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簡介

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)鎮它是著名(ming)黃(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)策(ce)源地(di)(di)(di)，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三大主(zhu)力之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)四方面(mian)軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生(sheng)地(di)(di)(di)，是全國(guo)(guo)僅次(ci)于井岡山的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)二大根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)——鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心，曾被命名(ming)為(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，原名(ming)黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)，位(wei)于大別山南麓(lu)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)兩省交(jiao)界處，七(qi)(qi)(qi)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)前，一(yi)(yi)(yi)群年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de)共產黨(dang)人(ren)領(ling)導(dao)當地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)工發動(dong)了(le)史稱“黃(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)裝暴動(dong)，并以(yi)此為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心建(jian)立了(le)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)蘇(su)維埃紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)政權。整(zheng)個(ge)戰(zhan)爭年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)，共有(you)14萬紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)兒女(nv)獻出了(le)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命，從這片被血染紅(hong)(hong)(hong)了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)上，也才走出了(le)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)(wu)、李(li)先(xian)念兩任(ren)共和(he)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)家主(zhu)席，還(huan)有(you)韓先(xian)楚、秦基偉等威名(ming)顯赫的(de)(de)(de)(de)223名(ming)共和(he)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)是第(di)二次(ci)國(guo)(guo)內(nei)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命戰(zhan)爭時(shi)期(qi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建(jian)立了(le)共產黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織， 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)（安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)）麻(ma)（城）特委根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)央“八七(qi)(qi)(qi)”會(hui)議精神，領(ling)到了(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)。起(qi)義(yi)(yi)部(bu)隊在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)誓師(shi)，經(jing)(jing)過了(le)激烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗攻克了(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)城，成(cheng)立了(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命政權，并建(jian)立了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命軍(jun)鄂(e)東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)形成(cheng)，七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)成(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)心；1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)也被改名(ming)為(wei)“列寧(ning)市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此召開了(le)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)邊區(qu)第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)兵(bing)代(dai)表大會(hui)，選舉(ju)了(le)蘇(su)維埃政府成(cheng)員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)組成(cheng)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第(di)四方面(mian)軍(jun)，總指揮(hui)是徐向前，陳昌浩任(ren)政治委員(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命舊址保(bao)存完(wan)整(zheng)，現(xian)存革(ge)(ge)(ge)命舊址四十(shi)余處，有(you)鄂(e)豫(yu)(yu)皖(wan)特區(qu)蘇(su)維埃、革(ge)(ge)(ge)命法(fa)庭(ting)、工會(hui)、銀行、黃(huang)麻(ma)起(qi)義(yi)(yi)會(hui)場、中(zhong)(zhong)共黃(huang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)委駐地(di)(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經(jing)(jing)濟公社、列寧(ning)小學等。在(zai)七(qi)(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)鎮后山上建(jian)立了(le)紀念碑，碑上鐫刻(ke)有(you)董(dong)必(bi)武(wu)(wu)手(shou)書的(de)(de)(de)(de)“革(ge)(ge)(ge)命烈士(shi)永垂不朽”八個(ge)大字。

歷史沿革

紅安(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)坪是第(di)二次國內革(ge)命戰爭時期(qi)重要的(de)(de)革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地(di)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。1924年(nian)就建立(li)了(le)(le)共(gong)產黨(dang)的(de)(de)組(zu)織(zhi)，1927年(nian)蔣介石(shi)發動“四(si)一(yi)(yi)(yi)二”政變叛變革(ge)命后，這里(li)就成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)地(di)區革(ge)命活動的(de)(de)策源地(di)。1927年(nian)11月(yue)，中(zhong)共(gong)黃(huang)(huang)（安(an)(an)）麻(ma)(ma)（城）特委根(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)央(yang)“八七(qi)(qi)”會議精神(shen)，領到了(le)(le)著名的(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)麻(ma)(ma)起(qi)義。起(qi)義部隊在在七(qi)(qi)里(li)坪誓師，經過了(le)(le)激烈的(de)(de)戰斗攻(gong)克了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)縣城，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)了(le)(le)黃(huang)(huang)安(an)(an)縣農(nong)(nong)民(min)革(ge)命政權，并建立(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國工農(nong)(nong)革(ge)命軍鄂東(dong)軍。1929年(nian)，鄂豫根(gen)據(ju)地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)(qi)里(li)坪成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心。1930年(nian)，鄂豫皖革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)(qi)里(li)坪也被改名為(wei)“列寧(ning)市”，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)革(ge)命根(gen)據(ju)地(di)的(de)(de)重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)部分。同(tong)年(nian)秋在此召開了(le)(le)鄂豫皖邊區第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次工農(nong)(nong)兵代表大會，選舉(ju)了(le)(le)蘇維埃(ai)政府成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員。1931年(nian)11月(yue)，在七(qi)(qi)里(li)坪組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國工農(nong)(nong)紅軍第(di)四(si)方面軍，總指(zhi)揮是徐向前，陳昌浩任政治委員。

紅(hong)安七(qi)里坪革(ge)命(ming)舊(jiu)址保存(cun)完整(zheng)，現存(cun)革(ge)命(ming)舊(jiu)址四十余處，有鄂豫皖特區蘇維(wei)埃、革(ge)命(ming)法庭、工會(hui)、銀(yin)行、黃(huang)麻起義會(hui)場(chang)、中共(gong)黃(huang)安縣委駐地、紅(hong)軍經濟(ji)公社、列寧小學等。在七(qi)里坪鎮后(hou)山上建立了紀念(nian)碑，碑上鐫刻(ke)有董必武(wu)手書(shu)的(de)“革(ge)命(ming)烈士永垂(chui)不朽(xiu)”八個大(da)字。七(qi)里坪革(ge)命(ming)紀念(nian)館設在列寧小學舊(jiu)址，陳(chen)列有革(ge)命(ming)的(de)史(shi)料供后(hou)人(ren)參觀(guan)。