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簡介

紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮它是(shi)(shi)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)起義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)策源(yuan)地(di)(di)，中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三大主力之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)四方(fang)面軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)誕生地(di)(di)，是(shi)(shi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)僅次(ci)于井岡山的(de)(de)(de)第(di)二(er)大根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)——鄂豫皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)，曾被(bei)命(ming)(ming)名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)，原名(ming)(ming)(ming)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)，位于大別山南麓(lu)鄂豫兩省交(jiao)界處，七(qi)十(shi)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前，一(yi)群年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)人領(ling)(ling)導當地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)工發動了(le)史稱“黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)起義(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴動，并(bing)以此(ci)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)建立(li)(li)了(le)鄂豫皖(wan)蘇維(wei)埃(ai)紅(hong)(hong)色政權(quan)。整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)戰爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，共(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)14萬紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)兒(er)女獻出(chu)了(le)自己(ji)的(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)(ming)，從這片(pian)被(bei)血染(ran)紅(hong)(hong)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)上，也才走出(chu)了(le)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)、李先念兩任共(gong)(gong)(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家主席，還有(you)韓(han)先楚(chu)、秦基偉(wei)等(deng)威(wei)名(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)赫(he)的(de)(de)(de)223名(ming)(ming)(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)是(shi)(shi)第(di)二(er)次(ci)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)戰爭時期(qi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)之(zhi)一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立(li)(li)了(le)共(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)組織， 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)黃(huang)(huang)（安(an)(an)(an)）麻(ma)(ma)（城）特委根(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)央“八(ba)七(qi)”會(hui)議精神，領(ling)(ling)到(dao)了(le)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)起義(yi)(yi)。起義(yi)(yi)部隊在在七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)誓師，經過(guo)了(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)戰斗攻克(ke)了(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣城，成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣農(nong)民(min)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)政權(quan)，并(bing)建立(li)(li)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工農(nong)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)軍(jun)鄂東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂豫根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)形成(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)；1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)也被(bei)改名(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在此(ci)召開了(le)鄂豫皖(wan)邊區(qu)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)工農(nong)兵(bing)代(dai)表大會(hui)，選舉了(le)蘇維(wei)埃(ai)政府成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)組成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)工農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第(di)四方(fang)面軍(jun)，總(zong)指揮是(shi)(shi)徐向前，陳昌浩任政治委員(yuan)(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)舊(jiu)址保(bao)存完整(zheng)(zheng)，現存革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)舊(jiu)址四十(shi)余處，有(you)鄂豫皖(wan)特區(qu)蘇維(wei)埃(ai)、革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)法庭、工會(hui)、銀行、黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)起義(yi)(yi)會(hui)場、中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)(an)縣委駐(zhu)地(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經濟公社、列寧(ning)小學等(deng)。在七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)鎮后山上建立(li)(li)了(le)紀念碑，碑上鐫刻有(you)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)手書的(de)(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)烈士(shi)永垂不朽(xiu)”八(ba)個(ge)大字。

歷史沿革

紅安七里(li)坪(ping)是第二(er)次國(guo)內革命(ming)(ming)戰爭時(shi)期重要的革命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)之一(yi)。1924年就建立(li)了(le)(le)共產黨的組織，1927年蔣(jiang)介石發動“四(si)一(yi)二(er)”政變(bian)叛變(bian)革命(ming)(ming)后，這里(li)就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)黃(huang)麻地(di)(di)區革命(ming)(ming)活動的策源地(di)(di)。1927年11月，中(zhong)共黃(huang)（安）麻（城）特委根(gen)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)央(yang)“八七”會(hui)議精神(shen)，領到了(le)(le)著名的黃(huang)麻起義。起義部隊在在七里(li)坪(ping)誓師，經過了(le)(le)激烈(lie)的戰斗攻克了(le)(le)黃(huang)安縣城，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)黃(huang)安縣農民革命(ming)(ming)政權，并(bing)建立(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工農革命(ming)(ming)軍鄂(e)(e)東軍。1929年，鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，七里(li)坪(ping)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)的中(zhong)心。1930年，鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)革命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，七里(li)坪(ping)也(ye)被改名為(wei)“列寧市”，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)革命(ming)(ming)根(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)的重要組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分。同(tong)年秋在此召開(kai)了(le)(le)鄂(e)(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)邊(bian)區第一(yi)次工農兵(bing)代表(biao)大會(hui)，選舉了(le)(le)蘇(su)維埃政府(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)。1931年11月，在七里(li)坪(ping)組成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工農紅軍第四(si)方面軍，總指揮是徐向前，陳昌浩任政治(zhi)委員(yuan)。

紅安七里(li)坪(ping)革命(ming)舊(jiu)址保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)整(zheng)，現存(cun)(cun)革命(ming)舊(jiu)址四十余(yu)處，有(you)鄂豫(yu)皖特區蘇(su)維埃、革命(ming)法庭(ting)、工(gong)會(hui)、銀行(xing)、黃麻(ma)起義(yi)會(hui)場、中(zhong)共黃安縣委駐地、紅軍(jun)經濟公社、列(lie)寧小學(xue)等。在(zai)七里(li)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)后(hou)山上建立了紀念碑(bei)，碑(bei)上鐫刻(ke)有(you)董(dong)必武手書的“革命(ming)烈士(shi)永垂(chui)不朽”八個大字。七里(li)坪(ping)革命(ming)紀念館(guan)設在(zai)列(lie)寧小學(xue)舊(jiu)址，陳(chen)列(lie)有(you)革命(ming)的史料供后(hou)人(ren)參觀(guan)。