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簡介

紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)它是(shi)著名(ming)黃(huang)麻起義的(de)(de)策源地(di)(di)(di)(di)，中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)三大(da)(da)主力之一(yi)的(de)(de)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)四(si)(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)的(de)(de)誕生地(di)(di)(di)(di)，是(shi)全國(guo)僅次(ci)于(yu)井岡山(shan)的(de)(de)第(di)二大(da)(da)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)——鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)(wan)革(ge)命(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)，曾被(bei)命(ming)名(ming)為“列(lie)寧市(shi)”。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)，原名(ming)黃(huang)安(an)(an)，位于(yu)大(da)(da)別山(shan)南麓鄂豫(yu)兩(liang)省交界處，七(qi)(qi)十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前，一(yi)群年(nian)(nian)(nian)輕的(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)人領導當地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)農(nong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)發動了(le)(le)(le)史(shi)稱(cheng)“黃(huang)麻起義”的(de)(de)武(wu)裝暴(bao)動，并以此(ci)為中(zhong)心(xin)建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)(wan)蘇維埃紅(hong)(hong)(hong)色(se)政(zheng)權。整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代，共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)14萬紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)兒女獻(xian)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)自己的(de)(de)生命(ming)，從這片被(bei)血染(ran)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)了(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)土地(di)(di)(di)(di)上，也才(cai)走(zou)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)董必武(wu)、李先(xian)念(nian)兩(liang)任(ren)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)的(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)主席，還有(you)(you)韓先(xian)楚、秦(qin)基(ji)偉等(deng)威名(ming)顯赫的(de)(de)223名(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)的(de)(de)將軍(jun)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)是(shi)第(di)二次(ci)國(guo)內革(ge)命(ming)戰(zhan)爭(zheng)時期重要的(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)之一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產黨(dang)的(de)(de)組織， 1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黃(huang)（安(an)(an)）麻（城）特委根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)中(zhong)央“八(ba)七(qi)(qi)”會(hui)議精神，領到了(le)(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)黃(huang)麻起義。起義部隊在在七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)誓(shi)師，經過了(le)(le)(le)激(ji)烈的(de)(de)戰(zhan)斗攻(gong)克了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣城，成立(li)了(le)(le)(le)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣農(nong)民革(ge)命(ming)政(zheng)權，并建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)革(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)鄂東軍(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂豫(yu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形成，七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)成為根(gen)(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)；1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)也被(bei)改(gai)名(ming)為“列(lie)寧市(shi)”。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在此(ci)召開了(le)(le)(le)鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)(wan)邊區(qu)第(di)一(yi)次(ci)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)兵代表(biao)大(da)(da)會(hui)，選舉了(le)(le)(le)蘇維埃政(zheng)府(fu)成員(yuan)。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)組成了(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)第(di)四(si)(si)方面(mian)軍(jun)，總(zong)指揮(hui)是(shi)徐向前，陳昌浩任(ren)政(zheng)治(zhi)委員(yuan)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)安(an)(an)七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)革(ge)命(ming)舊(jiu)址(zhi)保存完(wan)整(zheng)，現(xian)存革(ge)命(ming)舊(jiu)址(zhi)四(si)(si)十余處，有(you)(you)鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)(wan)特區(qu)蘇維埃、革(ge)命(ming)法庭、工(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)、銀(yin)行(xing)、黃(huang)麻起義會(hui)場、中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)黃(huang)安(an)(an)縣委駐(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)軍(jun)經濟公社、列(lie)寧小學等(deng)。在七(qi)(qi)里(li)(li)(li)坪(ping)鎮(zhen)后山(shan)上建立(li)了(le)(le)(le)紀念(nian)碑，碑上鐫(juan)刻有(you)(you)董必武(wu)手書的(de)(de)“革(ge)命(ming)烈士永垂不朽”八(ba)個(ge)(ge)大(da)(da)字。

歷史沿革

紅(hong)安(an)(an)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)是(shi)第二(er)次國(guo)(guo)內革(ge)(ge)命(ming)戰(zhan)爭時期重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)之一(yi)。1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)就建立(li)(li)了(le)(le)共(gong)產黨的(de)組(zu)織，1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)蔣介石發動“四一(yi)二(er)”政變叛變革(ge)(ge)命(ming)后，這里(li)(li)就成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)了(le)(le)黃麻(ma)地(di)區革(ge)(ge)命(ming)活動的(de)策源地(di)。1927年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，中(zhong)共(gong)黃（安(an)(an)）麻(ma)（城(cheng)(cheng)）特委根(gen)據中(zhong)央“八七(qi)”會議(yi)精(jing)神(shen)，領到了(le)(le)著名(ming)的(de)黃麻(ma)起義(yi)。起義(yi)部隊在(zai)在(zai)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)誓師，經過(guo)了(le)(le)激烈的(de)戰(zhan)斗攻(gong)克了(le)(le)黃安(an)(an)縣城(cheng)(cheng)，成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)黃安(an)(an)縣農(nong)民革(ge)(ge)命(ming)政權，并建立(li)(li)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)鄂東軍(jun)(jun)。1929年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂豫(yu)根(gen)據地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)根(gen)據地(di)的(de)中(zhong)心。1930年(nian)(nian)(nian)，鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)，七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)也被(bei)改名(ming)為(wei)“列寧市”，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根(gen)據地(di)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)秋在(zai)此召(zhao)開了(le)(le)鄂豫(yu)皖(wan)邊區第一(yi)次工農(nong)兵代表(biao)大會，選舉了(le)(le)蘇維埃政府(fu)成(cheng)(cheng)員。1931年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月，在(zai)七(qi)里(li)(li)坪(ping)(ping)(ping)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)第四方面軍(jun)(jun)，總指揮(hui)是(shi)徐向前，陳昌浩任(ren)政治委員。

紅(hong)安七(qi)里坪革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址保存(cun)完整，現(xian)存(cun)革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)舊址四(si)十余(yu)處(chu)，有鄂(e)豫皖特區蘇維埃、革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)法庭、工會(hui)(hui)、銀行、黃(huang)麻(ma)起義會(hui)(hui)場(chang)、中共黃(huang)安縣委駐地、紅(hong)軍(jun)經濟公社(she)、列(lie)(lie)寧小學等。在七(qi)里坪鎮后山上建立了紀(ji)(ji)念碑，碑上鐫刻(ke)有董必武(wu)手(shou)書的“革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)烈士永(yong)垂不朽”八個大字。七(qi)里坪革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)紀(ji)(ji)念館設(she)在列(lie)(lie)寧小學舊址，陳列(lie)(lie)有革(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)的史料供后人(ren)參觀(guan)。