簡介
紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)鎮它是(shi)著名黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策源地(di)(di),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三大(da)(da)(da)主力之(zhi)(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)四方面軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生(sheng)地(di)(di),是(shi)全國(guo)(guo)僅次(ci)于(yu)井岡山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二大(da)(da)(da)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)——鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖革命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心,曾被命(ming)(ming)(ming)名為(wei)“列寧(ning)市”。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an),原(yuan)名黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an),位于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)別山(shan)南麓鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)兩(liang)省交(jiao)界處,七(qi)(qi)(qi)十八(ba)年前,一群年輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)產(chan)黨人(ren)領(ling)導當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)工發動了(le)(le)(le)史稱“黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴動,并以此(ci)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖蘇(su)維(wei)埃紅(hong)(hong)色政(zheng)權。整(zheng)(zheng)個戰(zhan)爭年代,共(gong)有14萬(wan)紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)兒(er)女(nv)獻(xian)出了(le)(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming),從這片被血染紅(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)地(di)(di)上(shang),也(ye)(ye)才(cai)走出了(le)(le)(le)董(dong)必武(wu)、李先(xian)念(nian)兩(liang)任共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)主席,還有韓先(xian)楚(chu)、秦(qin)基偉等威名顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)223名共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)是(shi)第(di)二次(ci)國(guo)(guo)內革命(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時期重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。1924年就(jiu)建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)共(gong)產(chan)黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)組織, 1927年11月,中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(安(an)(an)(an)(an))麻(城)特(te)委根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央“八(ba)七(qi)(qi)(qi)”會議精(jing)神,領(ling)到了(le)(le)(le)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義。起(qi)義部隊在在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)誓師,經過了(le)(le)(le)激(ji)烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗攻克了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣城,成(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣農(nong)(nong)民革命(ming)(ming)(ming)政(zheng)權,并建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂(e)(e)東軍(jun)。1929年,鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng),七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)成(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心;1930年七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)也(ye)(ye)被改名為(wei)“列寧(ning)市”。同年秋在此(ci)召開(kai)了(le)(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖邊區第(di)一次(ci)工農(nong)(nong)兵代表大(da)(da)(da)會,選(xuan)舉(ju)了(le)(le)(le)蘇(su)維(wei)埃政(zheng)府成(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)。1931年11月,在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)組成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第(di)四方面軍(jun),總指(zhi)揮是(shi)徐向前,陳昌浩任政(zheng)治委員(yuan)(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址(zhi)保存完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng),現存革命(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址(zhi)四十余處,有鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖特(te)區蘇(su)維(wei)埃、革命(ming)(ming)(ming)法(fa)庭、工會、銀行、黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)麻起(qi)義會場、中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣委駐地(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經濟公社、列寧(ning)小學等。在七(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)鎮后山(shan)上(shang)建(jian)(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)紀(ji)念(nian)碑,碑上(shang)鐫刻(ke)有董(dong)必武(wu)手書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“革命(ming)(ming)(ming)烈(lie)士永垂(chui)不朽”八(ba)個大(da)(da)(da)字(zi)。
歷史沿革
紅安(an)(an)七里(li)坪是第二次(ci)(ci)國內革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命戰爭時(shi)期重要的(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)之一。1924年(nian)就(jiu)建立(li)了(le)(le)共產黨的(de)組(zu)(zu)織(zhi),1927年(nian)蔣介(jie)石發動“四(si)一二”政(zheng)變叛變革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命后,這里(li)就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)為了(le)(le)黃(huang)麻(ma)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命活動的(de)策源地(di)(di)(di)。1927年(nian)11月,中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)(安(an)(an))麻(ma)(城)特委根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)“八七”會議精神,領到了(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)黃(huang)麻(ma)起義。起義部隊(dui)在(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)七里(li)坪誓師,經過了(le)(le)激烈(lie)的(de)戰斗攻克(ke)了(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)城,成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)農(nong)民革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命政(zheng)權,并(bing)建立(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國工農(nong)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命軍鄂(e)(e)東軍。1929年(nian),鄂(e)(e)豫根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),七里(li)坪成(cheng)(cheng)為根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。1930年(nian),鄂(e)(e)豫皖革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng),七里(li)坪也被改名(ming)為“列寧市”,成(cheng)(cheng)為革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)重要組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分。同年(nian)秋(qiu)在(zai)(zai)此召開了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫皖邊(bian)區(qu)第一次(ci)(ci)工農(nong)兵(bing)代表大會,選(xuan)舉了(le)(le)蘇維埃政(zheng)府(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)員。1931年(nian)11月,在(zai)(zai)七里(li)坪組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國工農(nong)紅軍第四(si)方面軍,總(zong)指揮(hui)是徐(xu)向(xiang)前,陳(chen)昌浩任政(zheng)治(zhi)委員。
紅安七里(li)坪(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)整,現(xian)存(cun)(cun)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址四十余處,有(you)(you)鄂豫皖特(te)區(qu)蘇維埃、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)法庭、工會、銀行、黃(huang)麻(ma)起義會場(chang)、中(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)安縣委駐地、紅軍經(jing)濟公(gong)社、列(lie)寧小學(xue)等。在七里(li)坪(ping)鎮后山上(shang)(shang)建立(li)了紀念碑,碑上(shang)(shang)鐫刻有(you)(you)董必武(wu)手書的“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)烈士永垂不朽”八個大字(zi)。七里(li)坪(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)紀念館設在列(lie)寧小學(xue)舊址,陳(chen)列(lie)有(you)(you)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的史料供(gong)后人參觀(guan)。