 ,其種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發(fa)育(yu)不良 ,不適宜(yi)于繁(fan)殖(zhi) ,習慣上(shang)進(jin)行無(wu)性(xing)繁(fan)殖(zhi)。2對環境條件的要求(qiu)該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)喜(xi)冷涼 ,較(jiao)耐寒 ;喜(xi)濕潤(run) ,怕干旱。富含有(you)機質(zhi)的肥(fei)沃粘質(zhi)壤土，微(wei)酸。秋(qiu)冬季節(jie)是(shi)(shi)根出(chu)葉(xie)的營養(yang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛時期(qi) ,最適溫(wen)(wen)度(du)17～20℃。春夏(xia)(xia)季節(jie)轉(zhuan)向節(jie)間伸長(chang) ,利用(yong)(yong)(yong)稻田(tian)邊角(jiao)作為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)繁(fan)育(yu)苗(miao)床，按15cm見方(fang)排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在苗(miao)床上(shang)，一(yi)般每667平(ping)方(fang)米種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)苗(miao)床可供(gong)3335平(ping)方(fang)米大田(tian)栽(zai)培(pei)之用(yong)(yong)(yong)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)不宜(yi)深栽(zai)，以免影(ying)響發(fa)棵。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)田(tian)要經常(chang)換水，否則夏(xia)(xia)季高溫(wen)(wen)易(yi)發(fa)病。4匍匐(fu)(fu)莖生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛 ,最適溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20～25℃。冬春季節(jie)又是(shi)(shi)芹(qin)(qin)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的適宜(yi)時期(qi) ,降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前先(xian)(xian)對種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)進(jin)行搓(cuo)揉，除(chu)(chu)去硬皮(pi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)井(jing)(jing)水浸(jin)泡20小(xiao)時，再(zai)進(jin)行搓(cuo)洗，除(chu)(chu)去種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)表面的黏液和雜質(zhi)，然后(hou)(hou)用(yong)(yong)(yong)擰干的濕毛巾吸去多(duo)余(yu)水分(fen)，放在15-20℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下(xia)催(cui)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。芹(qin)(qin)菜發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)對溫(wen)(wen)度(du)要求(qiu)嚴格，25℃以上(shang)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不良，因此播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣溫(wen)(wen)過(guo)高時，可用(yong)(yong)(yong)繩(sheng)索將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)懸吊在深水井(jing)(jing)內，使其離水面大約30厘米，每天(tian)淘洗1次，4-5天(tian)后(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)露(lu)白(bai)時即(ji)可播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。整畦(qi)(qi)施肥(fei)。做好(hao)畦(qi)(qi)面，施足有(you)、精細(xi)(xi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。籽小(xiao)，出(chu)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力弱，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時應注意適量播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每畝苗(miao)畦(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.6-1公斤(jin)，可供(gong)13000余(yu)平(ping)方(fang)米芹(qin)(qin)菜田(tian)移栽(zai)，撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)要均(jun)勻采用(yong)(yong)(yong)濕播(bo)(bo)(bo)法。先(xian)(xian)澆小(xiao)水，水下(xia)滲后(hou)(hou)先(xian)(xian)撒(sa)(sa)一(yi)薄(bo)層細(xi)(xi)干土再(zai)撒(sa)(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)再(zai)覆一(yi)層厚約0.5厘米的細(xi)(xi)土、遮蔭(yin)(yin)或覆蓋育(yu)苗(miao)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)農作物秸稈或葦(wei)箔遮蔭(yin)(yin)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)玉米秸稈、葦(wei)箔等搭放在畦(qi)(qi)面上(shang)，待出(chu)苗(miao)后(hou)(hou)逐步(bu)撤除(chu)(chu)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)茄(qie)(qie)果類(lei)蔬菜植株(zhu)遮蔭(yin)(yin)：在早熟茄(qie)(qie)子(zi)、番茄(qie)(qie)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)(hou)期(qi)，選墑情適宜(yi)地段(duan)趁濕撒(sa)(sa)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，再(zai)鉤劃地面，將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)與(yu)土摻和均(jun)勻，3-4天(tian)后(hou)(hou)即(ji)可出(chu)苗(miao)。茄(qie)(qie)子(zi)、番茄(qie)(qie)拔秧后(hou)(hou)，轉(zhuan)入正(zheng)常(chang)管理利用(yong)(yong)(yong)遮陽(yang)網遮陽(yang)：遮陽(yang)網為黑色(se)或銀灰色(se)，可降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)2-4℃，并有(you)遮光和防(fang)暴雨作用(yong)(yong)(yong)，還(huan)可防(fang)蚜蟲及其他(ta)害(hai)。