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黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)三(san)角洲，以山東省東營市(shi)墾利(li)縣寧海為(wei)軸點(dian)，北起套爾河(he)(he)(he)口，南至淄脈河(he)(he)(he)口，向(xiang)東撒開的(de)扇狀地形，海拔高(gao)程低于15米(mi)，面(mian)積達(da)5450平方(fang)公里(li)。三(san)角洲屬(shu)溫(wen)帶季風型(xing)大陸(lu)性(xing)氣候(hou)，四(si)季分明，光(guang)照充足，區(qu)(qu)內自然資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富。1991年(nian)時在(zai)此設立了自然保護區(qu)(qu)，并于1992年(nian)晉升為(wei)國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)(qu)，以保護黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)口原生濕地生態系統和丹頂(ding)鶴(he)、白(bai)頭鶴(he)等珍稀瀕危鳥類(lei)為(wei)主體。另外，資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)三(san)角洲，對于環渤(bo)海及東北亞地區(qu)(qu)經濟(ji)發展(zhan)，也有著極大地經濟(ji)價值。

保護對象

動物

區內動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)可分(fen)成陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群和，海洋(yang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群，共記錄野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1524種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)300種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)獸類20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，鳥(niao)類265種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，爬行類9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)棲(qi)類6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)無脊(ji)椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)節肢動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)534種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔(qiang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，扁(bian)體動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。陸生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)223種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)淡水魚類108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)49種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟體動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)13種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原腔(qiang)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，原生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)r環節動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)昆(kun)蟲12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

海(hai)洋(yang)性水生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)共有41.8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其中海(hai)獸類5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋(yang)爬行類1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)洋(yang)魚類85種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，甲殼動(dong)物(wu)(wu)99種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，軟(ruan)體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)95種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，環節動(dong)物(wu)(wu)81種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，腔腸動(dong)物(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，紐形動(dong)物(wu)(wu)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，棘皮(pi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，星蟲(chong)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，腕足動(dong)物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，毛顎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其它脊索動(dong)物(wu)(wu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

黃河三角(jiao)洲自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)是(shi)中(zhong)國最大(da)的(de)一塊新生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)濕(shi)地(di)，區(qu)內動(dong)(dong)物分為陸(lu)(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)洋動(dong)(dong)物生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)群，共記錄(lu)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物1524種(zhong)(zhong)。陸(lu)(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物300種(zhong)(zhong)，無(wu)脊椎動(dong)(dong)物583種(zhong)(zhong)；陸(lu)(lu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物223種(zhong)(zhong)，海(hai)(hai)洋性水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)物418種(zhong)(zhong)。保護(hu)區(qu)是(shi)東北亞(ya)內陸(lu)(lu)和(he)(he)環(huan)西太平洋鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)遷徙重要(yao)的(de)“中(zhong)轉(zhuan)站”，越冬地(di)和(he)(he)繁殖地(di)。鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)資(zi)源豐富(fu)，珍稀瀕危鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)眾多。自(zi)(zi)然(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)內共有(you)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)265種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)屬(shu)國家(jia)一級(ji)重點保護(hu)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)有(you)：白(bai)(bai)鸛、中(zhong)華秋沙鴨、白(bai)(bai)尾海(hai)(hai)雕、金雕、丹頂鶴白(bai)(bai)頭鶴、大(da)鴇(bao)7種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)國家(jia)二級(ji)重點保護(hu)的(de)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)有(you)海(hai)(hai)鸕(lu)鶿(zi)、大(da)天鵝(e)、灰鶴、白(bai)(bai)尾鷂

等(deng)(deng)33種(zhong)。在《瀕(bin)危野生(sheng)動植物種(zhong)國際貿(mao)易(yi)公約》中(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅰ的種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)白鸛、丹頂(ding)鶴等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)，屬(shu)附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅱ的種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)花臉鴨、鵲鷂等(deng)(deng)26種(zhong)，屬(shu)于附(fu)錄(lu)Ⅲ的種(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)有(you)大白鷺、針尾鴨等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)。在《中(zhong)澳(ao)保(bao)護(hu)候鳥及(ji)其棲(qi)息(xi)環境的協定》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)81種(zhong)，自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)51種(zhong)。在《中(zhong)日保(bao)護(hu)候鳥及(ji)其棲(qi)息(xi)環境的協定》中(zhong)，保(bao)護(hu)鳥類(lei)(lei)(lei)227種(zhong)，自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區內有(you)152種(zhong)。

自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區其他動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)資(zi)源有(you)：陸生(sheng)脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)35種(zhong)(zhong)，陸生(sheng)無脊(ji)椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)583種(zhong)(zhong)，水生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)641種(zhong)(zhong)，其中(zhong)國家(jia)一級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)：白鱘、達氏鱘2種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)國家(jia)二級重(zhong)點保(bao)(bao)護(hu)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)江豚、寬(kuan)吻(wen)海豚、松江鱸魚(yu)等(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)。在《瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)國際(ji)貿易公約(yue)》中(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)錄Ⅰ的(de)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)棱皮龜、江豚2種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)附(fu)錄Ⅱ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)豹貓(mao)、小須鯨(jing)等(deng)4種(zhong)(zhong)，屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)附(fu)錄Ⅲ的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)黃鼬1種(zhong)(zhong)。

植物

保護區內共有各類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)393種(zhong)(含變(bian)種(zhong))。其(qi)中(zhong)浮游植物(wu)(wu)4門、116種(zhong)(變(bian)種(zhong))；蕨類(lei)植物(wu)(wu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)、3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、4種(zhong)；裸子(zi)(zi)植物(wu)(wu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)、2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、2種(zhong)；被子(zi)(zi)植物(wu)(wu)54科(ke)(ke)(ke)、178屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、271種(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)單子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)(wu)11科(ke)(ke)(ke)、57屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、87種(zhong)，雙子(zi)(zi)葉(xie)植物(wu)(wu)43科(ke)(ke)(ke)、121屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)、184種(zhong)。

科研價值

濕地生態

濕地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統是(shi)水生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統向陸地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統的(de)一個過(guo)渡階段，其基本生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能(neng)是(shi)調(diao)節水

份循(xun)環(huan)和(he)維持濕地(di)(di)的(de)(de)動植物資源，特別是水(shui)禽(qin)的(de)(de)棲息地(di)(di)和(he)遷移性(xing)鳥類的(de)(de)繁(fan)殖地(di)(di)，其脆(cui)弱性(xing)決定了易失難(nan)復原的(de)(de)現實，因(yin)而(er)開展(zhan)對濕地(di)(di)生態系統的(de)(de)生產(chan)者(zhe)、消費者(zhe)的(de)(de)研究，掌握其演替規律，研究其發生、發展(zhan)、組成至(zhi)關重(zhong)要。

林種基因

自然(ran)保護區內(nei)分布著天然(ran)柳林、天然(ran)檉柳林及大面積的野大豆，提(ti)供了對遺傳基因研(yan)究和植物發展(zhan)演替(ti)規律研(yan)究的基本材料。

穩定黃河

開展黃(huang)河(he)穩(wen)流(liu)固道(dao)研(yan)究是一(yi)個高難度課(ke)題，運用海(hai)動力學原理及黃(huang)河(he)沉砂(sha)規律研(yan)究穩(wen)定(ding)黃(huang)河(he)尾閭的工程措施，事關大局，意義深(shen)遠(yuan)，將(jiang)是對全民族(zu)的貢獻(xian)。

改良土地

自然保護區(qu)內隱性潮土(tu)占保護區(qu)總面積的(de)40%，這部(bu)分(fen)(fen)土(tu)壤pH值在(zai)7.5～7.8之間，極易發(fa)生鹽(yan)漬(zi)化。50年(nian)代后(hou)期的(de)盲(mang)目開(kai)(kai)發(fa)，使該(gai)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)大片土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)堿化，給當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)生態環(huan)境和工農業(ye)生產造成難以估(gu)量的(de)損(sun)失。因此，在(zai)掌握該(gai)濕地(di)(di)(di)生態系統演化規(gui)律的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎上(shang)，開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)對鹽(yan)堿地(di)(di)(di)優良(liang)環(huan)境研究和對各(ge)類資源(yuan)充(chong)分(fen)(fen)、合理利用與改良(liang)研究，對我(wo)國建設黃河三角(jiao)洲糧棉基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)有重要意義。