概況
興國寺(si)又名興谷寺(si),俗(su)稱“官寺(si)”,在秦安縣城北街。元至順年間 (1330 - 1332年),規模初具。明嘉靖年,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)垂(chui)邑人胡纘宗題(ti)其寺(si)額“興國寺(si)”,又書“般(ban)若”二(er)字于大雄寶殿(dian)(dian)門。興國寺(si)起初是(shi)一座(zuo)(zuo)規模較(jiao)大的(de)古(gu)剎,寺(si)內有(you)(you)(you)大雄寶殿(dian)(dian) (即(ji)“般(ban)若”殿(dian)(dian))一座(zuo)(zuo),殿(dian)(dian)正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置釋迦牟尼佛像(xiang),兩旁側有(you)(you)(you)觀(guan)音菩薩像(xiang)。左有(you)(you)(you)伽藍殿(dian)(dian),右有(you)(you)(you)菩薩殿(dian)(dian);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)左有(you)(you)(you)鐘樓,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)右有(you)(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)樓,門前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)剛殿(dian)(dian),門側有(you)(you)(you)天王殿(dian)(dian)。寺(si)置兩道(dao)門,頭門有(you)(you)(you)金(jin)剛2尊,二(er)門有(you)(you)(you)天王4尊。再(zai)進(jin)直(zhi)接佛完(wan),龕前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)接引佛,完(wan)后有(you)(you)(you)韋馱菩薩。迄南即(ji)鐘樓和鼓(gu)(gu)樓,迤北還有(you)(you)(you)文昌宮、圣母宮和、長官殿(dian)(dian)等。整個寺(si)廟殿(dian)(dian)宇雄壯,佛像(xiang)森嚴(yan),建(jian)造奇巧。
建筑特色
興國(guo)寺(si)座(zuo)東(dong)朝(chao)西,中軸線上(shang)依次(ci)為(wei)金剛殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、接引佛韋馱殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、般若殿(dian)(dian)(dian),兩側有(you)鐘樓、鼓樓、伽藍(lan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、菩薩殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。般若殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面闊三間(jian),進深二(er)(er)間(jian),前帶廊,前檐顯五(wu)間(jian),單(dan)檐歇(xie)山布瓦(wa)頂,采(cai)(cai)用琉璃花脊(ji)(ji),瓦(wa)頂正脊(ji)(ji)中施琉璃脊(ji)(ji)剎,剎下有(you)獸(shou)面座(zuo),上(shang)有(you)寶珠(已(yi)失)。正脊(ji)(ji)飾(shi)(shi)龍(long)與西蕃(fan)蓮等紋,兩側按等距離設置獅(shi)、狗、虎等蹲(dun)(dun)獸(shou)。垂脊(ji)(ji)飾(shi)(shi)水(shui)紋,上(shang)有(you)蹲(dun)(dun)獸(shou)二(er)(er)枚,戧(chuang)脊(ji)(ji)上(shang)亦有(you)蹲(dun)(dun)獸(shou)二(er)(er)枚,端(duan)部各(ge)設嬪伽一尊,子(zi)角梁端(duan)用綠(lv)琉璃套獸(shou)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內梁架結構為(wei)徹上(shang)露明造,采(cai)(cai)用了元代首創的斜梁構件。
般若殿(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)六(liu)鋪作三下昂(ang)(ang)計心造(zao),每補(bu)間(jian)施(shi)(shi)一攢,補(bu)間(jian)鋪作增(zeng)出45度(du)斜昂(ang)(ang),轉角鋪作除角昂(ang)(ang)、搭角鬧昂(ang)(ang)和正出昂(ang)(ang)外(wai)(wai)不施(shi)(shi)斜昂(ang)(ang),昂(ang)(ang)頭(tou)(tou)為(wei)如意狀,耍頭(tou)(tou)刻(ke)云(yun)形,前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)令栱和外(wai)(wai)跳瓜栱、慢(man)栱的正面刻(ke)卷草紋裝飾,兩山和后檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)五鋪作雙下昂(ang)(ang)計心造(zao)里轉偷心造(zao)雙跳華拱(gong),為(wei)使前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)與兩山和后檐(yan)斗(dou)(dou)拱(gong)至令拱(gong)上找平,前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)標高隨(sui)之下調(diao)。大殿(dian)(dian)用(yong)檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)四(si)根,當心間(jian)兩根渾圓碩大,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)(tou)卷剎為(wei)覆盆狀,柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)身(shen)下用(yong)素面圓形柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)礎(chu),四(si)根角柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)最為(wei)粗大,以增(zeng)加建筑四(si)隅的強度(du)。四(si)根角柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)明顯高于檐(yan)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),有(you)顯著的“柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)側(ce)角”和“柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生起(qi)”作用(yong)。般若殿(dian)(dian)外(wai)(wai)觀雄渾穩定,輪廊協調(diao)秀美。大殿(dian)(dian)欄(lan)額(e)上方,懸掛(gua)胡纘宗所書的“般若”匾(bian)額(e),字跡古樸雄渾,是一件珍貴的書法(fa)藝術(shu)作品。
天(tian)王殿面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)三間,進深一間,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)為五架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)后用(yong)二(er)柱,單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)硬山(shan)布瓦頂,無斗拱(gong)。金剛(gang)殿即山(shan)門(men),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)三間,進深一間,梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)為五架(jia)梁(liang)(liang)(liang)前(qian)后用(yong)二(er)柱,單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)懸山(shan)布瓦頂。檐(yan)下施五踩單(dan)(dan)昂斗拱(gong),各補間用(yong)一朵(duo),鐘樓鼓樓面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)進深各一間,單(dan)(dan)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)布瓦頂。梁(liang)(liang)(liang)架(jia)進深四椽,平梁(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)抹角梁(liang)(liang)(liang)承(cheng)托,柱頭間以“T”形蘭額普柏(bo)枋(fang)連接(jie),檐(yan)下施一斗二(er)升交梁(liang)(liang)(liang)頭,無飛(fei)椽。下層(ceng)四面(mian)(mian)是(shi)石(shi)筑圍合墻,上層(ceng)施木樓板,不施樓梯。
接引佛與韋馱(tuo)殿(dian)面闊三間(jian),進(jin)深(shen)一間(jian),單坡單檐(yan)硬(ying)山布瓦頂(ding)。梁(liang)架進(jin)深(shen)三椽,四架梁(liang)前后用二(er)柱。西立(li)面為(wei)清水磚墻到頂(ding),中設板門(men),門(men)上有(you)安維(wei)峻書“法界西天(tian)”橫向題(ti)額。東立(li)面出檐(yan),明間(jian)為(wei)門(men),次間(jian)施(shi)檻窗,正脊(ji)施(shi)花脊(ji)。
保護狀況
興國(guo)寺(si)自(zi)建成以后,歷代都(dou)有修繕。
明萬歷年(nian)間,秦安知縣(xian)趙汴重建,清代乾隆時期曾(ceng)有修葺。
1920年遭(zao)地(di)震,殿宇(yu)多處倒塌傾(qing)斜,
1937年由(you)秦安縣(xian)佛教協會組織(zhi)修繕。
1953年6月修(xiu)(xiu)繕時(shi),在伽藍殿發現(xian)了明(ming)萬歷四十三年重修(xiu)(xiu)的木(mu)刻題記,1974年修(xiu)(xiu)繕時(shi)又發現(xian)了“元(yuan)至順年建”的木(mu)刻題記。
1963年2月(yue),甘肅省人民委員會公布為(wei)縣(xian)級文物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
1981年(nian)9月,甘肅省人民政府公(gong)布為省級文物保護單位。
1996年11月,國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)將興國(guo)(guo)寺(si)公布為第(di)四批全國(guo)(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)。
1999年,國家文物局撥(bo)款300余萬元,對興國寺進行了(le)大規模的修(xiu)繕(shan)。
興國寺般若殿保留了元代建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格,它是(shi)甘肅(su)省現(xian)存較早的木構(gou)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)之一,具(ju)有很高的歷史、科學和藝術價值,為(wei)研(yan)究元代的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術提供了不可多得的實物資(zi)料。