芒果视频下载

形態特征

生產芹(qin)芽的(de)(de)水芹(qin)是傘(san)形(xing)花(hua)科水芹(qin)屬(shu)中的(de)(de)一個地方栽培(pei)品種，是多年生宿根(gen)(gen)草本植物。根(gen)(gen)白而細，莖分地上(shang)莖和匍匐(fu)莖，匍匐(fu)莖的(de)(de)各(ge)節環生須根(gen)(gen)。莖中空(kong)粗(cu)壯，每節上(shang)都有腋芽，可萌發形(xing)成(cheng)新(xin)株(zhu)，培(pei)土(tu)后形(xing)成(cheng)芹(qin)芽。根(gen)(gen)出葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)叢(cong)生，奇(qi)數(shu)二回羽狀(zhuang)復(fu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)，小葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)卵圓形(xing)，葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣鋸(ju)齒(chi)狀(zhuang)，莖生葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing)較(jiao)長，基部(bu)短鞘(qiao)狀(zhuang)，包住莖部(bu)，多淡綠(lv)(lv)至(zhi)黃綠(lv)(lv)色。該品種能(neng)開花(hua)但很少結果，即使開花(hua)結果，其種子發育不良，不適宜(yi)于繁殖(zhi)，習(xi)慣(guan)上(shang)進(jin)行無性繁殖(zhi)。

環境要求

該品種(zhong)性喜冷涼(liang)，較耐寒；喜濕潤，怕干(gan)旱。秋冬(dong)(dong)季(ji)節是(shi)根出葉的營養生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛時(shi)期，最(zui)適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度17～20℃。春夏季(ji)節轉向節間伸長(chang)，匍匐莖生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺盛，最(zui)適(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度20～25℃。冬(dong)(dong)春季(ji) 節又是(shi)芹芽生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的適(shi)宜時(shi)期，日平均氣溫(wen)(wen)10℃以下(xia)為宜。

該(gai)品種適宜土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚，富含(han)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)的(de)肥沃粘質(zhi)壤土(tu)(tu)，PH值微酸性至中性。芹芽生(sheng)長完全靠莖中貯藏的(de)養(yang)分生(sheng)長，不能見光(guang)，見光(guang)后(hou)品質(zhi)下降。培土(tu)(tu)層含(han)水量不能太高，以免腐爛。

培育方法

種株培育

3月初(chu)收完芹(qin)芽，殘留(liu)于(yu)土(tu)中(zhong)的(de)根莖會萌發(fa)(fa)形成新(xin)株(zhu)，4月初(chu)當植(zhi)株(zhu)長(chang)至12～15cm高時，選擇健(jian)壯(zhuang)的(de)苗(miao)連土(tu)掘起，利用早稻田(tian)(tian)邊角作(zuo)為(wei)種株(zhu)繁育苗(miao)床，按10～15cm見方(fang)(fang)排(pai)種在(zai)(zai)苗(miao)床上，一般每667平方(fang)(fang)米種株(zhu)苗(miao)床可(ke)供3335平方(fang)(fang)米大田(tian)(tian)栽培之用。種株(zhu)不宜深栽，以免(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)發(fa)(fa)棵。種株(zhu)田(tian)(tian)要經(jing)常換水，否則夏季(ji)高溫下易發(fa)(fa)病(bing)。4月份追肥(fei)1次，每667平方(fang)(fang)米施入糞尿1500kg或化肥(fei)35kg，促進匍(pu)匐莖生長(chang)。還(huan)要注意病(bing)蟲害的(de)防(fang)治，及時用40%的(de)樂果1000倍液防(fang)治蚜(ya)蟲，一旦發(fa)(fa)現病(bing)毒病(bing)應立即(ji)將病(bing)株(zhu)拔除(chu)。生長(chang)良好(hao)的(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)在(zai)(zai)8月份匍(pu)匐莖長(chang)達1．5～2．0m，該匍(pu)匐莖即(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)芹(qin)芽母株(zhu)的(de)種株(zhu) 。

母株培育

4．1 栽培季節(jie) 8月(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)～9月(yue)上旬(xun)栽種種株(zhu)，一(yi)般與雙季晚稻按(an)1：1面積比例間作，即2m寬水(shui)稻，2m寬水(shui)芹，不需作畦，耙平耬勻即可。到秋末冬初(chu)可長成具10多片真葉的植株(zhu)，即母株(zhu)，供(gong)芹芽培育用。

4．2 栽植 把種(zhong)(zhong)芹地(di)里的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)株齊根(gen)割起，用刀(dao)切成20～30 cm長的(de)莖(jing)段(duan)，然后(hou)均勻撒播于晚(wan)稻(dao)田中留出的(de)地(di)上。注意種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)埋入(ru)(ru)土中，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)浮在(zai)水(shui)上。因種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)埋入(ru)(ru)土中，萌芽(ya)遲，生(sheng)長也(ye)差；浮在(zai)水(shui)上，易生(sheng)匍(pu)匐枝。為了(le)使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)栽植適宜，早(zao)稻(dao)收(shou)獲后(hou)每667平方米 施入(ru)(ru)人糞尿2 500 kg左右(you)，整(zheng)地(di)時要耙細整(zheng)平，使(shi)土壤成泥濘狀態，栽種(zhong)(zhong)時灌水(shui)不(bu)(bu)宜過多(duo)，土面(mian)上有1層薄(bo)水(shui)就行了(le)。

4．3 灌溉 植(zhi)后(hou)最初5d（天）不(bu)要灌深水，使種苗浸沒(mei)水中為宜，促進種苗扎根(gen)。以后(hou)灌水同晚稻(dao)一樣(yang)，晚稻(dao)收割后(hou)保持土壤濕潤(run)即可，不(bu)必(bi)灌水。

4．4 勻苗 栽植(zhi)(zhi)后1個月左右(you)，植(zhi)(zhi)株長至13～15cm高時，結合(he)中(zhong)耕除草進行(xing)勻苗移植(zhi)(zhi)，以12 cm見方有一叢芹苗為宜。

4．5 中(zhong)耕除草追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei) 草多的田塊栽(zai)植(zhi)后半個月和1個月時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)耕除草2次，若(ruo)不多可結合勻苗移(yi)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi)進行1次即(ji)可。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)共2次，苗高(gao)10 cm和20 cm時(shi)(shi)，每667 平方米追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施人糞尿1 250kg左右或化肥(fei)40～50kg，每次追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)時(shi)(shi)先把(ba)水放干，追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)后過一晝夜，待(dai)土壤充分吸收肥(fei)料后，再進行灌水復原(yuan)。

4．6病蟲害(hai)防治 芹芽母株(zhu)生長過程中病蟲為害(hai)較輕(qing)，9～10月有蚜蟲為害(hai)，可用灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)法防治，即將田(tian)中水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌至(zhi)淹沒植株(zhu)，將粗(cu)草繩放于水(shui)(shui)(shui)面上(shang)，拉(la)住(zhu)兩(liang)端向下(xia)風的地方移動，將浮(fu)于水(shui)(shui)(shui)面上(shang)的蚜蟲集中到(dao)田(tian)的一角，然后清除(chu)殺(sha)滅，立即放水(shui)(shui)(shui)復原。灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)殺(sha)蚜每(mei)次不要(yao)超過3h（小時），以免水(shui)(shui)(shui)芹生長受影響。

芹芽培育

當(dang)植株長到11～13片真葉時(shi)就(jiu)可(ke)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)生產芹(qin)(qin)(qin)芽，廬(lu)江縣(xian)一(yi)般在11月上(shang)旬以后，具體(ti)培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)時(shi)間可(ke)根據市場需要而定(ding)，也(ye)可(ke)分批培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)分期采收(shou)上(shang)市。具體(ti)方法：在冬春季節(jie)，把芹(qin)(qin)(qin)畦周邊晚(wan)稻(dao)畦上(shang)的土(tu)(tu)(tu)粉碎后用(yong)鐵鍬鏟到水芹(qin)(qin)(qin)植株上(shang)面，培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)工作分3～5次(ci)進(jin)行，培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚約20～30 cm，然后水芹(qin)(qin)(qin)莖上(shang)的腋芽就(jiu)會萌發(fa)形成芹(qin)(qin)(qin)芽。一(yi)般培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)后1個月就(jiu)可(ke)以掘土(tu)(tu)(tu)收(shou)獲，每667 平方米產1000kg左右。

芹芽生長特點

芹(qin)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)水(shui)(shui)芹(qin)是傘形(xing)花(hua)科水(shui)(shui)芹(qin)屬中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)個地方栽(zai)培(pei)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) ,是多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)宿(su)根(gen)草本(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)。根(gen)細(xi)(xi) ,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)分地上莖(jing)(jing)(jing)和匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing) ,匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)各節(jie)環生(sheng)(sheng)須根(gen)。莖(jing)(jing)(jing)中(zhong)空粗壯 ,每(mei)(mei)節(jie)上都(dou)有(you)腋芽(ya)(ya) ,可(ke)(ke)萌發(fa)(fa)形(xing)成新(xin)株(zhu) ,培(pei)土(tu)(tu)后(hou)形(xing)成芹(qin)芽(ya)(ya)。根(gen)出(chu)(chu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)叢生(sheng)(sheng) ,奇(qi)數二回羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie)(xie) ,小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)卵圓形(xing) ,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)緣鋸齒狀(zhuang) ,莖(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄較(jiao)長(chang) ,基(ji)部(bu)短鞘狀(zhuang) ,包住莖(jing)(jing)(jing)部(bu) ,多淡綠至黃綠色。該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能開花(hua)但很少結果 ,即(ji)使開花(hua)結果 ,其(qi)(qi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)育不良(liang) ,不適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)于繁(fan)殖(zhi) ,習(xi)慣上進(jin)行(xing)無性繁(fan)殖(zhi)。2對(dui)(dui)環境條件的(de)要求該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性喜(xi)冷(leng)涼 ,較(jiao)耐(nai)寒 ;喜(xi)濕(shi)潤(run) ,怕干旱。富含(han)有(you)機質的(de)肥沃粘質壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)，微酸(suan)。秋冬季節(jie)是根(gen)出(chu)(chu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)的(de)營養生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛時(shi)期 ,最(zui)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)17～20℃。春(chun)夏(xia)季節(jie)轉向節(jie)間(jian)伸長(chang) ,利(li)用稻田邊角作(zuo)為種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)繁(fan)育苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)，按15cm見方排種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)上，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)(mei)667平(ping)方米(mi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)苗(miao)(miao)床(chuang)可(ke)(ke)供3335平(ping)方米(mi)大(da)田栽(zai)培(pei)之用。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)不宜(yi)深栽(zai)，以免影響發(fa)(fa)棵。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)株(zhu)田要經常換水(shui)(shui)，否則夏(xia)季高溫(wen)(wen)易(yi)發(fa)(fa)病。4匍匐(fu)莖(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)旺(wang)盛 ,最(zui)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20～25℃。冬春(chun)季節(jie)又是芹(qin)芽(ya)(ya)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)的(de)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)時(shi)期 ,降溫(wen)(wen)催芽(ya)(ya)。催芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)先對(dui)(dui)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)進(jin)行(xing)搓揉，除去硬皮(pi)，用井(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)浸泡20小(xiao)時(shi)，再進(jin)行(xing)搓洗，除去種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)黏液和雜質，然后(hou)用擰干的(de)濕(shi)毛巾吸去多余水(shui)(shui)分，放在(zai)15-20℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下催芽(ya)(ya)。芹(qin)菜發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)對(dui)(dui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)要求嚴格，25℃以上發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)不良(liang)，因(yin)此(ci)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氣溫(wen)(wen)過高時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)用繩索(suo)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)懸吊在(zai)深水(shui)(shui)井(jing)(jing)內，使其(qi)(qi)離水(shui)(shui)面(mian)大(da)約30厘米(mi)，每(mei)(mei)天淘洗1次，4-5天后(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)露白時(shi)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。整畦(qi)(qi)施肥。做(zuo)好畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)，施足有(you)、精細(xi)(xi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。籽小(xiao)，出(chu)(chu)芽(ya)(ya)力弱，播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)應注意適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)量播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)苗(miao)(miao)畦(qi)(qi)用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)0.6-1公斤，可(ke)(ke)供13000余平(ping)方米(mi)芹(qin)菜田移栽(zai)，撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)要均勻采用濕(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)法。先澆(jiao)小(xiao)水(shui)(shui)，水(shui)(shui)下滲后(hou)先撒一(yi)(yi)薄(bo)層細(xi)(xi)干土(tu)(tu)再撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)，播(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)再覆一(yi)(yi)層厚約0.5厘米(mi)的(de)細(xi)(xi)土(tu)(tu)、遮(zhe)蔭或(huo)覆蓋(gai)育苗(miao)(miao)。用農作(zuo)物(wu)秸稈或(huo)葦(wei)箔遮(zhe)蔭播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)將(jiang)玉米(mi)秸稈、葦(wei)箔等搭放在(zai)畦(qi)(qi)面(mian)上，待出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)逐步撤除。用茄果類(lei)蔬菜植(zhi)株(zhu)遮(zhe)蔭：在(zai)早熟茄子(zi)(zi)(zi)、番茄的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)后(hou)期，選墑情(qing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)宜(yi)地段趁濕(shi)撒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，再鉤劃地面(mian)，將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)與土(tu)(tu)摻和均勻，3-4天后(hou)即(ji)可(ke)(ke)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)。茄子(zi)(zi)(zi)、番茄拔秧后(hou)，轉入正常管理利(li)用遮(zhe)陽網(wang)(wang)遮(zhe)陽：遮(zhe)陽網(wang)(wang)為黑色或(huo)銀灰色，可(ke)(ke)降溫(wen)(wen)2-4℃，并有(you)遮(zhe)光和防暴雨作(zuo)用，還可(ke)(ke)防蚜蟲及其(qi)(qi)他害。