為了(le)(le)認真貫徹落實中(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)務院《全國(guo)紅(hong)(hong)色旅(lv)游發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)規劃綱(gang)要》,保(bao)護利用革(ge)(ge)(ge)命歷史文(wen)化(hua)遺產,開展(zhan)(zhan)愛國(guo)主(zhu)義和革(ge)(ge)(ge)命傳統教(jiao)育(yu),發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)紅(hong)(hong)色旅(lv)游,推動(dong)老區(qu)(qu)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),該縣先(xian)后(hou)聘請上海同濟城市規劃設計(ji)院、陜(shan)西省(sheng)文(wen)保(bao)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)等專業機構編制了(le)(le)《馬欄革(ge)(ge)(ge)命舊(jiu)址文(wen)物維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)保(bao)護規劃》和《馬欄紅(hong)(hong)色旅(lv)游景區(qu)(qu)修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)性詳規》,于2008年(nian)正式啟動(dong)文(wen)物維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)保(bao)護及景區(qu)(qu)基礎設施(shi)建(jian)設工程。先(xian)后(hou)建(jian)成了(le)(le)馬欄革(ge)(ge)(ge)命紀念館、紀念廣場(chang)、水上劇場(chang),整修(xiu)(xiu)了(le)(le)烈士陵園,綠化(hua)了(le)(le)景區(qu)(qu),維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)了(le)(le)馬欄關中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)區(qu)(qu)(關中(zhong)(zhong)地委、陜(shan)西省(sheng)委)、馬家堡關中(zhong)(zhong)特區(qu)(qu)、看(kan)花宮陜(shan)北公(gong)學等舊(jiu)址部(bu)分(fen)窯洞及房屋。建(jian)成馬欄革(ge)(ge)(ge)命傳統教(jiao)育(yu)培訓中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)主(zhu)體工程。
翻(fan)開中國(guo)(guo)革(ge)命史卷,馬(ma)欄以其(qi)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、文化、法制、軍事(shi)、政(zheng)權建設的(de)巨大功勛(xun)而(er)彪炳史冊、輝耀神州。革(ge)命戰爭年代,被譽為陜(shan)甘寧邊區(qu)的(de)南大門,中國(guo)(guo)革(ge)命英才培養的(de)搖(yao)籃。
馬欄革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根據(ju)地(di)曾是(shi)(shi)陜(shan)甘寧邊(bian)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)大門。馬欄時稱“小關中(zhong)(zhong)”,是(shi)(shi)關中(zhong)(zhong)分區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)“心腹”。雖然(ran)馬欄面積不(bu)及“大關中(zhong)(zhong)”的(de)(de)(de)八百里(li)秦川,但其(qi)進可(ke)攻、退可(ke)守的(de)(de)(de)戰略優(you)勢明顯。它曾是(shi)(shi)陜(shan)甘寧邊(bian)區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)部屏(ping)障(zhang),更是(shi)(shi)其(qi)近距離(li)俯視涇渭、劍指西安的(de)(de)(de)前進基(ji)地(di),也是(shi)(shi)許(xu)多(duo)革(ge)(ge)命(ming)青年北上延(yan)安的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)通道(dao),還是(shi)(shi)我(wo)黨我(wo)軍(jun)購運戰略物資的(de)(de)(de)必經之(zhi)路。正因如此,國共兩黨兩軍(jun)才視其(qi)為戰略重(zhong)(zhong)地(di)而互不(bu)相(xiang)讓,封鎖(suo)與反封鎖(suo)、磨(mo)擦與反磨(mo)擦、革(ge)(ge)命(ming)與反革(ge)(ge)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)戰火才在這里(li)持(chi)續了(le)二十多(duo)年。在這片紅色熱(re)土上,在中(zhong)(zhong)共陜(shan)西各(ge)級(ji)地(di)方黨組織(zhi)領導下,關中(zhong)(zhong)分區(qu)(qu)軍(jun)民以山林(lin)為屏(ping)障(zhang),積極(ji)開展游(you)擊戰爭,建立紅色政權,進行(xing)反圍剿戰斗,保衛(wei)了(le)延(yan)安、保衛(wei)了(le)黨中(zhong)(zhong)央,守衛(wei)了(le)邊(bian)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)南(nan)大門,使紅色革(ge)(ge)命(ming)根據(ju)地(di)不(bu)斷得到發(fa)展壯大。
馬(ma)欄革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據地(di)曾是孕育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)英才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅色搖籃(lan)。抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時期,黨和(he)邊區的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu),大(da)多數(shu)(shu)出(chu)身工農,革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)積極性高(gao)(gao),但(dan)仍缺乏馬(ma)列主(zhu)義基本(ben)修(xiu)養,存在(zai)各(ge)種非無產(chan)(chan)階(jie)(jie)級思想。盡管(guan)此(ci)時從(cong)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)各(ge)地(di)奔(ben)赴邊區的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)青年(nian)(nian)普遍有(you)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)識和(he)愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)熱情(qing),但(dan)絕(jue)大(da)多數(shu)(shu)青年(nian)(nian)尚是資產(chan)(chan)階(jie)(jie)級世界(jie)觀,不能適應民族革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。直至抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)初期,關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分區還(huan)尚無一(yi)(yi)所中(zhong)(zhong)等學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)提高(gao)(gao)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)覺悟與能力(li),以給中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)培(pei)養急(ji)需(xu)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu),并盡快適應民族革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao),邊區黨組(zu)織在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)青年(nian)(nian)奔(ben)赴延(yan)安的(de)(de)(de)(de)必經要(yao)地(di),從(cong)1938年(nian)(nian)至1948年(nian)(nian),這(zhe)(zhe)十年(nian)(nian)間(jian),先后(hou)有(you)魯迅師范(fan)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)、陜北公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)榮譽(yu)(yu)軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)和(he)陜甘寧(ning)邊區第二師范(fan)等4所革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)在(zai)此(ci)辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)培(pei)養了(le)(le)(le)眾多治黨治國(guo)(guo)(guo)治軍(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優秀人(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。魯迅師范(fan)在(zai)馬(ma)家堡(bao)(今旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)縣(xian)職田(tian)鎮轄)辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)零四個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue),累積培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)300多人(ren)(ren),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)初期“為(wei)(wei)(wei)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)取國(guo)(guo)(guo)防教(jiao)育(yu)之模范(fan)”。陜北公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)1938年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)花(hua)宮設(she)(she)立分校(xiao)(xiao),總校(xiao)(xiao)1939年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)從(cong)延(yan)安遷(qian)來(lai)看(kan)花(hua)宮與分校(xiao)(xiao)合(he)并。陜北公學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)多時間(jian)里,先后(hou)辦(ban)(ban)班54個(ge)(ge),培(pei)養抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)6000多名,吸收新黨員3000多人(ren)(ren)。1938年(nian)(nian)底,抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)榮譽(yu)(yu)軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)遷(qian)到(dao)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)坪坊(fang)一(yi)(yi)帶。這(zhe)(zhe)所肩負著(zhu)傷(shang)殘軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)康復使(shi)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao),在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)多時間(jian),不但(dan)使(shi)數(shu)(shu)萬傷(shang)殘榮譽(yu)(yu)軍(jun)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)身體得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)康復、精神得(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)新生(sheng),還(huan)使(shi)他們提高(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)(le)文化水(shui)平(ping)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)會了(le)(le)(le)建(jian)設(she)(she)社會主(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)領,從(cong)而(er)重新走(zou)(zou)上了(le)(le)(le)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)。其中(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)多同(tong)志在(zai)后(hou)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會主(zhu)義建(jian)設(she)(she)中(zhong)(zhong),都成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)各(ge)條戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線上的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導骨干(gan)(gan),為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)和(he)建(jian)設(she)(she)事(shi)業立下了(le)(le)(le)不朽的(de)(de)(de)(de)功勛。1940年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue),邊區為(wei)(wei)(wei)培(pei)養區鄉(xiang)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)和(he)加強(qiang)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)師資力(li)量,在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)馬(ma)家堡(bao)創辦(ban)(ban)了(le)(le)(le)陜甘寧(ning)邊區第二師范(fan)。二師在(zai)旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)辦(ban)(ban)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)多時間(jian),先后(hou)六次搬遷(qian)、七次建(jian)校(xiao)(xiao),歷盡艱難坎坷,培(pei)養學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)889名。在(zai)經受著(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民黨反動派(pai)不斷制造軍(jun)事(shi)磨(mo)擦、實行軍(jun)事(shi)封鎖、革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)形(xing)勢異常(chang)緊(jin)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下,馬(ma)欄革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)根(gen)據地(di)堅持“敵來(lai)我走(zou)(zou),敵走(zou)(zou)我辦(ban)(ban),邊走(zou)(zou)邊辦(ban)(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針(zhen),大(da)力(li)發展教(jiao)育(yu)事(shi)業,為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)培(pei)育(yu)了(le)(le)(le)大(da)批(pi)優秀的(de)(de)(de)(de)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)。從(cong)這(zhe)(zhe)里走(zou)(zou)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)員,被分配(pei)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)(ge)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)和(he)各(ge)條戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)線上,為(wei)(wei)(wei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)日(ri)戰(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)和(he)革(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)勝利(li)作出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)巨大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貢獻。
馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)革命(ming)根據地曾(ceng)(ceng)是關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)的指(zhi)揮中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。從(cong)1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)陜(shan)甘寧邊區(qu)(qu)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)特區(qu)(qu)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)改稱關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei),習仲勛(xun)先后任關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)特委(wei)(wei)(wei)、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)書記)黨(dang)政軍機(ji)關(guan)遷駐旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)馬(ma)(ma)家堡(bao)起,到(dao)1941年(nian)(nian)(nian)陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)機(ji)關(guan)分(fen)(fen)別遷駐旬(xun)邑(yi)(yi)馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan),馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)從(cong)此成為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)、關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地委(wei)(wei)(wei)首(shou)腦機(ji)關(guan)駐地和(he)(he)首(shou)府,并成為(wei)陜(shan)西國(guo)統(tong)區(qu)(qu)地下黨(dang)組織一切工作(zuo)的策源地和(he)(he)指(zhi)揮中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。1945年(nian)(nian)(nian)7至(zhi)8月(yue),張宗遜、習仲勛(xun)在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)指(zhi)揮了(le)(le)(le)爺臺山反擊戰(zhan)。李先念中(zhong)(zhong)原突圍后由(you)陜(shan)南(nan)途經(jing)(jing)馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan),回(hui)到(dao)延安。彭德懷曾(ceng)(ceng)在(zai)馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)部署了(le)(le)(le)西府戰(zhan)役。直(zhi)至(zhi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)各首(shou)腦機(ji)關(guan)遷離,馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)作(zuo)為(wei)首(shou)府存在(zai)了(le)(le)(le)十(shi)個春秋有余。這十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)、陜(shan)西省(sheng)(sheng)工委(wei)(wei)(wei)、中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)地委(wei)(wei)(wei)領導分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)軍民(min)(min)廣泛(fan)(fan)開展(zhan)大(da)生產運動(dong)、抗日救亡運動(dong)、人民(min)(min)支前運動(dong)及關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)統(tong)區(qu)(qu)工作(zuo),發(fa)展(zhan)了(le)(le)(le)生產和(he)(he)貿(mao)易(yi),滿足了(le)(le)(le)革命(ming)根據地發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)(he)軍民(min)(min)所需,建(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)廣泛(fan)(fan)的統(tong)戰(zhan)關(guan)系,策動(dong)了(le)(le)(le)眾(zhong)多武裝起義,打破了(le)(le)(le)國(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)軍的經(jing)(jing)濟封(feng)鎖和(he)(he)軍事圍剿(jiao)計劃,把(ba)馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)建(jian)設成了(le)(le)(le)關(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)區(qu)(qu)的政治、經(jing)(jing)濟、文化中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)。1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1947年(nian)(nian)(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)路東工委(wei)(wei)(wei)、路西工委(wei)(wei)(wei)、西府工委(wei)(wei)(wei)和(he)(he)河南(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)、山西省(sheng)(sheng)委(wei)(wei)(wei)先后遷駐馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)辦公,馬(ma)(ma)欄(lan)(lan)曾(ceng)(ceng)一度成為(wei)陜(shan)西革命(ming)大(da)本營。