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黃(huang)河(he)三(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)，以山東省(sheng)東營市墾利(li)縣寧海(hai)為(wei)(wei)軸點(dian)，北起套爾(er)河(he)口，南至淄脈(mo)河(he)口，向東撒(sa)開的(de)(de)扇狀地形(xing)，海(hai)拔高程低于(yu)(yu)15米(mi)，面積達5450平方(fang)公里。三(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)屬(shu)溫帶季風型(xing)大陸性氣候(hou)，四季分(fen)明，光照(zhao)充足(zu)，區內自然資(zi)源豐富(fu)。1991年(nian)時(shi)在此(ci)設(she)立了自然保護區，并于(yu)(yu)1992年(nian)晉升為(wei)(wei)國家(jia)級自然保護區，以保護黃(huang)河(he)口原生(sheng)濕地生(sheng)態系(xi)統和丹頂鶴、白頭鶴等(deng)珍稀瀕危鳥(niao)類為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體。另外，資(zi)源豐富(fu)的(de)(de)黃(huang)河(he)三(san)角(jiao)洲(zhou)，對于(yu)(yu)環渤海(hai)及東北亞地區經濟發展，也有著極大地經濟價值(zhi)。

保護對象

動物

區內動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)可分成陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態群(qun)和，海(hai)洋動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態群(qun)，共記錄野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)獸類20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行(xing)類9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)無脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)節肢動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)534種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，扁體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)淡水魚類108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)r環(huan)節動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆蟲12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)洋性水生動物共有41.8種(zhong)(zhong)，其中海(hai)獸類5種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋爬行類1種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋魚類85種(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動物99種(zhong)(zhong)，軟(ruan)體動物95種(zhong)(zhong)，環(huan)節(jie)動物81種(zhong)(zhong)，腔(qiang)腸(chang)動物25種(zhong)(zhong)，紐形動物8種(zhong)(zhong)，棘皮動物10種(zhong)(zhong)，星(xing)蟲動物2種(zhong)(zhong)，腕足動物3種(zhong)(zhong)，毛顎動物1種(zhong)(zhong)，其它脊索動物3種(zhong)(zhong)。

黃(huang)河三角(jiao)洲自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)中(zhong)國最大(da)的一塊新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濕地，區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分為陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態群(qun)和海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態群(qun)，共記錄野(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，無脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；陸(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋性水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)418種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)東北亞內(nei)(nei)陸(lu)和環西太(tai)平洋鳥(niao)(niao)類遷徙重(zhong)要的“中(zhong)轉站(zhan)”，越冬地和繁(fan)殖地。鳥(niao)(niao)類資源(yuan)豐富(fu)，珍(zhen)稀瀕危鳥(niao)(niao)類眾(zhong)多。自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)(nei)共有(you)(you)(you)鳥(niao)(niao)類265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)屬(shu)國家(jia)一級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)：白(bai)鸛(guan)、中(zhong)華秋(qiu)沙(sha)鴨、白(bai)尾(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)雕、金雕、丹頂鶴(he)白(bai)頭鶴(he)、大(da)鴇7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)國家(jia)二級(ji)重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的鳥(niao)(niao)類有(you)(you)(you)海(hai)(hai)(hai)鸕鶿、大(da)天鵝、灰鶴(he)、白(bai)尾(wei)鷂

等33種(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕(bin)危野生動植物種(zhong)(zhong)國際貿易公約(yue)》中(zhong)，屬附錄Ⅰ的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)白鸛、丹頂鶴等7種(zhong)(zhong)，屬附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)花(hua)臉鴨、鵲鷂(yao)等26種(zhong)(zhong)，屬于附錄Ⅲ的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)大白鷺、針(zhen)尾鴨等7種(zhong)(zhong)。在《中(zhong)澳(ao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)候鳥(niao)(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)協定》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類81種(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有(you)51種(zhong)(zhong)。在《中(zhong)日保(bao)護(hu)(hu)候鳥(niao)(niao)及其棲息環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)協定》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類227種(zhong)(zhong)，自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區內有(you)152種(zhong)(zhong)。

自然(ran)保護區其他動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源有(you)(you)：陸生(sheng)(sheng)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，陸生(sheng)(sheng)無脊椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)641種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中國家一級重(zhong)點保護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)：白(bai)鱘、達氏鱘2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)國家二級重(zhong)點保護動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)江豚、寬(kuan)吻海豚、松江鱸魚等7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國際貿(mao)易公(gong)約(yue)》中，屬(shu)附(fu)(fu)錄Ⅰ的(de)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)棱皮龜、江豚2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)(fu)錄Ⅱ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)豹貓、小(xiao)須鯨等4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)于附(fu)(fu)錄Ⅲ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)黃(huang)鼬1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

植物

保護(hu)區(qu)內共有各類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)393種(zhong)(含變(bian)(bian)種(zhong))。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)浮游植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)4門、116種(zhong)(變(bian)(bian)種(zhong))；蕨(jue)類植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)3科、3屬(shu)(shu)、4種(zhong)；裸子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)2科、2屬(shu)(shu)、2種(zhong)；被子(zi)(zi)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)54科、178屬(shu)(shu)、271種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)單(dan)子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)11科、57屬(shu)(shu)、87種(zhong)，雙(shuang)子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)43科、121屬(shu)(shu)、184種(zhong)。

科研價值

濕地生態

濕地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統是水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統向陸地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系(xi)統的(de)一個過渡(du)階段(duan)，其基(ji)本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功能是調(diao)節水

份循(xun)環和維(wei)持濕地(di)的(de)(de)動植物資源，特別是水禽的(de)(de)棲息地(di)和遷移性鳥類的(de)(de)繁殖地(di)，其(qi)脆弱性決定了易(yi)失難復(fu)原的(de)(de)現實，因而開展對濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產者、消費(fei)者的(de)(de)研究(jiu)，掌握(wo)其(qi)演替規律，研究(jiu)其(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)、發(fa)展、組成至關重要(yao)。

林種基因

自然(ran)保(bao)護區內分布著天然(ran)柳林(lin)、天然(ran)檉柳林(lin)及大面積的(de)野大豆，提供了(le)對遺傳(chuan)基因研(yan)究和植物發展演替(ti)規律(lv)研(yan)究的(de)基本材料。

穩定黃河

開展黃河(he)穩流固(gu)道(dao)研(yan)究(jiu)是一個(ge)高難度課題，運(yun)用海動力(li)學原(yuan)理及黃河(he)沉(chen)砂(sha)規律研(yan)究(jiu)穩定黃河(he)尾閭的工程(cheng)措(cuo)施，事(shi)關大局，意(yi)義深遠，將是對全民族的貢獻。

改良土地

自然保(bao)(bao)護區內隱性潮土占保(bao)(bao)護區總(zong)面積的(de)40%，這部分土壤pH值在(zai)7.5～7.8之間，極易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)鹽漬(zi)化(hua)(hua)。50年代(dai)后期的(de)盲目開發(fa)，使該地(di)區大片土地(di)鹽堿(jian)化(hua)(hua)，給當地(di)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境(jing)和工農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產造成(cheng)難以估量的(de)損(sun)失。因此，在(zai)掌握(wo)該濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)演化(hua)(hua)規律的(de)基礎上，開展(zhan)對(dui)鹽堿(jian)地(di)優良環境(jing)研(yan)究(jiu)和對(dui)各類資源(yuan)充(chong)分、合理(li)利用與改良研(yan)究(jiu)，對(dui)我國(guo)建設黃河三角洲(zhou)糧(liang)棉基地(di)有重要意義。