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簡介

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)鎮它是(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)麻起義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)策(ce)源地(di)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三(san)大主力之一的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)四方(fang)面(mian)(mian)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)誕(dan)生(sheng)地(di)，是(shi)全國(guo)僅次于井岡山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)第二大根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)——鄂豫皖革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)，曾被(bei)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)，原名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)安(an)，位(wei)于大別山(shan)南麓鄂豫兩(liang)省(sheng)交界(jie)處，七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)前，一群年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)共產黨人領(ling)導當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)工(gong)(gong)發動了(le)(le)(le)史稱“黃(huang)麻起義(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)武裝暴動，并(bing)以(yi)此(ci)為中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)鄂豫皖蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)色政權。整個(ge)戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，共有14萬紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)兒女獻出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)，從這片被(bei)血染紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)上，也才走出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)董(dong)必(bi)武、李先(xian)(xian)念兩(liang)任(ren)共和國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家主席(xi)，還(huan)有韓先(xian)(xian)楚、秦基偉等威名(ming)(ming)(ming)顯赫(he)的(de)(de)(de)223名(ming)(ming)(ming)共和國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)是(shi)第二次國(guo)內革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)之一。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)組織， 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)（安(an)）麻（城）特(te)委根(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央“八七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”會議(yi)精神，領(ling)到了(le)(le)(le)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)麻起義(yi)。起義(yi)部隊在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)誓師(shi)，經(jing)過了(le)(le)(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗(dou)攻克了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)縣城，成立(li)了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)縣農(nong)(nong)(nong)民革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)政權，并(bing)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂豫根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)形成，七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)成為根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)；1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)也被(bei)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此(ci)召開了(le)(le)(le)鄂豫皖邊區第一次工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)兵(bing)代(dai)表(biao)大會，選舉了(le)(le)(le)蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃政府(fu)成員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)組成了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第四方(fang)面(mian)(mian)軍(jun)，總指(zhi)揮是(shi)徐向前，陳昌浩任(ren)政治(zhi)委員(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址(zhi)(zhi)保存(cun)完整，現存(cun)革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)舊址(zhi)(zhi)四十(shi)(shi)余(yu)處，有鄂豫皖特(te)區蘇(su)維(wei)(wei)埃、革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)法庭、工(gong)(gong)會、銀(yin)行、黃(huang)麻起義(yi)會場、中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)安(an)縣委駐(zhu)地(di)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經(jing)濟(ji)公社(she)、列寧(ning)小學(xue)等。在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)里坪(ping)(ping)鎮后山(shan)上建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)紀念碑，碑上鐫刻有董(dong)必(bi)武手(shou)書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)“革命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)烈士(shi)永(yong)垂不朽”八個(ge)大字。

歷史沿革

紅(hong)安(an)(an)七(qi)里坪是(shi)第二(er)次(ci)國內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)爭時期重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)之一。1924年(nian)就建立了(le)共產黨的(de)(de)(de)組織，1927年(nian)蔣介石發動“四(si)一二(er)”政(zheng)變叛變革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)后(hou)，這(zhe)里就成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)黃麻地(di)區(qu)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)活動的(de)(de)(de)策源地(di)。1927年(nian)11月(yue)，中共黃（安(an)(an)）麻（城(cheng)）特委根(gen)據(ju)中央(yang)“八(ba)七(qi)”會議(yi)精神，領到了(le)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)黃麻起義(yi)。起義(yi)部隊在在七(qi)里坪誓(shi)師，經過了(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗(dou)攻克了(le)黃安(an)(an)縣城(cheng)，成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)黃安(an)(an)縣農(nong)(nong)民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)政(zheng)權，并建立了(le)中國工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂(e)(e)東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)，鄂(e)(e)豫根(gen)據(ju)地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)里坪成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)中心。1930年(nian)，鄂(e)(e)豫皖革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)里坪也被改(gai)名(ming)(ming)為(wei)“列寧市”，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。同(tong)年(nian)秋(qiu)在此召開(kai)了(le)鄂(e)(e)豫皖邊(bian)區(qu)第一次(ci)工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)兵代(dai)表大會，選舉了(le)蘇維埃政(zheng)府成(cheng)(cheng)員。1931年(nian)11月(yue)，在七(qi)里坪組成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)中國工(gong)(gong)農(nong)(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)第四(si)方面軍(jun)，總指揮是(shi)徐向前，陳昌(chang)浩(hao)任政(zheng)治(zhi)委員。

紅(hong)安(an)七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址(zhi)保存完整，現存革(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址(zhi)四十余處，有鄂豫(yu)皖特區(qu)蘇維埃、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)法庭、工會、銀行、黃麻起義(yi)會場、中共黃安(an)縣委(wei)駐地、紅(hong)軍經濟公(gong)社(she)、列寧小學等。在七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)鎮后山上建(jian)立了紀念(nian)(nian)碑，碑上鐫刻有董(dong)必武(wu)手(shou)書的(de)“革(ge)(ge)命(ming)烈士(shi)永(yong)垂不朽”八個大字。七(qi)里(li)坪(ping)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)紀念(nian)(nian)館設在列寧小學舊址(zhi)，陳列有革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)史(shi)料供后人(ren)參觀。