太古高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)西(xi)山(shan)隧道群總長(chang)15公(gong)里,其中(zhong),西(xi)山(shan)特長(chang)隧道長(chang)13.6公(gong)里,西(xi)山(shan)2號隧道長(chang)1.4公(gong)里,兩隧道進出(chu)口最小距離(li)180米,這使得(de)太古高(gao)速(su)公(gong)路(lu)工程成為交通運輸部首(shou)批風(feng)險(xian)評(ping)估試點工程,全國在(zai)建公(gong)路(lu)中(zhong)公(gong)認施工難度(du)第一。
西山隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)是全國在(zai)建公路(lu)中(zhong)最長的隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao),建成后(hou)將成為繼秦嶺隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)后(hou)全國第(di)二長隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao),世界第(di)四的特長公路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao),該隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)于2012年10月主(zhu)體貫通。整條路(lu)全線橋隧(sui)(sui)(sui)相連(lian)比例高達71%。
西山隧(sui)道難掘(jue),從先期的地質勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)就有所體現。2006年(nian),勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)人員(yuan)開始工(gong)作(zuo),每隔50米,在西山鉆一個(ge)孔(kong)查看地質情況,最深700米,淺處(chu)也有150米。風吹日曬,荒野(ye)為路,整(zheng)個(ge)勘(kan)察(cha)(cha)就耗時一年(nian)。
從09年(nian)5月開(kai)始(shi),西(xi)山兩個(ge)隧(sui)洞(dong)的(de)(de)大多工作(zuo)面開(kai)掘(jue)(jue),太(tai)古高(gao)速(su)公路(lu)(lu)(lu)建管(guan)(guan)處(chu)工程管(guan)(guan)理(li)部負責人丁秀春介紹,在隧(sui)道(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)前方(fang),有塌(ta)方(fang)、突水(shui)(shui)涌泥等重(zhong)大危險源31處(chu),比如:山頂(ding)離隧(sui)道(dao)最深有450米,深埋地(di)下、蘊藏能(neng)量的(de)(de)巖(yan)層被突然掘(jue)(jue)開(kai)后,有可能(neng)引(yin)發巖(yan)爆。此外,隧(sui)道(dao)的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),與我市(shi)的(de)(de)“供水(shui)(shui)生命線(xian)(xian)(xian)”———引(yin)黃輸水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)交叉4處(chu),這(zhe)些直徑(jing)3米的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)一(yi)旦被挖破(po),全市(shi)的(de)(de)飲水(shui)(shui)安全都成問題。與太(tai)鋼的(de)(de)超大壓力(li)精粉(fen)輸送管(guan)(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)交叉7處(chu),這(zhe)些壓力(li)管(guan)(guan)稍微破(po)損(sun),將會引(yin)起大爆炸!隧(sui)道(dao)施工最怕碰見巖(yan)石(shi)斷層,斷層巖(yan)石(shi)破(po)碎,地(di)下水(shui)(shui)多,掘(jue)(jue)進時特(te)別容(rong)易(yi)發生坍塌(ta)、突水(shui)(shui)、涌泥。可在西(xi)山隧(sui)道(dao),不僅要穿(chuan)越(yue)17條破(po)碎層帶外,還(huan)要穿(chuan)越(yue)多個(ge)高(gao)瓦斯煤(mei)層、石(shi)膏采(cai)空(kong)區,這(zhe)些采(cai)空(kong)區都存(cun)在著塌(ta)方(fang),瓦斯爆炸的(de)(de)危險。
太原(yuan)西山宛如(ru)屏障(zhang),橫亙(gen)在太原(yuan)與古交(jiao)之(zhi)間。西山隧道(dao)就在西山里面行走
太原西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屬呂梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系,背負著古(gu)晉陽5000年文(wen)明(ming)史。幾十(shi)公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宛如一(yi)架(jia)巨長的(de)(de)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屏(ping)風。從上蘭村汾河出水口(kou)向(xiang)南排開去有冽石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、崛圍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、嬰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、石室(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、太山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、懸甕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、天龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(方(fang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))、象山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、廟前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(尖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))、蠶石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、葦谷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、銀牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、黑駝山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、七苦山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等,真是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清秀(xiu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有名。金(jin)代詩(shi)人(ren)元好(hao)問有:“水上西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)如掛屏(ping),郁郁蒼蒼三十(shi)里(li)”的(de)(de)詩(shi)句贊美西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上人(ren)文(wen)古(gu)跡眾多,歷史價值豐厚,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是龍(long)(long)城(cheng)太原的(de)(de)脊(ji)梁,傳(chuan)為(wei)古(gu)晉陽龍(long)(long)脈之所在。游人(ren)登(deng)臨西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),會(hui)深感晉陽歷史文(wen)化內(nei)涵(han)的(de)(de)深厚底蘊(yun)。
冽石山距市(shi)中(zhong)心23公里,占地兩千余畝。冽石口山勢(shi)壯美雄偉,是汾(fen)河(he)(he)的出口,靠西為(wei)全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位凈因寺,寺內大佛高9.6米,為(wei)土所雕(diao),又稱(cheng)土堂(tang)大佛寺,寺為(wei)三進院,漢所建北齊重(zhong)修、明清(qing)又多次重(zhong)修。東臨(lin)汾(fen)水(shui)、古(gu)柏齊天,土堂(tang)怪柏為(wei)古(gu)太(tai)原八景(jing)之一。著稱(cheng)三晉的汾(fen)河(he)(he)晚渡名景(jing)就在寺東汾(fen)河(he)(he)處。岸(an)東有全國(guo)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)的晉國(guo)竇大夫祠。此處左(zuo)有壁立危峰(feng)、清(qing)流潺(chan)潺(chan),祠內古(gu)柏參天,殿宇巍峨,建于唐漢之前,祠左(zuo)側是勝景(jing)“冽石寒泉”,右(you)上方三里處為(wei)傅(fu)山廟。景(jing)區梧(wu)桐(tong)神木,二朗神手印,趙(zhao)戴文故居(ju),傅(fu)山先生隱居(ju)過的朝陽(yang)洞、虹巢氏(shi)景(jing)中(zhong)之景(jing)。放(fang)河(he)(he)燈、天燈、沙雕(diao)等民俗文化(hua)眾采紛呈。
位于市區西北24公(gong)里(li)處。山勢(shi)陡峻,松柏遍野,春日(ri)山花(hua)競(jing)放,秋來紅(hong)葉滿山。“崛圍紅(hong)葉”是太原(yuan)著名(ming)風景之一。山頂(ding)有全國重點文物保護(hu)單位多福寺(si)(si)和七級舍利(li)塔,寺(si)(si)內藏(zang)有寺(si)(si)觀壁畫和傅墨跡。
在太(tai)原西南約(yue)20公(gong)里(li)處,晉祠以北的(de)(de)(de)寺(si)底村,主(zhu)峰高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)1325米,蒙山(shan)(shan)曉(xiao)月(yue)為(wei)舊太(tai)原八景之一(yi)。公(gong)元551年,北齊(qi)文(wen)宣帝(di)(di)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)洋鑿開(kai)化寺(si)后大(da)(da)(da)巖為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),歷五代24年始成。稱為(wei)西山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)。蒙山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)以山(shan)(shan)鐫刻(ke)(ke),結跏(jia)趺定而坐,雙手施禪定印,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)體(ti)厚胛肥肩,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)超山(shan)(shan)巒(luan),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)遏云(yun)天(tian),氣勢非凡。據史稱,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)“二(er)百尺(chi)”(約(yue)63米)略低于(yu)四(si)川樂山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),但早于(yu)樂山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)162年,是(shi)我國最(zui)早的(de)(de)(de)露(lu)天(tian)摩(mo)崖石刻(ke)(ke)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),隋文(wen)帝(di)(di)時(shi)新建(jian)了庇蓋大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)的(de)(de)(de)殿閣,唐(tang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)宗和(he)武(wu)則天(tian)曾(ceng)來(lai)此禮佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),賜宮(gong)內袈裟。是(shi)山(shan)(shan)西乃至世界(jie)(jie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教、建(jian)筑(zhu)、雕刻(ke)(ke)史上的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)奇(qi)跡,有極高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)保護和(he)開(kai)發價值。近年來(lai),蒙山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)引起了國內有關(guan)學界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度關(guan)注;在海外,日本、韓國及東(dong)南亞佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教界(jie)(jie)都特別推(tui)崇蒙山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),尤其日本佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教界(jie)(jie),更是(shi)推(tui)崇蒙山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),認為(wei)其歷史悠久居中國佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像之首(shou);國家有關(guan)部門也對此高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)度重視(shi)。經過(guo)各方面的(de)(de)(de)努(nu)力,蒙山(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)景區(qu)初具規模。
位于太(tai)原(yuan)市西南23公里,山中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)太(tai)山寺四周(zhou)(zhou)叢林遍(bian)野(ye),古柏掩映(ying),寺隱(yin)其間,非登臨不(bu)得(de)見。據碑(bei)文記載,始建于唐(tang)景(jing)云(yun)元年(nian)(710年(nian))。原(yuan)為(wei)道教(jiao)廟宇,名昊天祠(ci),明初改為(wei)佛(fo)寺。太(tai)山自(zi)然景(jing)觀也非常秀麗,滿(man)山的灌木黃(huang)櫨更是聞名于世,與(yu)龍山紅(hong)(hong)葉、崛圍紅(hong)(hong)葉組成太(tai)原(yuan)西山紅(hong)(hong)葉美景(jing),是一(yi)處不(bu)可多(duo)得(de)的融(rong)人文景(jing)觀與(yu)自(zi)然景(jing)觀于一(yi)體的旅(lv)游勝地(di)。2008年(nian)6月11日,山西省(sheng)太(tai)原(yuan)市文物局在(zai)太(tai)山龍泉寺發(fa)現一(yi)處建筑遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi),經有(you)(you)(you)(you)關專家發(fa)掘證(zheng)實為(wei)唐(tang)武周(zhou)(zhou)時期(qi)佛(fo)塔基址(zhi),基址(zhi)下發(fa)掘出(chu)一(yi)座地(di)宮,地(di)宮內藏有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個石函(han),石函(han)內套(tao)裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)鎏金(jin)銅飾木槨(guo)、木胎鎏金(jin)銅槨(guo)、木胎銀槨(guo)、金(jin)棺(guan),共計五重棺(guan)槨(guo)。內有(you)(you)(you)(you)聚成堆的顆粒狀物體,應為(wei)舍利。該遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)是佛(fo)塔地(di)宮瘞埋舍利的早期(qi)實例,也是現存地(di)宮中(zhong)最(zui)早的一(yi)例;出(chu)土遺(yi)(yi)(yi)物等級(ji)較高,為(wei)研究唐(tang)代佛(fo)教(jiao)及金(jin)銀器(qi)等制(zhi)作(zuo)工(gong)藝提供了實物資料。
位于太原市西南二十余公(gong)里處。龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)童子(zi)寺為(wei)北(bei)(bei)齊天(tian)保七年(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)556年(nian))僧宏禮禪師創建(jian),相傳有(you)二童子(zi)藏于比山(shan)(shan)(shan)隱(yin)修,見山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)儼似(si)世尊,遂鐫(juan)佛像,高(gao)(gao)(gao)于57米(mi),因名童子(zi)寺。北(bei)(bei)齊文宣帝高(gao)(gao)(gao)洋曾登寺俯瞰并州(今太原)城景。金天(tian)輔(fu)元(yuan)年(nian)(1117年(nian))寺毀(hui)于兵火,明嘉(jia)靖元(yuan)年(nian)(1522年(nian))重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)。寺內建(jian)筑(zhu)及(ji)其石(shi)(shi)雕佛像早已(yi)不存。寺前有(you)燃燈(deng)(deng)(deng)石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta),高(gao)(gao)(gao)4.12米(mi),平面六(liu)角形(xing),下部束腰基(ji)座(zuo)約及(ji)全高(gao)(gao)(gao)之半,塔(ta)(ta)身中空,內置燈(deng)(deng)(deng)室,三面開門(men),頂部排(pai)煙(yan)。塔(ta)(ta)身比例適度(du),造形(xing)秀(xiu)美。雖歷經1400多年(nian)風雨(yu),依(yi)然如故,是我(wo)國(guo)已(yi)知最(zui)古的燃燈(deng)(deng)(deng)石(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)。龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)主峰極頂,有(you)元(yuan)初大道(dao)人宋德芳(fang)主持(chi)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)的昊天(tian)觀,觀址(zhi)東側,有(you)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)八洞,為(wei)國(guo)內僅存的元(yuan)代道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)群。龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)道(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)群為(wei)全國(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單位。
位于太原(yuan)市西(xi)南二(er)十公里處。《山(shan)(shan)海經(jing)(jing)》中(zhong)有(you)“懸甕(weng)(weng)之(zhi)山(shan)(shan),晉(jin)(jin)水出焉”的(de)(de)(de)記載。懸甕(weng)(weng)山(shan)(shan)下為(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單位晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci),山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)有(you)懸甕(weng)(weng)寺。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)位于山(shan)(shan)西(xi)太原(yuan)市西(xi)南懸甕(weng)(weng)山(shan)(shan)麓,是(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)祭(ji)祀(si)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、園林(lin)(lin)、雕(diao)塑(su)、壁畫、碑刻藝(yi)術(shu)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)而珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)文(wen)化(hua)遺(yi)產,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)世界建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、園林(lin)(lin)、雕(diao)刻藝(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)公元7世紀(ji)至12世紀(ji)間(jian)極為(wei)輝煌壯(zhuang)美(mei)、璀璨絢爛(lan)的(de)(de)(de)篇章(zhang)。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)西(xi)周(zhou)唐(tang)國(guo)(guo)諸侯姬虞的(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)堂,創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于西(xi)周(zhou)(公元前(qian)11世紀(ji))。1500年(nian)前(qian),在北(bei)(bei)魏酈道元《水經(jing)(jing)注》中(zhong)記載晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)已有(you)相(xiang)當(dang)規模(mo)。后經(jing)(jing)北(bei)(bei)齊、隋、唐(tang)、五代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)、宋(song)、金、元、明(ming)、清及民國(guo)(guo)諸時(shi)(shi)期,歷經(jing)(jing)2000多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)擘劃(hua)營造和修葺擴(kuo)充(chong),遂成當(dang)今規模(mo)。其(qi)中(zhong)于公元7世紀(ji)至12世紀(ji)間(jian)最(zui)為(wei)興盛,是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)唐(tang)、宋(song)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)園林(lin)(lin)、雕(diao)刻藝(yi)術(shu)之(zhi)典范。保(bao)存(cun)至今的(de)(de)(de)有(you)盛唐(tang)時(shi)(shi)期碑刻,宋(song)、元、明(ming)、清不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)100余座,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)主(zhu)體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)圣母(mu)殿被譽(yu)為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)具有(you)典型性的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表性建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)實(shi)例。保(bao)存(cun)在圣母(mu)殿內的(de)(de)(de)宋(song)塑(su)群像突破(po)了(le)宋(song)以(yi)前(qian)宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)造像的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)式,而成為(wei)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)(shang)真實(shi)人物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)寫照,開創了(le)雕(diao)塑(su)藝(yi)術(shu)寫實(shi)作品的(de)(de)(de)先河,它不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)雕(diao)塑(su)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反映(ying)宮廷人物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)造像,而且(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)雕(diao)塑(su)史(shi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)藝(yi)術(shu)高超的(de)(de)(de)罕見精品。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)以(yi)其(qi)獨具匠心的(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)布(bu)局,使建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)伴之(zhi)以(yi)奔流不(bu)息的(de)(de)(de)難老泉(quan)水、古(gu)樹(shu)名木,將(jiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)空間(jian)和自然景色(se)融為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti),人工美(mei)與自然美(mei)巧妙(miao)地(di)糅和在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)起,集(ji)中(zhong)體(ti)現了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)傳統建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)“天人合一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi),物(wu)我(wo)相(xiang)融”的(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)久遠,跨越時(shi)(shi)空漫長,所處地(di)理(li)位置優越,自然景色(se)幽美(mei),是(shi)(shi)(shi)許(xu)多祠(ci)廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)難以(yi)比擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)以(yi)大量的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、雕(diao)塑(su)、碑刻、壁畫、古(gu)樹(shu)名木,從不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)側面反映(ying)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)政治(zhi)、經(jing)(jing)濟、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、園林(lin)(lin)、雕(diao)塑(su)、宗(zong)(zong)教(jiao)、文(wen)化(hua)等(deng)諸多領域(yu)的(de)(de)(de)發展變化(hua),晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)、藝(yi)術(shu)、科學和鑒賞價值,使其(qi)成為(wei)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)與園林(lin)(lin)藝(yi)術(shu)相(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)且(qie)跨越的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)最(zui)長又最(zui)具代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表性的(de)(de)(de)唯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)實(shi)例,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)化(hua)和人類建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)藝(yi)術(shu)寶庫中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)份(fen)最(zui)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)產。
原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)方山(shan)(shan),位于(yu)太原(yuan)市(shi)西(xi)南(nan)36公里(li),距晉(jin)祠(ci)景區14公里(li)。有(you)(you)專(zhuan)用(yong)公路(lu)相連。天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)屏峰(feng)黛立(li),松(song)(song)柏成蔭,溪泉鳴澗(jian),氣(qi)候涼爽(shuang)(shuang)。早(zao)在(zai)(zai)東(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)歡建(jian)了(le)避暑(shu)宮,北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)洋建(jian)了(le)天(tian)龍(long)寺(si),并都開(kai)鑿(zao)了(le)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)。山(shan)(shan)因寺(si)而得名(ming)(ming)(ming),寺(si)因窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)而著(zhu)稱,從此,天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)大振。天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)景區包括晉(jin)祠(ci)鎮的(de)武坡、南(nan)坪、窯頭(tou)三個自然村和柳(liu)子溝源頭(tou)的(de)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(即天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)),占(zhan)地(di)約185公頃。山(shan)(shan)中多(duo)(duo)砂頁巖,呈現(xian)出奇特(te)的(de)地(di)質地(di)貌;山(shan)(shan)上多(duo)(duo)山(shan)(shan)泉,有(you)(you)豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)泉源;山(shan)(shan)內(nei)多(duo)(duo)林木(mu),森林覆蓋率(lv)達70%;山(shan)(shan)間多(duo)(duo)鳥獸(shou),屬國(guo)(guo)家一、二(er)類保(bao)護動物有(you)(you)二(er)十多(duo)(duo)種。景區風(feng)(feng)光秀麗,山(shan)(shan)不高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)而挺拔,清幽涼爽(shuang)(shuang);樹不大而茂密,萬木(mu)崢嶸。古有(you)(you)“天(tian)龍(long)八景”,是(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)旅游勝(sheng)地(di)。現(xian)今,它是(shi)晉(jin)祠(ci)——天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區的(de)組成部(bu)分,天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)家森林公園的(de)主體。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文物保(bao)護單位天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)創建(jian)于(yu)東(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei)(公元534—550年(nian)),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)歡在(zai)(zai)天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)歡之子高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)洋建(jian)立(li)北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)的(de)晉(jin)陽為(wei)別(bie)都,繼(ji)續在(zai)(zai)天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)。隋代(dai)(dai)楊廣為(wei)晉(jin)王,繼(ji)續開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),唐代(dai)(dai)李淵父子起家于(yu)晉(jin)陽,建(jian)造(zao)石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)達到高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)分布在(zai)(zai)天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)兩峰(feng)的(de)懸崖腰部(bu),有(you)(you)東(dong)(dong)魏(wei)(wei)(wei),北(bei)齊(qi)(qi)、隋、唐開(kai)鑿(zao)的(de)24個洞窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),東(dong)(dong)峰(feng)八窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),西(xi)峰(feng)十三窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),山(shan)(shan)北(bei)3窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)。現(xian)存石窟(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)造(zao)像(xiang)1500余尊,浮雕、藻井(jing)、畫像(xiang)1144幅(fu)。天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)上,還有(you)(you)遍(bian)山(shan)(shan)松(song)(song)柏,尤以盤龍(long)古松(song)(song)龍(long)游神盤,縱橫纏(chan)繞,為(wei)天(tian)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)上又(you)一奇觀。
為天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教圣(sheng)地。自然(ran)風光優美,通過“之”字形山路通向(xiang)山頂,過14處“耶穌受難”點,進入“上天(tian)之門”,再登(deng)39級(ji)臺(tai)階(jie),展現(xian)在眼前的是中西合璧的祭(ji)壇和(he)主(zhu)(zhu)殿。七苦山在天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教歷史上占有重要地位,是省內外天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教友重要活(huo)動場所之一。每年(nian)的9月15日(ri)有數萬天(tian)主(zhu)(zhu)教徒到此朝拜。
天龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)天龍(long)(long)寺(si),龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)童(tong)子(zi)寺(si),蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)化(hua)(hua)寺(si)三處(chu)都有(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),哪處(chu)是“西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”呢!史學(xue)家說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)不(bu)一,有(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)“即天龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)像”,有(you)(you)說(shuo)(shuo)“在(zai)(zai)(zai)蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),但已(yi)不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)了”。《北齊(qi)書》載:“鑿(zao)(zao)晉陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像,一夜燃(ran)油萬盆(pen)(pen),光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)宮內”。“宮”指歷史上(shang)著名的晉陽(yang)宮,遺址(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)晉源鎮(zhen)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)(ying)村(cun)(cun)九龍(long)(long)廟一帶,看來(lai)哪尊大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)處(chu)“燃(ran)油萬盆(pen)(pen)”光(guang)能照(zhao)(zhao)到(dao)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)(ying)村(cun)(cun),便是那(nei)(nei)尊大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)。天龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)(ying)村(cun)(cun)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)三十(shi)余里,中間有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)阻隔,光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)不(bu)到(dao)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)(ying)村(cun)(cun),可見(jian)“天龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)像”并非“西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”。至于(yu)龍(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)童(tong)于(yu)寺(si)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),碑(bei)刻方志(zhi)都載有(you)(you)這(zhe)尊大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)鑿(zao)(zao)于(yu)北齊(qi)天保七年(556),其事在(zai)(zai)(zai)高緯鑿(zao)(zao)成大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)之前(qian),說(shuo)(shuo)明這(zhe)也不(bu)是“西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”,那(nei)(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)只有(you)(you)蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)化(hua)(hua)寺(si)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)了。蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)化(hua)(hua)寺(si)在(zai)(zai)(zai)“文(wen)革’中已(yi)毀,現(xian)寺(si)發(fa)現(xian)殘(can)存斷碑(bei)中有(you)(you)五代劉智遠《重修蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)(kai)化(hua)(hua)莊嚴閣記(ji)》碑(bei),碑(bei)載“西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里。并且記(ji)載:像在(zai)(zai)(zai)“寺(si)后一里”。后寺(si)已(yi)不(bu)存在(zai)(zai)(zai),地稱(cheng)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)肚崖(ya)”。近觀石巖如大(da)(da)(da)(da)肚,遙望,胸、臂分明,無頭,原是一座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)巖鑿(zao)(zao)成。一個石刻巨(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)胸頸(jing)兀突現(xian)于(yu)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之間,爬上(shang)巨(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren)頸(jing)上(shang)東南(nan)眺望,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)豁(huo)間可見(jian)二十(shi)里外古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)(ying)村(cun)(cun),晉陽(yang)宮遺址(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)眼前(qian),確是可以“燃(ran)油萬盆(pen)(pen),光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)宮內”的,這(zhe)一石刻巨(ju)(ju)人(ren)(ren),就(jiu)(jiu)是“晉陽(yang)西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)”。