太(tai)古高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路西(xi)山(shan)(shan)隧(sui)道群總長(chang)(chang)15公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),其中,西(xi)山(shan)(shan)特長(chang)(chang)隧(sui)道長(chang)(chang)13.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),西(xi)山(shan)(shan)2號隧(sui)道長(chang)(chang)1.4公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li),兩隧(sui)道進出口最小距離180米,這使得太(tai)古高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)成為交通(tong)運輸部首批風險評估試(shi)點(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),全國在(zai)建公(gong)(gong)(gong)路中公(gong)(gong)(gong)認施(shi)工(gong)難度(du)第一。
西山隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)是全國(guo)(guo)在建公路(lu)中最長(chang)的隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao),建成(cheng)(cheng)后(hou)將成(cheng)(cheng)為繼秦嶺隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)后(hou)全國(guo)(guo)第二長(chang)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao),世(shi)界第四的特(te)長(chang)公路(lu)隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao),該隧(sui)(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)于2012年10月主體貫通。整條路(lu)全線橋隧(sui)(sui)(sui)相連比(bi)例高達(da)71%。
西(xi)山隧道難掘,從先期的地質(zhi)勘(kan)(kan)察就有(you)所體(ti)現。2006年(nian),勘(kan)(kan)察人(ren)員開(kai)始工作,每(mei)隔(ge)50米(mi)(mi),在西(xi)山鉆一個(ge)孔查看(kan)地質(zhi)情況,最深(shen)700米(mi)(mi),淺處(chu)也有(you)150米(mi)(mi)。風吹(chui)日(ri)曬,荒野為路,整個(ge)勘(kan)(kan)察就耗時一年(nian)。
從09年5月開始,西山兩個隧(sui)(sui)洞(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)多(duo)工(gong)作面(mian)開掘,太古高速公路建(jian)管(guan)(guan)處(chu)工(gong)程管(guan)(guan)理部負(fu)責人(ren)丁秀(xiu)春介紹(shao),在(zai)(zai)隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)線路前方(fang),有(you)塌(ta)方(fang)、突水(shui)(shui)(shui)涌泥等重大(da)危險源(yuan)31處(chu),比如:山頂離隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)最(zui)深有(you)450米,深埋地下、蘊藏能量的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖層(ceng)被突然掘開后,有(you)可(ke)能引發巖爆。此外(wai),隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)線路,與(yu)我(wo)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生命線”———引黃(huang)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)線交叉(cha)4處(chu),這些(xie)直徑3米的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)一旦被挖破(po)(po),全(quan)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飲水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)都(dou)成問題(ti)。與(yu)太鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)超大(da)壓力(li)精粉輸送管(guan)(guan)線交叉(cha)7處(chu),這些(xie)壓力(li)管(guan)(guan)稍微(wei)破(po)(po)損,將會引起大(da)爆炸!隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao)施工(gong)最(zui)怕(pa)碰見(jian)巖石斷(duan)層(ceng),斷(duan)層(ceng)巖石破(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui),地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo),掘進(jin)時特別容易(yi)發生坍塌(ta)、突水(shui)(shui)(shui)、涌泥。可(ke)在(zai)(zai)西山隧(sui)(sui)道(dao)(dao),不僅要穿越17條破(po)(po)碎(sui)(sui)層(ceng)帶外(wai),還要穿越多(duo)個高瓦斯煤層(ceng)、石膏采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區(qu),這些(xie)采(cai)空(kong)(kong)區(qu)都(dou)存在(zai)(zai)著塌(ta)方(fang),瓦斯爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險。
太(tai)原西(xi)山宛(wan)如屏(ping)障,橫亙(gen)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)原與古交之間(jian)。西(xi)山隧道就在(zai)(zai)西(xi)山里面行走(zou)
太(tai)原(yuan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屬(shu)呂梁山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)系(xi),背(bei)負(fu)著(zhu)古晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang)5000年(nian)文(wen)明史。幾十(shi)公里的西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)宛如一架巨長的名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屏(ping)風。從上蘭村(cun)汾河出水(shui)口向南排開(kai)去有冽石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、崛圍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、嬰(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、石室山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、太(tai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、懸甕山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、天(tian)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(方山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))、象山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、廟前山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(尖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))、蠶石山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、葦谷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、銀(yin)牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、黑駝山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、七苦(ku)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)等,真是山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)清秀,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)有名。金代詩人元好(hao)問有:“水(shui)上西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)如掛屏(ping),郁郁蒼蒼三十(shi)里”的詩句(ju)贊美西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上人文(wen)古跡眾(zhong)多,歷史價值豐厚(hou),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是龍城太(tai)原(yuan)的脊梁,傳為古晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang)龍脈之(zhi)所在(zai)。游人登臨西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),會深感晉(jin)(jin)陽(yang)歷史文(wen)化內涵的深厚(hou)底(di)蘊。
冽石(shi)山(shan)距市(shi)中心23公里(li),占地兩千余畝。冽石(shi)口山(shan)勢壯美雄偉,是汾(fen)河的出(chu)口,靠西為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)單位凈因(yin)寺,寺內大佛高9.6米,為(wei)(wei)土所雕(diao),又稱土堂大佛寺,寺為(wei)(wei)三(san)進院(yuan),漢所建(jian)北齊重修(xiu)、明(ming)清又多次(ci)重修(xiu)。東臨汾(fen)水、古(gu)柏齊天(tian),土堂怪柏為(wei)(wei)古(gu)太原(yuan)八景(jing)之(zhi)一。著(zhu)稱三(san)晉(jin)的汾(fen)河晚(wan)渡名景(jing)就在寺東汾(fen)河處。岸東有(you)全(quan)國重點(dian)文(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)的晉(jin)國竇大夫祠(ci)。此(ci)處左有(you)壁立危峰、清流(liu)潺潺,祠(ci)內古(gu)柏參天(tian),殿(dian)宇巍峨,建(jian)于(yu)唐漢之(zhi)前(qian),祠(ci)左側是勝景(jing)“冽石(shi)寒泉(quan)”,右上方三(san)里(li)處為(wei)(wei)傅(fu)山(shan)廟。景(jing)區梧桐神(shen)木,二朗神(shen)手印,趙戴文(wen)故居(ju),傅(fu)山(shan)先(xian)生隱居(ju)過(guo)的朝陽洞、虹巢氏景(jing)中之(zhi)景(jing)。放河燈(deng)、天(tian)燈(deng)、沙(sha)雕(diao)等民俗文(wen)化眾采紛(fen)呈。
位于市(shi)區西北24公里處。山(shan)勢(shi)陡峻(jun),松柏(bo)遍野,春日山(shan)花(hua)競(jing)放,秋(qiu)來紅(hong)葉滿山(shan)。“崛圍紅(hong)葉”是太原(yuan)著名風景之一(yi)。山(shan)頂有(you)全國重點文物保護(hu)單位多福寺(si)和(he)七級(ji)舍利塔,寺(si)內(nei)藏有(you)寺(si)觀壁(bi)畫和(he)傅墨(mo)跡。
在太原西南(nan)約20公(gong)里(li)處,晉祠以北(bei)的寺(si)底村(cun),主峰高1325米(mi),蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)曉月為舊(jiu)太原八景(jing)之(zhi)一。公(gong)元551年(nian),北(bei)齊文宣帝高洋鑿(zao)開化(hua)寺(si)后大(da)(da)(da)(da)巖為大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),歷五代24年(nian)始(shi)成(cheng)。稱為西山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)。蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)以山(shan)(shan)(shan)鐫刻,結跏趺定(ding)而坐,雙手施禪(chan)定(ding)印,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)體厚胛肥肩,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)超(chao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒,高遏云天(tian),氣勢非凡。據史稱,佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)高“二百尺(chi)”(約63米(mi))略低于四川樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),但早于樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)162年(nian),是我國(guo)最(zui)早的露天(tian)摩崖(ya)石(shi)刻大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),隋文帝時新建(jian)了庇蓋大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)的殿(dian)閣,唐高宗和武則天(tian)曾來此禮(li)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),賜宮內(nei)袈裟。是山(shan)(shan)(shan)西乃(nai)至世(shi)界(jie)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教、建(jian)筑、雕刻史上的一大(da)(da)(da)(da)奇跡,有(you)(you)極高的保護(hu)和開發價(jia)值(zhi)。近年(nian)來,蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)引起了國(guo)內(nei)有(you)(you)關(guan)學界(jie)的高度關(guan)注;在海外,日本(ben)、韓國(guo)及東南(nan)亞佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教界(jie)都特別推(tui)崇蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),尤其日本(ben)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教界(jie),更是推(tui)崇蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo),認(ren)為其歷史悠(you)久居中國(guo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)像之(zhi)首;國(guo)家有(you)(you)關(guan)部(bu)門也對(dui)此高度重(zhong)視。經(jing)過各方面的努力(li),蒙(meng)(meng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)景(jing)區初具規模。
位(wei)于(yu)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)市西(xi)南23公里,山中有太(tai)(tai)山寺四周叢林遍野,古柏掩(yan)映,寺隱(yin)其間(jian),非(fei)登臨不得見。據(ju)碑文記載,始建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang)景(jing)(jing)云元年(nian)(710年(nian))。原(yuan)為道(dao)教(jiao)廟宇,名昊天祠,明初改為佛(fo)寺。太(tai)(tai)山自然(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀也(ye)非(fei)常(chang)秀麗,滿(man)山的(de)灌(guan)木(mu)黃櫨(lu)更是(shi)(shi)聞名于(yu)世,與龍山紅葉、崛圍紅葉組(zu)成太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)西(xi)山紅葉美景(jing)(jing),是(shi)(shi)一處不可多得的(de)融人文景(jing)(jing)觀與自然(ran)景(jing)(jing)觀于(yu)一體(ti)的(de)旅游勝(sheng)地(di)。2008年(nian)6月(yue)11日,山西(xi)省太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)市文物(wu)局(ju)在(zai)太(tai)(tai)山龍泉寺發(fa)現(xian)一處建(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)址,經有關(guan)專家發(fa)掘證實為唐(tang)武(wu)周時期(qi)佛(fo)塔基址,基址下發(fa)掘出一座地(di)宮,地(di)宮內藏有一個石(shi)函(han),石(shi)函(han)內套裝有鎏(liu)(liu)金銅(tong)飾(shi)木(mu)槨、木(mu)胎鎏(liu)(liu)金銅(tong)槨、木(mu)胎銀(yin)槨、金棺(guan),共計五重(zhong)棺(guan)槨。內有聚成堆的(de)顆(ke)粒狀物(wu)體(ti),應為舍利(li)。該遺(yi)址是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)塔地(di)宮瘞埋(mai)舍利(li)的(de)早期(qi)實例(li),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)現(xian)存地(di)宮中最早的(de)一例(li);出土遺(yi)物(wu)等級較高,為研究(jiu)唐(tang)代佛(fo)教(jiao)及金銀(yin)器等制作(zuo)工藝提供了(le)實物(wu)資料(liao)。
位于太(tai)原市(shi)西(xi)南(nan)二十(shi)余公里(li)處。龍山童(tong)(tong)子寺(si)(si)(si)為(wei)北齊(qi)天保七年(nian)(公元(yuan)556年(nian))僧宏禮(li)禪師創建,相傳有(you)(you)二童(tong)(tong)子藏于比(bi)山隱(yin)修,見(jian)山石(shi)儼似世尊,遂鐫佛像,高(gao)于57米,因名(ming)童(tong)(tong)子寺(si)(si)(si)。北齊(qi)文宣帝高(gao)洋曾登寺(si)(si)(si)俯瞰(kan)并州(今太(tai)原)城景。金天輔元(yuan)年(nian)(1117年(nian))寺(si)(si)(si)毀于兵火,明嘉靖元(yuan)年(nian)(1522年(nian))重(zhong)建。寺(si)(si)(si)內(nei)(nei)建筑(zhu)及其(qi)石(shi)雕佛像早已不(bu)存。寺(si)(si)(si)前有(you)(you)燃(ran)燈(deng)石(shi)塔,高(gao)4.12米,平面(mian)六角形,下(xia)部(bu)束腰基座(zuo)約及全高(gao)之(zhi)半,塔身(shen)中(zhong)空(kong),內(nei)(nei)置燈(deng)室(shi),三面(mian)開門,頂部(bu)排煙(yan)。塔身(shen)比(bi)例適度(du),造形秀美。雖歷經1400多年(nian)風(feng)雨,依(yi)然(ran)如故,是我國已知最古(gu)的(de)燃(ran)燈(deng)石(shi)塔。龍山主峰極頂,有(you)(you)元(yuan)初大道人宋德芳主持重(zhong)建的(de)昊天觀(guan),觀(guan)址東側,有(you)(you)石(shi)窟(ku)八洞,為(wei)國內(nei)(nei)僅(jin)存的(de)元(yuan)代道教(jiao)石(shi)窟(ku)群。龍山道教(jiao)石(shi)窟(ku)群為(wei)全國重(zhong)點文物保護單位。
位(wei)于太原市(shi)(shi)西南(nan)二十公里處。《山(shan)海經(jing)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有“懸甕之山(shan),晉(jin)(jin)水出焉”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)。懸甕山(shan)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單位(wei)晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci),山(shan)上有懸甕寺(si)。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)位(wei)于山(shan)西太原市(shi)(shi)西南(nan)懸甕山(shan)麓,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)祭祀建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、園(yuan)林(lin)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑、壁(bi)畫、碑刻藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一而珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史文(wen)化遺產,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)世界建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、園(yuan)林(lin)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公元7世紀至12世紀間極(ji)為(wei)(wei)輝煌(huang)壯美、璀璨絢爛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)篇章。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)祭祀西周(zhou)唐國(guo)諸侯姬虞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祠(ci)堂,創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)于西周(zhou)(公元前11世紀)。1500年(nian)前,在北(bei)魏酈道元《水經(jing)注(zhu)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)(ji)載(zai)晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)已(yi)有相當(dang)規模。后(hou)經(jing)北(bei)齊、隋、唐、五代(dai)(dai)、宋(song)(song)(song)、金、元、明、清(qing)及民國(guo)諸時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi),歷經(jing)2000多年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擘劃營造和修(xiu)葺(qi)擴充,遂成當(dang)今(jin)規模。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)于公元7世紀至12世紀間最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)興盛,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)唐、宋(song)(song)(song)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)林(lin)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)刻藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)之典范。保存至今(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有盛唐時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)碑刻,宋(song)(song)(song)、元、明、清(qing)不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)100余座,特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主體(ti)(ti)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)圣母(mu)殿被譽為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)史上唯(wei)一具有典型性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)宋(song)(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)實(shi)例。保存在圣母(mu)殿內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)宋(song)(song)(song)塑群像(xiang)突破了宋(song)(song)(song)以前宗(zong)教造像(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模式,而成為(wei)(wei)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)社會上真實(shi)人物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寫照,開創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)了雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)寫實(shi)作品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先河,它不(bu)僅是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑史上唯(wei)一反(fan)映(ying)宮廷人物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造像(xiang),而且(qie)(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑史上藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)高超(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罕見精品。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)以其(qi)(qi)獨(du)具匠心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總體(ti)(ti)布局,使(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)伴之以奔流不(bu)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難老泉水、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)名木,將建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)空間和自(zi)然景色融(rong)為(wei)(wei)一體(ti)(ti),人工美與(yu)(yu)自(zi)然美巧妙地糅和在一起(qi),集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳統建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)“天人合(he)(he)一,物我相融(rong)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理念。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)創(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)建(jian)(jian)年(nian)代(dai)(dai)久遠(yuan),跨越(yue)時(shi)(shi)空漫長(chang),所(suo)處地理位(wei)置優(you)越(yue),自(zi)然景色幽美,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)許多祠(ci)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)難以比(bi)擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)以大量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑、碑刻、壁(bi)畫、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)名木,從(cong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)側面反(fan)映(ying)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)政(zheng)治、經(jing)濟、建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)、園(yuan)林(lin)、雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)塑、宗(zong)教、文(wen)化等諸多領域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)變化,晉(jin)(jin)祠(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史、藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)、科學和鑒賞價(jia)值,使(shi)其(qi)(qi)成為(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)宗(zong)祠(ci)與(yu)(yu)園(yuan)林(lin)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)相結合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)且(qie)(qie)跨越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史最(zui)(zui)長(chang)又最(zui)(zui)具代(dai)(dai)表性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)唯(wei)一實(shi)例,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)文(wen)化和人類建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)寶庫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一份最(zui)(zui)珍(zhen)貴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺產。
原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)方山(shan)(shan)(shan),位(wei)于(yu)太原(yuan)市西(xi)南36公(gong)(gong)里,距晉(jin)祠景(jing)區14公(gong)(gong)里。有(you)專用(yong)公(gong)(gong)路(lu)相連(lian)。天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)屏峰(feng)黛立,松(song)柏成(cheng)蔭,溪泉(quan)鳴澗(jian),氣候(hou)涼爽。早在(zai)東(dong)魏(wei)時高(gao)(gao)(gao)歡(huan)建了(le)避(bi)暑(shu)宮,北(bei)齊高(gao)(gao)(gao)洋建了(le)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)寺,并都開(kai)鑿(zao)了(le)石窟(ku)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)因寺而得(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming),寺因窟(ku)而著稱(cheng),從此,天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)大振(zhen)。天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)區包(bao)括(kuo)晉(jin)祠鎮的(de)武坡、南坪、窯頭(tou)三個(ge)自然村和柳子溝(gou)源頭(tou)的(de)南山(shan)(shan)(shan)、北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(即天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)),占地約185公(gong)(gong)頃。山(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)多(duo)砂頁巖,呈現出奇特(te)的(de)地質地貌(mao);山(shan)(shan)(shan)上多(duo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan),有(you)豐富的(de)泉(quan)源;山(shan)(shan)(shan)內多(duo)林(lin)木(mu),森林(lin)覆蓋率達70%;山(shan)(shan)(shan)間多(duo)鳥獸,屬國(guo)家一、二(er)類(lei)保護動物有(you)二(er)十多(duo)種。景(jing)區風光秀麗(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)不高(gao)(gao)(gao)而挺(ting)拔,清幽涼爽;樹(shu)不大而茂(mao)密(mi),萬木(mu)崢嶸。古(gu)有(you)“天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)八(ba)景(jing)”,是(shi)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)旅(lv)游勝地。現今(jin),它是(shi)晉(jin)祠——天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝區的(de)組成(cheng)部分,天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園的(de)主體。全國(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石窟(ku)創(chuang)建于(yu)東(dong)魏(wei)(公(gong)(gong)元534—550年),高(gao)(gao)(gao)歡(huan)在(zai)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku),高(gao)(gao)(gao)歡(huan)之(zhi)子高(gao)(gao)(gao)洋建立北(bei)齊的(de)晉(jin)陽為(wei)(wei)別都,繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)在(zai)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku)。隋代楊廣為(wei)(wei)晉(jin)王,繼(ji)(ji)續(xu)開(kai)鑿(zao)石窟(ku),唐(tang)代李淵父子起(qi)家于(yu)晉(jin)陽,建造(zao)石窟(ku)達到高(gao)(gao)(gao)峰(feng)。石窟(ku)分布(bu)在(zai)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)西(xi)兩(liang)峰(feng)的(de)懸崖腰部,有(you)東(dong)魏(wei),北(bei)齊、隋、唐(tang)開(kai)鑿(zao)的(de)24個(ge)洞窟(ku),東(dong)峰(feng)八(ba)窟(ku),西(xi)峰(feng)十三窟(ku),山(shan)(shan)(shan)北(bei)3窟(ku)。現存石窟(ku)造(zao)像1500余尊(zun),浮雕、藻井、畫像1144幅。天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上,還有(you)遍山(shan)(shan)(shan)松(song)柏,尤(you)以盤(pan)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)古(gu)松(song)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)游神盤(pan),縱橫纏繞,為(wei)(wei)天(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上又(you)一奇觀。
為天主教圣地。自然風光優美,通(tong)過(guo)“之”字形山(shan)路通(tong)向山(shan)頂(ding),過(guo)14處“耶穌受難”點(dian),進入“上天之門”,再(zai)登39級臺(tai)階,展現在眼前的是(shi)中西合璧的祭壇和主殿。七苦山(shan)在天主教歷(li)史(shi)上占(zhan)有重要地位,是(shi)省(sheng)內外天主教友(you)重要活(huo)動場(chang)所之一。每年(nian)的9月15日有數萬(wan)天主教徒到此朝拜。
天龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)天龍(long)(long)(long)寺(si)(si)(si)(si),龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)童(tong)子寺(si)(si)(si)(si),蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)開化(hua)(hua)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)三處都有(you)(you)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),哪處是“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”呢!史(shi)學家說(shuo)法不(bu)(bu)一(yi),有(you)(you)說(shuo)“即天龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)像(xiang)”,有(you)(you)說(shuo)“在(zai)(zai)蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan),但已不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai)了”。《北齊書(shu)》載(zai):“鑿(zao)晉(jin)陽(yang)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)像(xiang),一(yi)夜燃油萬(wan)盆,光照(zhao)(zhao)宮(gong)內”。“宮(gong)”指歷史(shi)上著名的(de)晉(jin)陽(yang)宮(gong),遺址在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)源鎮古城(cheng)營(ying)村九(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)廟一(yi)帶,看來(lai)哪尊大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)處“燃油萬(wan)盆”光能照(zhao)(zhao)到古城(cheng)營(ying)村,便是那尊大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。天龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)在(zai)(zai)古城(cheng)營(ying)村西(xi)南(nan)(nan)三十余(yu)里,中(zhong)間(jian)有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)阻隔,光照(zhao)(zhao)不(bu)(bu)到古城(cheng)營(ying)村,可見“天龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)造(zao)像(xiang)”并(bing)非(fei)“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”。至于(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)童(tong)于(yu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),碑(bei)刻方志都載(zai)有(you)(you)這尊大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)鑿(zao)于(yu)北齊天保七年(556),其事在(zai)(zai)高緯鑿(zao)成大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)之前,說(shuo)明這也不(bu)(bu)是“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”,那就只有(you)(you)蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)開化(hua)(hua)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)了。蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)開化(hua)(hua)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)在(zai)(zai)“文(wen)革(ge)’中(zhong)已毀(hui),現寺(si)(si)(si)(si)發(fa)現殘存斷碑(bei)中(zhong)有(you)(you)五代劉智遠《重修蒙山(shan)(shan)(shan)開化(hua)(hua)莊(zhuang)嚴閣(ge)記(ji)》碑(bei),碑(bei)載(zai)“西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”就在(zai)(zai)這里。并(bing)且記(ji)載(zai):像(xiang)在(zai)(zai)“寺(si)(si)(si)(si)后一(yi)里”。后寺(si)(si)(si)(si)已不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai),地稱(cheng)“大(da)(da)肚(du)崖(ya)”。近(jin)觀石(shi)巖如大(da)(da)肚(du),遙望,胸(xiong)、臂分(fen)明,無頭,原是一(yi)座山(shan)(shan)(shan)巖鑿(zao)成。一(yi)個石(shi)刻巨人(ren)胸(xiong)頸兀突現于(yu)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)之間(jian),爬上巨人(ren)頸上東南(nan)(nan)眺(tiao)望,山(shan)(shan)(shan)豁間(jian)可見二十里外古城(cheng)營(ying)村,晉(jin)陽(yang)宮(gong)遺址處就在(zai)(zai)眼前,確是可以“燃油萬(wan)盆,光照(zhao)(zhao)宮(gong)內”的(de),這一(yi)石(shi)刻巨人(ren),就是“晉(jin)陽(yang)西(xi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)大(da)(da)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)”。