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簡介

紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)它是(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)黃麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策源地(di)(di)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)三大(da)(da)主(zhu)力之一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)四(si)方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生地(di)(di)，是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)僅次于井岡(gang)山的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)大(da)(da)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)——鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)，曾被命(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)安，原名(ming)(ming)黃安，位于大(da)(da)別山南麓鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)兩省交界處，七(qi)(qi)(qi)十八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前，一群(qun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共產黨(dang)(dang)人領導(dao)當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農工(gong)發動了(le)(le)史(shi)稱“黃麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴動，并以此為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)建立了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)蘇(su)維埃(ai)紅(hong)(hong)色政(zheng)權(quan)。整(zheng)個戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，共有(you)14萬紅(hong)(hong)安兒女獻出了(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)(ming)(ming)，從這片被血染紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)上，也才(cai)走出了(le)(le)董必(bi)武(wu)、李先念兩任(ren)共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家主(zhu)席，還(huan)有(you)韓先楚、秦(qin)基偉(wei)等威名(ming)(ming)顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)223名(ming)(ming)共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)是(shi)第(di)二(er)次國(guo)(guo)(guo)內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時期重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)之一。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立了(le)(le)共產黨(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織， 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)共黃（安）麻(ma)（城）特委(wei)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)央“八(ba)(ba)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”會(hui)(hui)議精神，領到了(le)(le)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)。起(qi)義(yi)(yi)部隊(dui)在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)誓師，經過了(le)(le)激(ji)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗(dou)攻克了(le)(le)黃安縣(xian)(xian)城，成(cheng)立了(le)(le)黃安縣(xian)(xian)農民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)政(zheng)權(quan)，并建立了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)軍(jun)(jun)鄂(e)(e)東(dong)軍(jun)(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng)，七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)；1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)也被改名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。同(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)在(zai)此召開了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)邊區(qu)第(di)一次工(gong)農兵(bing)代(dai)表大(da)(da)會(hui)(hui)，選舉了(le)(le)蘇(su)維埃(ai)政(zheng)府成(cheng)員。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)組成(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)工(gong)農紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)四(si)方(fang)面軍(jun)(jun)，總指揮是(shi)徐向前，陳(chen)昌浩(hao)任(ren)政(zheng)治委(wei)員。紅(hong)(hong)安七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊(jiu)址保存完整(zheng)，現存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊(jiu)址四(si)十余(yu)處，有(you)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)特區(qu)蘇(su)維埃(ai)、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)法庭、工(gong)會(hui)(hui)、銀行(xing)、黃麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)會(hui)(hui)場、中(zhong)共黃安縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)駐地(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)經濟公社、列寧(ning)小學等。在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮(zhen)后山上建立了(le)(le)紀(ji)念碑(bei)，碑(bei)上鐫刻有(you)董必(bi)武(wu)手書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)烈士永垂不朽”八(ba)(ba)個大(da)(da)字。

歷史沿革

紅安(an)(an)七里坪(ping)(ping)是第二次國(guo)內革命(ming)戰(zhan)爭時期重要的(de)(de)(de)革命(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)之一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)就建立了(le)共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)(zu)織，1927年(nian)(nian)蔣介石發動“四一(yi)二”政(zheng)變(bian)叛變(bian)革命(ming)后，這(zhe)里就成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)了(le)黃(huang)麻地(di)區革命(ming)活動的(de)(de)(de)策源(yuan)地(di)。1927年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，中(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)（安(an)(an)）麻（城(cheng)(cheng)）特(te)委(wei)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)央“八七”會議(yi)精神，領到了(le)著名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)麻起(qi)義(yi)。起(qi)義(yi)部隊在(zai)在(zai)七里坪(ping)(ping)誓師(shi)，經過了(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗攻克了(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣城(cheng)(cheng)，成(cheng)立了(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣農(nong)(nong)民(min)革命(ming)政(zheng)權，并建立了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)革命(ming)軍鄂東軍。1929年(nian)(nian)，鄂豫(yu)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)形成(cheng)，七里坪(ping)(ping)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)。1930年(nian)(nian)，鄂豫(yu)皖革命(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)形成(cheng)，七里坪(ping)(ping)也被(bei)改名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧市”，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)革命(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)重要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)部分。同年(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)在(zai)此召開了(le)鄂豫(yu)皖邊區第一(yi)次工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)兵代表大會，選(xuan)舉(ju)了(le)蘇維埃(ai)政(zheng)府成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)，在(zai)七里坪(ping)(ping)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)紅軍第四方面軍，總指(zhi)揮是徐(xu)向(xiang)前，陳昌浩任政(zheng)治委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)。

紅安七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址保(bao)存完整(zheng)，現(xian)存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址四(si)十(shi)余處，有鄂豫皖特(te)區(qu)蘇維(wei)埃、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)法(fa)庭、工會(hui)、銀行(xing)、黃麻起義會(hui)場、中共(gong)黃安縣委駐(zhu)地(di)、紅軍(jun)經濟公社、列寧(ning)小(xiao)學等(deng)。在七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)鎮后(hou)山上建立了紀(ji)念碑，碑上鐫(juan)刻有董(dong)必武(wu)手書的(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)烈士永垂不朽”八個大字。七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)念館設在列寧(ning)小(xiao)學舊址，陳列有革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)史料供后(hou)人參觀(guan)。