縣衙簡介
葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya),位于河南省葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)境內,始(shi)建(jian)于明洪武二年(nian)(公元1369年(nian)),自始(shi)建(jian)至(zhi)1997年(nian),一(yi)直作為(wei)葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)政(zheng)府所(suo)在地而(er)得以(yi)保(bao)存至(zhi)今(jin)。1997年(nian)12月開始(shi)對(dui)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)進行修復,并以(yi)此為(wei)依托(tuo)成立葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)博物館,1999年(nian)國慶期間對(dui)外開放。是(shi)目前我國現存的古代(dai)衙(ya)署中(zhong)惟一(yi)的明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)建(jian)筑。葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)明代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)不但(dan)規模宏大,氣勢雄偉,而(er)且還是(shi)一(yi)座五(wu)品(pin)縣(xian)(xian)衙(ya)。根據我國古代(dai)的官(guan)制,知縣(xian)(xian)一(yi)般為(wei)七(qi)品(pin)官(guan)銜,而(er)葉(xie)(xie)縣(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)卻為(wei)五(wu)品(pin)縣(xian)(xian)令(ling)。按照(zhao)明代(dai)體制。
縣衙建筑
葉縣縣衙為省級文物保護單位,建于明代洪武二年(公元1369年),位于(yu)葉(xie)縣(xian)昆陽(yang)鎮中心街,占地面積(ji)16848平(ping)方米,整(zheng)座建筑(zhu)由(you)中軸(zhou)和東、西兩側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)上(shang)的(de)41個(ge)單(dan)元、153間房(fang)屋組成(cheng)。位于(yu)中軸(zhou)線(xian)上(shang)的(de)建筑(zhu)由(you)南向北(bei)照(zhao)壁(bi)、大(da)門(men)、儀(yi)門(men)、卷棚、大(da)堂(tang)(tang)、宅門(men)、二堂(tang)(tang)、三堂(tang)(tang)及附屬的(de)科、班廂房(fang)等;東側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)依次(ci)為(wei)獄(yu)房(fang)、廚院(yuan)、知(zhi)縣(xian)宅等;西側(ce)(ce)副(fu)線(xian)依次(ci)為(wei)西群(qun)房(fang)、虛(xu)受堂(tang)(tang)、思補齋等;三堂(tang)(tang)后為(wei)大(da)仙祠(ci)和后花完;大(da)門(men)東側(ce)(ce)有編鐘演奏室和文物展(zhan)室,在(zai)這里,游客可以欣賞(shang)我(wo)了古代宮廷音樂,還可以瀏(liu)覽我(wo)了僅(jin)存在(zai)的(de)珍(zhen)貴文物70多(duo)件。
葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)位于中原腹地,自古就是南通云(yun)貴(gui)、北(bei)達幽燕的(de)交通要道,戰略(lve)位置(zhi)十分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要。漢代(dai)葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)又是由(you)葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昆陽(yang)、紅陽(yang)、舞陽(yang)及綢(chou)陽(yang)的(de)部(bu)分合并而成,加之當時人口及上繳稅(shui)賦較多(duo),均(jun)屬上縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),所以(yi),明(ming)清時期葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)行政長官(guan)多(duo)可享受同知銜(正五品)待遇。葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)具有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)歷史價(jia)值、藝術價(jia)值和科學價(jia)值。據省文物(wu)局(ju)1997年10月組織專家(jia)說,葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)落(luo)布局(ju)合理、規模宏大(da),是我國古代(dai)為數(shu)不多(duo)的(de)幸存者。其建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形式(shi)融(rong)南北(bei)之風格,對研(yan)(yan)究我了(le)古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)風格、流派特點及變化規律具有重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)價(jia)值,也是研(yan)(yan)究我了(le)古代(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)級政權機(ji)構的(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要實物(wu)依據。
館藏文物
縣(xian)衙內設(she)有(you)(you)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庫(ku)房(fang)及展廳(ting)。文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庫(ku)房(fang)及展廳(ting)建于2001年12月,建筑(zhu)面積473平方米,屬磚混結構、仿古建筑(zhu)。分(fen)(fen)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庫(ku)房(fang)、精(jing)品(pin)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)陳展大(da)廳(ting)、監(jian)控室、值班(ban)室等部(bu)分(fen)(fen),從1000多(duo)件(jian)(jian)庫(ku)存(cun)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,選出300多(duo)件(jian)(jian)精(jing)品(pin)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)進行展覽(lan),其中有(you)(you)70多(duo)伯文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)為全僅存(cun)的(de)稀(xi)世珍寶(bao)。2002年,舊(jiu)縣(xian)4號墓出士(shi)的(de)一(yi)套完整的(de)青銅編鐘(zhong)現展于此(ci),其復制品(pin)被放在編鐘(zhong)演奏廳(ting)專門用于演奏。縣(xian)衙博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)館及文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)庫(ku)房(fang)現有(you)(you)藏品(pin)2100多(duo)件(jian)(jian)(套)、其,一(yi)級文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)62件(jian)(jian),二級文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu) 51件(jian)(jian),三級文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)409件(jian)(jian),一(yi)般文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)680件(jian)(jian),其它文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1000多(duo)件(jian)(jian)。
藏品(pin)以征集的明、清時期木制家具為(wei)主。在搞好(hao)陳列工作的同時,葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙博物(wu)館以自身文化特色為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu),把(ba)現存省保單(dan)位黃庭堅《幽蘭賦》碑及《戒石銘(ming)》復制并制作成拓片、印(yin)刷本,以縣(xian)(xian)衙藏品(pin)為(wei)內(nei)容開發制作成金箔畫(hua)等(deng)工藝品(pin),還組織編寫了《葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)沈諸(zhu)梁》、《葉(xie)氏(shi)溯源》、《葉(xie)縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)署》資料等(deng)。
歷史沿革
葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya),是目前我(wo)國(guo)(guo)現存的(de)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)衙(ya)(ya)署中(zhong)惟一的(de)明代(dai)(dai)(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)明代(dai)(dai)(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)不但規模宏大,氣勢(shi)雄偉(wei),而且(qie)還是一座五品(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)。根(gen)據(ju)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)官制(zhi),知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一般(ban)為七品(pin)官銜,而葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)知縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)卻為五品(pin)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令。按照明代(dai)(dai)(dai)體制(zhi),全國(guo)(guo)的(de)屬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)為上(shang)中(zhong)下三等。葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)域(yu)寬(kuan)廣(guang),由漢代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、昆(kun)陽(yang)、紅陽(yang)、舞陽(yang)4縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)犨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)部(bu)分(fen)組(zu)成,每年上(shang)繳(jiao)稅賦10萬石以上(shang);加之(zhi)根(gen)據(ju)畿、望(wang)、緊、赤的(de)條件,葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處(chu)南(nan)北(bei)交通(tong)要(yao)道(dao),處(chu)于緊(交通(tong)要(yao)道(dao))位置,故縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)令多(duo)由同知銜的(de)五品(pin)官擔任。因此,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)的(de)規格(ge)也比一般(ban)的(de)要(yao)高。據(ju)省文物局專家論證,葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群落布(bu)局合理、規模宏大,其建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)形式融南(nan)北(bei)之(zhi)風(feng)格(ge),對研(yan)究我(wo)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)風(feng)格(ge)、流派特點及(ji)變化(hua)規律等都具有重要(yao)價(jia)值(zhi)。
葉縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)衙修(xiu)復工程(cheng)于1997年(nian)12月(yue)8日正式開工,至1999年(nian)10月(yue)1日主體部分對(dui)(dui)外開放。2001年(nian)7月(yue),縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)決定對(dui)(dui)縣(xian)(xian)衙東、西(xi)副線上(shang)的(de)(de)建筑進行全面修(xiu)復。經(jing)過一年(nian)多的(de)(de)緊張施工,目前修(xiu)復工程(cheng)已經(jing)結束(shu)。為完(wan)成縣(xian)(xian)衙修(xiu)復工程(cheng),縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)投(tou)入了大(da)量的(de)(de)人力(li)、物力(li);共拆除(chu)縣(xian)(xian)衙周圍112家住戶的(de)(de)房(fang)間310間;拆除(chu)單位(wei)樓(lou)房(fang)建筑5幢(chuang);總拆遷面積近7000平方(fang)米;投(tou)入資金(jin)640萬元。整個修(xiu)復工作嚴格(ge)按照修(xiu)舊如舊的(de)(de)原則(ze),較(jiao)好地保(bao)留(liu)了明清(qing)風(feng)格(ge)。修(xiu)復后(hou)的(de)(de)縣(xian)(xian)衙由大(da)堂(tang)(tang)、二堂(tang)(tang)、三堂(tang)(tang)及所屬的(de)(de)東西(xi)班(ban)房(fang)、六科(ke)房(fang)和(he)東西(xi)廂房(fang)以及監獄、廚院、知縣(xian)(xian)宅、西(xi)群房(fang)、虛受堂(tang)(tang)、思(si)補齋、南北(bei)書屋、后(hou)花(hua)園、大(da)仙祠等,共41個單元、153間房(fang)屋,是目前國內保(bao)存最完(wan)整的(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)衙署。
葉(xie)縣縣衙(ya)自(zi)1999年國慶節(jie)前對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放以(yi)來,共(gong)接待中外(wai)游客(ke)10萬余人,省、部級以(yi)上(shang)領導(dao)30多(duo)位。葉(xie)縣明代縣衙(ya)已(yi)經成為(wei)葉(xie)縣對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放的(de)(de)重要窗口。為(wei)增加縣衙(ya)文化(hua)的(de)(de)內(nei)涵,提高觀賞價值,葉(xie)縣又把文物(wu)庫(ku)房搬遷到新落成的(de)(de)文物(wu)展廳內(nei),從1000多(duo)件庫(ku)存文物(wu)中選(xuan)出300多(duo)件精品進行展覽,其中有70多(duo)件文物(wu)為(wei)全國僅存的(de)(de)稀世珍(zhen)寶。
我(wo)國歷史上曾有過兩萬多座各級衙(ya)(ya)門,現在僅殘存7座,其中縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)僅余4座,即(ji)江西浮梁縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)、山西平遙(yao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)和我(wo)省的內鄉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)與葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya),而葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)是(shi)唯一(yi)一(yi)座明(ming)代(dai)(dai)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)。據《河(he)南(nan)通志》載:葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)始建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)洪武(wu)二年(nian),距今已(yi)有600多年(nian)歷史。據省文物局組織專家(jia)論證,葉縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)衙(ya)(ya)建(jian)筑群(qun)建(jian)筑形(xing)式(shi)融南(nan)北之(zhi)風格,對(dui)研究我(wo)國古代(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑的風格、流派特點及變化(hua)規律(lv)等都具(ju)有重(zhong)要價值。
交通信息
公交車
華寶商場站(zhan)乘坐30路(lu),經過(guo)4站(zhan), 到達師(shi)專(zhuan)站(zhan) 步行約30米(mi),到達平頂(ding)山(shan)學院
自駕
1、從(cong)平頂山站(zhan)向正(zheng)西(xi)方(fang)向出發,沿建設路(lu)行駛610米(mi),左轉進入光(guang)明路(lu)
2、 沿光明路行駛3.0公里(li),稍(shao)向左后轉(zhuan)彎(wan)進入(ru)S241
3、沿(yan)S241行(xing)駛2.2公里,右前方轉(zhuan)彎
4、 行駛410米(mi),直行進入農(nong)科(ke)路
5、 沿農科(ke)路(lu)行駛2.6公里(li),左前方轉(zhuan)彎進入南洛高(gao)速公路(lu)
6、沿南洛高速公(gong)路行駛8.4公(gong)里(li),右前方轉彎進入S103
7、沿S103行(xing)駛440米,左前方轉彎進入(ru)G311
8、沿(yan)G311行駛(shi)2.9公里,直行進入昆陽大道(dao)
9、沿昆(kun)陽大道行駛360米,右(you)轉進(jin)入九龍路
10、沿九龍路行駛180米,到達終點