館藏文物
“十(shi)里(li)紅妝”博物館內的藏品(pin),是(shi)何曉(xiao)道先生二(er)十(shi)多年來收藏的上(shang)萬件精(jing)品(pin)中(zhong)選出來的,展品(pin)緊(jin)扣“十(shi)里(li)紅妝”這個(ge)主題,邊(bian)展邊(bian)充實,從(cong)而形成現在的陳(chen)列規模。
博(bo)物館采用場景(jing)布展和藏品歸(gui)類布展相結合,有(you)嫁(jia)妝場景(jing),有(you)木桶房(fang)(fang)(fang)、繡房(fang)(fang)(fang)、閨房(fang)(fang)(fang)、書房(fang)(fang)(fang)、婚房(fang)(fang)(fang)、妾房(fang)(fang)(fang)和百(bai)床風情(qing)等展廳。
走進(jin)博物館(guan),就像走進(jin)一(yi)座傳(chuan)統婚嫁文化的(de)(de)(de)寶庫,明(ming)清時期富家小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)空間完全展(zhan)示在觀眾(zhong)面(mian)(mian)前(qian),這(zhe)里有(you)(you)(you)(you)金(jin)(jin)碧輝(hui)煌的(de)(de)(de)“千工(gong)(gong)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)”和“萬工(gong)(gong)轎(jiao)”,“千工(gong)(gong)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)”又稱拔(ba)步(bu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、踏步(bu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang),其(qi)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)前(qian)部(bu)稱為(wei)“拔(ba)步(bu)”,是(shi)(shi)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)沿前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)平臺(tai),拔(ba)步(bu)前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)掛面(mian)(mian),設雕(diao)(diao)花柱架、掛落(luo)、倚欄、飄檐(yan)花罩,上有(you)(you)(you)(you)卷蓬(peng)頂,右(you)邊安放二斗二門小(xiao)(xiao)櫥,左邊安放馬桶(tong)箱(xiang),后半(ban)部(bu)為(wei)臥床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)。床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)圍著可拆裝的(de)(de)(de)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)板或(huo)彩繪屏(ping)風,初看,像是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個縮小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)戲臺(tai)。床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)體現(xian)了(le)古代“一(yi)生(sheng)做人,半(ban)世在床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)”的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統理念(nian)。而(er)花轎(jiao)則是(shi)(shi)明(ming)媒(mei)正娶(qu)的(de)(de)(de)象(xiang)征。民(min)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)“八(ba)抬大轎(jiao)抬過來(lai)(lai),十里紅(hong)(hong)妝(zhuang)嫁過來(lai)(lai)”之說。眼前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)花轎(jiao),朱漆為(wei)底(di),采用(yong)透(tou)雕(diao)(diao)、浮雕(diao)(diao)、貼金(jin)(jin)、涂銀等(deng)(deng)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),一(yi)身喜氣(qi),雕(diao)(diao)龍刻(ke)鳳(feng)的(de)(de)(de)造型,令(ling)文物專家吃(chi)驚,因(yin)為(wei)龍鳳(feng)歷(li)來(lai)(lai)就是(shi)(shi)皇(huang)家的(de)(de)(de)專用(yong)圖符,民(min)間是(shi)(shi)不允(yun)許使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de),但江南民(min)間有(you)(you)(you)(you)“浙(zhe)東女子(zi)全封王”的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說,是(shi)(shi)否(fou)屬實,已難考證。閨房內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)品(pin),如精(jing)美的(de)(de)(de)梳妝(zhuang)箱(xiang)、繡(xiu)花架、小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)、織布機等(deng)(deng),有(you)(you)(you)(you)琳瑯(lang)滿目的(de)(de)(de)女紅(hong)(hong)用(yong)具:針(zhen)線簍、針(zhen)線桶(tong)、線板、針(zhen)盒等(deng)(deng),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)展(zhan)示小(xiao)(xiao)姐(jie)手工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)的(de)(de)(de)刺繡(xiu),如絲綢衣服、披肩、荷包、肚(du)兜、香袋、繡(xiu)花鞋等(deng)(deng)。還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)朱砂(sha)和金(jin)(jin)飾(shi)打扮得十分精(jing)致的(de)(de)(de)纏腳(jiao)架,這(zhe)個令(ling)無數少女痛苦的(de)(de)(de)纏腳(jiao)用(yong)具,如果沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)親眼所(suo)見,人們是(shi)(shi)不會把三(san)(san)寸金(jin)(jin)蓮和它聯系在一(yi)起的(de)(de)(de)。
二十世紀七(qi)十年(nian)(nian)代初,在余姚(yao)河姆渡遺址中發(fa)現一種(zhong)紅色漆碗,據專(zhuan)家考(kao)證,這是世界上最古老(lao)的朱(zhu)砂涂(tu)漆的家具,距今(jin)(jin)天有六(liu)千(qian)多年(nian)(nian)了。今(jin)(jin)天,在“十里(li)紅妝(zhuang)”博物館(guan)展廳,依(yi)然能從這些(xie)朱(zhu)砂家具中領(ling)略(lve)到六(liu)千(qian)年(nian)(nian)前的遺風。
展館中(zhong)的(de)木桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是“十里紅(hong)妝”最(zui)有(you)特色的(de)品種(zhong),有(you)米桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、水桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、茶壺桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、果(guo)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、梳(shu)頭(tou)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、首飾桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、討奶(nai)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、洗腳(jiao)桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、馬桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、子(zi)孫桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)等等,桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是紅(hong)妝中(zhong)最(zui)豐富的(de)品種(zhong),也是日常生活中(zhong)必(bi)不可少的(de)用(yong)具。桶(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)體朱紅(hong)透亮,造型千(qian)姿百態,雕刻(ke)精美(mei),飾金(jin)錯銀,線條變化富有(you)女(nv)(nv)性(xing)韻律,洋溢著女(nv)(nv)性(xing)特有(you)的(de)氣息,最(zui)能表(biao)現女(nv)(nv)性(xing)個性(xing),直接體現女(nv)(nv)性(xing)審美(mei)情趣的(de)家具。
展(zhan)廳中有(you)形式各(ge)異的箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),有(you)杠箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、銀箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、百寶箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、皮箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、首飾箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、大箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)籠、小紅箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、竹箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),還有(you)梳頭(tou)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、梳妝箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng);此(ci)外(wai),竹編也(ye)是(shi)紅妝中內容豐富的器物,有(you)擔(dan)籃(lan)(lan)、套(tao)籃(lan)(lan)、提籃(lan)(lan)、菜籃(lan)(lan)、飯籃(lan)(lan)、針線(xian)籮等(deng)(deng)。
閨房,再現(xian)了(le)小姐樓(lou)里大戶人(ren)家(jia)兒女的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生活(huo)場景,出(chu)嫁前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)酸、甜、苦(ku)、辣,小姐床上喃喃春夢彷(pang)佛就在(zai)眼(yan)前(qian)。婚(hun)(hun)房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)布(bu)置突(tu)出(chu)喜慶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣氛(fen),門楣上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)雙喜,床前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)蠟(la)燭,還有(you)紅(hong)(hong)幢箱、紅(hong)(hong)衣(yi)柜、紅(hong)(hong)果桶,新娘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)蓋頭……一切都是紅(hong)(hong)色。新婚(hun)(hun)之夜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幸福美滿,在(zai)這(zhe)暖紅(hong)(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)婚(hun)(hun)房中(zhong)突(tu)現(xian)出(chu)來。人(ren)們對新人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美好祝愿也(ye)深深地融進(jin)這(zhe)鮮紅(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)景象之中(zhong)。與之形成鮮明對比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)妾(qie)房,就顯得很(hen)樸素(su)簡潔,單調而平靜。
“十里紅(hong)妝(zhuang)”博(bo)物館的“百床(chuang)(chuang)風情(qing)”展廳,則展出(chu)了(le)何曉道先生收藏(zang)的從(cong)明(ming)清到民國時期(qi)的小(xiao)姐床(chuang)(chuang)、春宮(gong)床(chuang)(chuang)、婚床(chuang)(chuang)、竹涼(liang)床(chuang)(chuang)、羅漢床(chuang)(chuang)、架(jia)子床(chuang)(chuang)等46張(zhang)各種形(xing)式的床(chuang)(chuang)。真是(shi)各有千秋,風情(qing)萬(wan)種。
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浙(zhe)江寧海徐霞(xia)客(ke)大道 ,近郊寧海縣徐霞(xia)客(ke)大道1號(近桃源南路)
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