有巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏早期生(sheng)活(huo)在(zai)浙江(jiang)寧紹(shao)平原一(yi)帶(dai),原屬河(he)姆渡人的一(yi)支;后遷徙至良渚古(gu)城,在(zai)杭嘉(jia)湖(hu)平原休(xiu)養(yang)生(sheng)息(xi)并(bing)創造“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居”(構木為巣(chao));并(bing)于(yu)今(jin)山東瑯琊古(gu)城建立(li)陪(pei)都。后又遷至安徽(hui)(hui)省(sheng)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)流域一(yi)帶(dai),定(ding)都于(yu)凌家(jia)灘古(gu)城(今(jin)安徽(hui)(hui)凌家(jia)灘遺址);建立(li)古(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國。
古(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)是一個以凌家灘(tan)古(gu)城為中心的城邦(bang)國(guo)家。處于凌家灘(tan)文化時期(前(qian)4664----前(qian)4464年)。同(tong)時也屬(shu)于上古(gu)部落(luo)首領”有巢(chao)氏“(尊號”巢(chao)皇“、”大(da)巢(chao)氏“前(qian)4964----前(qian)4464年在位)執政后期。
古(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)由良(liang)渚古(gu)國(guo)演變而來,古(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)的創(chuang)立者就(jiu)是(shi)良(liang)渚古(gu)國(guo)的末代君主(zhu)(或氏族)。古(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)文明本(ben)身也(ye)是(shi)良(liang)渚文明的延(yan)續。
古(gu)巢國(guo)本身傳承了河姆渡、良渚、凌家(jia)灘三(san)種文化(hua),是三(san)大遠古(gu)文明的集大成者。
巢(chao)湖市(shi)位踞華東腹地,處皖江(jiang)中(zhong)心南依湯湯長(chang)江(jiang),脈連蜀(shu)越五湖,西北望莽莽淮河,懷抱巨浸十川,千里(li)沃野,百巒星布,四季(ji)分明而(er)(er)水豐土(tu)(tu)腴,八方(fang)(fang)輻(fu)輳而(er)(er)物阜(fu)人旺;是中(zhong)華人類起源(yuan)的一方(fang)(fang)瑞(rui)土(tu)(tu),中(zhong)華人文始(shi)祖有(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)及其氏(shi)族(zu)生(sheng)息繁衍而(er)(er)發韌文明,在(zai)這里(li)建(jian)立龐(pang)大的氏(shi)族(zu)方(fang)(fang)國---巢(chao)國。
而后(hou)又有(you)有(you)巢氏分支向黃淮(huai)平(ping)原遷徙,定都于商(shang)丘古(gu)城(cheng)建立了燧明國(實(shi)為“燧明城(cheng)邦(bang)”)。
有(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)最早開發巢(chao)湖流域的(de)漁(yu)、農、商諸(zhu)業,獲得了(le)迅速繁衍(yan)與(yu)興(xing)旺(wang)壯大的(de)先機,夏(xia)代之前便形成(cheng)了(le)自己的(de)氏(shi)族方國——有(you)巢(chao)國,簡稱(cheng)巢(chao)國。
隨著氏族興旺壯大而向(xiang)四周(zhou)擴展(zhan),主流(liu)趨勢是沿長江(jiang)北岸土肥(fei)(fei)水豐(feng)的(de)平陸(lu)地(di)帶東西雙(shuang)向(xiang)蔓延(yan),并往大別山(shan)(shan)麓發展(zhan)。其疆域廣袤(mao),大約包括今巢(chao)湖市(shi)(1區(qu)4縣(xian))、合肥(fei)(fei)市(shi)(城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和3縣(xian))、六(liu)安市(shi)(市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)和六(liu)安、壽(shou)縣(xian)、舒(shu)城(cheng)(cheng)、霍(huo)山(shan)(shan)等(deng)縣(xian))和安慶市(shi)(桐城(cheng)(cheng)、樅(cong)陽等(deng)縣(xian))、滁州(zhou)市(shi)(市(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)、全椒、來安等(deng)縣(xian))南京市(shi)江(jiang)北地(di)區(qu)在內的(de)方圓幾千里的(de)原野、水澤(ze)、山(shan)(shan)林。
歷(li)史(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)夏曾(ceng)佑(you)先生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)述上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)研討“世(shi)(shi)(shi)界之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)(chu)”時(shi)(shi)即(ji)曾(ceng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)過:“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng),決不(bu)(bu)(bu)能謂(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)無所(suo)(suo)始(shi)。然(ran)言其(qi)(qi)(qi)所(suo)(suo)始(shi),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)。”當(dang)時(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)”約(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)派(pai)(pai),一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“由古(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),則人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)神(shen)(shen)造(zao)”,一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“由今(jin)(jin)(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),則人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)天演”。(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代史(shi)(shi)》)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)“神(shen)(shen)造(zao)”,乃“盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)開天”,即(ji)盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)老(lao)祖(zu)用斧鑿開辟天地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)而衍(yan)生(sheng)天皇(huang)、地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)皇(huang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)便產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)及有(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏。或(huo)曰“女媧造(zao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,無所(suo)(suo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)女神(shen)(shen)女媧氏以石(shi)(shi)(shi)補天,并用黃土(tu)捏(nie)造(zao)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)亦然(ran),譬(pi)如《圣經》就(jiu)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)帝創造(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)當(dang)、夏娃繁(fan)(fan)衍(yan)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)“天演”,即(ji)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東方譯說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo),源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)查(cha)理(li)·達爾文(wen)(wen)(wen)(Charles Robert Darwin)1859年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)版的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《物種起源(yuan)(yuan)》,及赫胥黎(Thomas Henry Huxley)所(suo)(suo)著(zhu)(zhu)《進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)與(yu)(yu)倫(lun)理(li)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著(zhu)(zhu)名學(xue)(xue)(xue)者嚴(yan)復于(yu)(yu)1895年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)漢譯為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)《天演論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)》。現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代科學(xue)(xue)(xue)確認(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)非為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“神(shen)(shen)造(zao)”,蓋由生(sheng)物進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)而成。關(guan)于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)同(tong)樣“說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)各不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)”,也(ye)約(yue)(yue)(yue)分(fen)兩(liang)派(pai)(pai),一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)由域(yu)(yu)(yu)外遷(qian)徙而來(lai),其(qi)(qi)(qi)遵循的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“非洲(zhou)起源(yuan)(yuan)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)”;一(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)本土(tu)亦產(chan)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)近些年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai),隨著(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),如巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)龍骨坡(po)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”系紀于(yu)(yu)204萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以前(qian)(qian),且為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan),這(zhe)就(jiu)徹(che)底動搖(yao)了(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)(qi)以來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)世(shi)(shi)(shi)界人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“一(yi)(yi)本同(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)。隨著(zhu)(zhu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)起源(yuan)(yuan)”學(xue)(xue)(xue)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興(xing)起和(he)(he)(he)(he)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)成果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)新(xin)(xin)獲(huo),雄辯地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)了(le)(le)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、華(hua)夏文(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。處(chu)于(yu)(yu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游皖江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)塊發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)、發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點區(qu)位。自20世(shi)(shi)(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代初(chu)(chu)始(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)專家(jia)(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)片圣地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)掘并獲(huo)取(qu)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴遺(yi)(yi)(yi)骸和(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)批(pi)動植物化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi),充分(fen)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)明早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)70萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~60萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)(亦有(you)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)),和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)洞曾(ceng)居住著(zhu)(zhu)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)。“‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’與(yu)(yu)‘北(bei)(bei)京人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’區(qu)別較(jiao)大(da)(da),而與(yu)(yu)‘爪哇人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’比較(jiao)近似。同(tong)出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)骨器(qi)(qi)、角器(qi)(qi)很多,加工清楚(chu),類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型穩定(ding),用火證(zheng)(zheng)據也(ye)十(shi)分(fen)確鑿……據賈蘭坡(po)教授(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見,‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’可能早(zao)(zao)(zao)達七十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~六(liu)十(shi)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。”(張習孔、田玨(jue)主編《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)事編年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)·遠古(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)代》)隨后(hou)又(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)居巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)區(qu)岱(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞穴里(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居住遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),距今(jin)(jin)(jin)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)30萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)。“和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)證(zheng)(zheng),對于(yu)(yu)研究(jiu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起源(yuan)(yuan),探索中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)差異和(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下游地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)演化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)都至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)。《安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省志(zhi)·文(wen)(wen)(wen)物志(zhi)提要(yao)》明確指(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代初(chu)(chu),先后(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)洞、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)批(pi)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)……被學(xue)(xue)(xue)術界命名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)‘和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’和(he)(he)(he)(he)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)’。80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)以來(lai),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)皖南(nan)(nan)(nan)水陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)及沿江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)又(you)相繼(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)批(pi)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點,時(shi)(shi)代為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更新(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)或(huo)偏晚(wan)(wan),屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)系統。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)對研究(jiu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)下游地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),以及與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)代文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系,有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)十(shi)分(fen)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。”文(wen)(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者靳懷堾評論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun):“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)策源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)又(you)決不(bu)(bu)(bu)止于(yu)(yu)黃河(he)(he)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)……長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)200~170萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)就(jiu)有(you)巫(wu)(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)元謀猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)支流兩(liang)岸生(sheng)活(huo)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)還有(you)鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、鄖(yun)西(xi)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)(he)長(chang)(chang)陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、桐梓人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、麗江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、西(xi)疇(chou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)繁(fan)(fan)衍(yan)生(sheng)息(xi)。”(《華(hua)夏江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)》)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)京猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)者之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許漢奎(kui)研究(jiu)員等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)專家(jia)(jia),將(jiang)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)最(zui)(zui)早(zao)(zao)(zao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)潛(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)靈長(chang)(chang)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)骨化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(距今(jin)(jin)(jin)6000多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)溧(li)陽(yang)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)曙猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(4500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian),比埃及古(gu)(gu)(gu)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)還早(zao)(zao)(zao)1000多萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))、江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗(si)洪雙溝(gou)“雙溝(gou)醉(zui)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)1500~1000萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)繁(fan)(fan)昌石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(240萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)50~40萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“南(nan)(nan)(nan)京智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”和(he)(he)(he)(he)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)30~20萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、“鎮江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”(約(yue)(yue)(yue)4~3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian))、溧(li)水人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(約(yue)(yue)(yue)2~1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))等(deng)等(deng)聯系起來(lai)分(fen)析研究(jiu),“推(tui)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)起源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)》)楊東晨研究(jiu)員認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei):“從靠近長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)陶店龍潭(tan)(tan)洞古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi),及皖南(nan)(nan)(nan)水陽(yang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)兩(liang)岸二(er)級階地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)12處(chu)舊石(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)點來(lai)看,長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)”。(《先秦時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民族和(he)(he)(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)考(kao)察》)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者徐吉(ji)軍指(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)又(you)稱‘兩(liang)淮(huai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)’,以巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心,其(qi)(qi)(qi)范圍大(da)(da)致包(bao)括長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)以北(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)、安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)兩(liang)省境地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。她處(chu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)黃河(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交流的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過渡地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶,是(shi)(shi)(shi)連接中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)走(zou)廊與(yu)(yu)橋梁。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明和(he)(he)(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)存。江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)蘇(su)泗(si)洪下草灣猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)龍潭(tan)(tan)洞猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),表明早(zao)(zao)(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)更新(xin)(xin)世(shi)(shi)(shi)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi),江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)淮(huai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)就(jiu)有(you)了(le)(le)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動。”(《論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃分(fen)》)“和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)證(zheng)(zheng),確立了(le)(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)祥(xiang)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顯著(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)位。歷(li)史(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)(xue)家(jia)(jia)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)應梁指(zhi)出(chu)(chu):“安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)龍潭(tan)(tan)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng),稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晚(wan)(wan)期(qi)(qi)直立人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)完(wan)全(quan)形成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),亦即(ji)真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民族史(shi)(shi)》)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)者朱泓教授(shou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)于(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)徽(hui)(hui)省巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi))銀(yin)屏區(qu)岱(dai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鄉銀(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)村附近……該批(pi)材料(liao)所(suo)(suo)顯示出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些進(jin)步性體(ti)質(zhi)特征與(yu)(yu)北(bei)(bei)京猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)(he)(he)(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong),故巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)早(zao)(zao)(zao)期(qi)(qi)智(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范疇(chou)。”(《體(ti)質(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)(xue)(xue)》)這(zhe)就(jiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)始(shi)祖(zu)有(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)籍于(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)(yu)奠定(ding)了(le)(le)最(zui)(zui)堅實亦最(zui)(zui)可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社會學(xue)(xue)(xue)理(li)論(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)基礎。
現代(dai)(dai)(dai)社(she)(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)很(hen)難想(xiang)象遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)自然界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)種(zhong)荒(huang)涼混沌景(jing)象,也(ye)很(hen)難想(xiang)象包括原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)物界(jie)那(nei)(nei)等(deng)野(ye)(ye)(ye)蠻混亂(luan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)狀(zhuang)態(tai),而(er)(er)(er)只能通過(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)上(shang)關于(yu)(yu)遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)自然和(he)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)記(ji)述(shu),從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)讀出(chu)(chu)(chu)和(he)想(xiang)見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)合(he)(he)乎當時(shi)(shi)(shi)“實(shi)(shi)況(kuang)”或“真相(xiang)相(xiang)近”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)景(jing)來(lai)(lai)。(徐旭生(sheng)(sheng)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)》)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻(xian)告(gao)訴我們(men)(men)(men),“上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)而(er)(er)(er)野(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu),后(hou)世圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)易(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以宮室(shi)(shi)。”(《易(yi)·系辭(ci)》)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng),因陵(ling)(ling)丘崛穴(xue)而(er)(er)(er)處(chu)焉。”“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min),未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)宮室(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),就陵(ling)(ling)阜而(er)(er)(er)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),穴(xue)而(er)(er)(er)處(chu)……未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)衣(yi)服(fu)時(shi)(shi)(shi),衣(yi)皮帶茭……未(wei)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飲食(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi),素(su)(su)食(shi)而(er)(er)(er)分(fen)處(chu)。”(《墨子(zi)(zi)·辭(ci)過(guo)(guo)》)“日與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),族(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物并。”(《莊(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)·馬(ma)蹄(ti)》)“昔者(zhe)昊英(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,以伐(fa)木與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)殺。”(《商(shang)君書(shu)(shu)·畫策篇(pian)》)“昔者(zhe)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)王未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宮室(shi)(shi),冬(dong)則(ze)(ze)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)營窟,夏(xia)則(ze)(ze)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)橧巢(chao)(chao)(chao)。未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)火化(hua)(hua),食(shi)草木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi),禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou),飲其血,茹其毛,未(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)麻絲,衣(yi)其羽(yu)皮。”(《禮(li)(li)記(ji)·禮(li)(li)運》)“合(he)(he)雒(luo)紀世,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)始(shi)(shi)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),衣(yi)皮毛。”(《春秋(qiu)緯·命(ming)(ming)歷(li)(li)(li)序》)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)共處(chu)洞穴(xue)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)少(shao)年(nian),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為(wei)爭(zheng)奪(duo)洞穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住權付出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)代(dai)(dai)(dai)價,誰(shui)也(ye)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)詳考和(he)統計。原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)面對大(da)(da)(da)(da)量死亡,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)流血和(he)日夜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哀號(hao)(hao)(hao),老弱婦幼唯(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)恐慌與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)淚泣,青壯(zhuang)年(nian)們(men)(men)(men)則(ze)(ze)努力拼搏(bo)著、掙(zheng)扎著、思慮著、探索著——人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)必須走出(chu)(chu)(chu)洞穴(xue),避(bi)(bi)讓(rang)蟲(chong)(chong)蛇(she),離開禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),尋找和(he)建筑屬于(yu)(yu)自己生(sheng)(sheng)存與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)繁衍(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)空(kong)間(jian)——于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi),“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”終于(yu)(yu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現了(le)(le)。那(nei)(nei)么首(shou)創巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)誰(shui)呢(ni)?《莊(zhuang)子(zi)(zi)·盜跖》云(yun)(yun):“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)者(zhe)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)多(duo)(duo)而(er)(er)(er)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)少(shao),于(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)皆巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)以避(bi)(bi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。晝拾橡栗,暮棲木上(shang),故(gu)命(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)’。”《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三墳(fen)》記(ji):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)太古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),覺(jue)識于(yu)(yu)天(tian)、地(di)、草、木、蟲(chong)(chong)、魚、鳥(niao)、獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),俾人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)穴(xue),積鳥(niao)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肉(rou),聚(ju)草木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi),天(tian)下(xia)九(jiu)頭,咸歸有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao),始(shi)(shi)君也(ye),動(dong)止(zhi),群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)相(xiang)聚(ju)而(er)(er)(er)尊事之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”《韓(han)非(fei)子(zi)(zi)·五(wu)蠹》載(zai):“上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)世,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)少(shao)而(er)(er)(er)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)眾,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)不勝禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)蟲(chong)(chong)蛇(she)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)作,構木為(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao),以避(bi)(bi)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)害(hai),而(er)(er)(er)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(悅)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),使王天(tian)下(xia),號(hao)(hao)(hao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)’。”《始(shi)(shi)學篇(pian)》曰:“上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皆穴(xue)處(chu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),號(hao)(hao)(hao)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)’。”《通志·三皇紀》云(yun)(yun):“厥(jue)初(chu),先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)穴(xue)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)野(ye)(ye)(ye)處(chu),圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)結巢(chao)(chao)(chao),以避(bi)(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)豸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai),而(er)(er)(er)食(shi)草木之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)實(shi)(shi),故(gu)號(hao)(hao)(hao)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)’,亦曰‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)’。”毫無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)疑問,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”首(shou)創者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)垠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai),茫茫洪荒(huang),兇禽(qin)(qin)猛獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou),初(chu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)艱難困苦,生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)毫無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)保障,各個“原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)”無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)不奮力戰斗(dou)以圖(tu)改(gai)變和(he)改(gai)善生(sheng)(sheng)存條(tiao)件,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)創見(jian)最(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)發明(ming)(ming)最(zui)(zui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)貢獻(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)就是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi),他(ta)既有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)圣人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心,仁(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)愛(ai),更(geng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)偉(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)志,杰人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing),他(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)極其艱難的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困境(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),用(yong)(yong)智(zhi)慧和(he)膽識,血汗(han)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming),英(ying)勇(yong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)畏地(di)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)天(tian)斗(dou),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)斗(dou),與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)斗(dou),終于(yu)(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)奮斗(dou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)創造(zao)革新(xin),導(dao)引(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英(ying)雄(xiong)典范。1903年(nian),民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)學者(zhe)效(xiao)魯在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)贊(zan)(zan)美中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)悠久(jiu)偉(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)曾這樣(yang)宣(xuan)言:“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)作巢(chao)(chao)(chao)法(fa)(fa),伏羲氏(shi)(shi)畫八卦、教(jiao)(jiao)佃漁、造(zao)書(shu)(shu)契、作甲歷(li)(li)(li),神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)藝五(wu)谷,制醫藥,立商(shang)廛,蓋(gai)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)甲于(yu)(yu)諸族(zu)(zu)……民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)智(zhi)漸(jian)啟,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)濫觴,實(shi)(shi)始(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)斯時(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)(guo)去及未(wei)來(lai)(lai)》)學者(zhe)、出(chu)(chu)(chu)版家(jia)(jia)(jia)王云(yun)(yun)五(wu)贊(zan)(zan)頌說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi),上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)偉(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),教(jiao)(jiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)造(zao)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。”(《王云(yun)(yun)五(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)辭(ci)典》)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)徐旭生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統里(li)面,由于(yu)(yu)特(te)別(bie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)(da)功(gong),或者(zhe)更(geng)可以說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)由于(yu)(yu)他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)業(ye)更(geng)容易(yi)被人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)了(le)(le)解,所(suo)(suo)以除了(le)(le)《系辭(ci)》所(suo)(suo)述(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)帝以外他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)特(te)別(bie)占著一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)優勝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)》)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)史(shi)(shi)學者(zhe)蔡建軍指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu):“從(cong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)‘構木為(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)’,到(dao)燧人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)‘鉆(zhan)燧取火’,到(dao)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)‘與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)麋鹿共處(chu),耕而(er)(er)(er)食(shi),織而(er)(er)(er)衣(yi)’,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)‘上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)’史(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展階段。”(《玉(yu)蟾巖神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)遺址與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)起(qi)源》)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)德具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)導(dao)引(yin)全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劃時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)意(yi)(yi)義(yi)。恩格(ge)斯指(zhi)出(chu)(chu)(chu):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),我們(men)(men)(men)就開始(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。”(《自然辯證法(fa)(fa)》)這里(li)所(suo)(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”,指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),指(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)從(cong)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)猿”進(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)來(lai)(lai)而(er)(er)(er)跨入(ru)“原(yuan)始(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”新(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“最(zui)(zui)早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)”。所(suo)(suo)謂歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi),本質(zhi)上(shang)就是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會史(shi)(shi),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)是(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)要素(su)(su)。恩格(ge)斯又說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)(men)最(zui)(zui)初(chu)怎(zen)樣(yang)脫離動(dong)物界(jie)(就狹義(yi)而(er)(er)(er)言),他(ta)們(men)(men)(men)就怎(zen)樣(yang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)。”(《自然辯證法(fa)(fa)》)這就明(ming)(ming)確告(gao)訴我們(men)(men)(men),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)(she)會歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)頁是(shi)(shi)最(zui)(zui)初(chu)脫離動(dong)物界(jie)那(nei)(nei)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步(bu)走成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。1924年(nian)3月9日,孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)講授《民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)權主義(yi)》,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)討論人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)“世界(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)”分(fen)析遠(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)自然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系時(shi)(shi)(shi),則(ze)(ze)隆重地(di)推(tui)出(chu)(chu)(chu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi),他(ta)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“世界(jie)進(jin)(jin)(jin)化(hua)(hua)……到(dao)了(le)(le)同(tong)天(tian)爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai),專(zhuan)講打(da)是(shi)(shi)不可能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),故(gu)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)感(gan)覺(jue)非(fei)常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)困難。后(hou)來(lai)(lai)便(bian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)聰明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)謀(mou)幸(xing)福……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)教(jiao)(jiao)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹上(shang)做(zuo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)室(shi)(shi),替人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)謀(mou)避(bi)(bi)風雨的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)災害(hai)。自此以后(hou),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)便(bian)逐(zhu)漸(jian)發達,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)也(ye)逐(zhu)漸(jian)團結起(qi)來(lai)(lai)。”(《三民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主義(yi)》)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)呂振羽(yu)滿腔熱(re)情(qing)地(di)贊(zan)(zan)美有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)“構木為(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偉(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(da)(da)創造(zao),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)至此“才從(cong)‘日與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju),族(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)萬物并’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)解放出(chu)(chu)(chu)來(lai)(lai)。”(《簡明(ming)(ming)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)通史(shi)(shi)》)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)哲(zhe)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)任(ren)繼愈先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo):“通過(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)書(shu)(shu),我們(men)(men)(men)看(kan)到(dao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)許許多(duo)(duo)多(duo)(duo)英(ying)雄(xiong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)物,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發明(ming)(ming)創造(zao)……有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹上(shang)搭屋,這也(ye)很(hen)了(le)(le)不起(qi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)不用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)洞穴(xue)里(li)住了(le)(le),能夠住房了(le)(le),這可以避(bi)(bi)免(mian)潮濕,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)步(bu)。”(《有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)里(li)程碑意(yi)(yi)義(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)盛事》)離開洞穴(xue)、避(bi)(bi)讓(rang)禽(qin)(qin)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)而(er)(er)(er)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”,顯然是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)動(dong)物分(fen)野(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)初(chu)行(xing)為(wei),是(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)所(suo)(suo)揭開的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)會文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)頁。作為(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)”首(shou)創者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)疑是(shi)(shi)開啟全(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)(ming)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
◎《百家姓詳解》云:“巢(chao)(chao)(chao),堯為帝時(shi)(shi),有(you)大臣巢(chao)(chao)(chao)父常居于山(shan)中,以樹為巢(chao)(chao)(chao)……。禹帝時(shi)(shi)曾封有(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)氏之(zhi)后建(jian)立巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(今安(an)徽境內(nei))。在夏、商、周三代(dai)(dai),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)世代(dai)(dai)為諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo),春秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)期,前518年,吳國(guo)(guo)滅掉巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)后代(dai)(dai)公(gong)族便(bian)以原國(guo)(guo)名作(zuo)為姓氏。”
夏(xia)王朝時期,地(di)(di)(di)宜物豐的南(nan)(nan)巢(chao),吸引著其它氏(shi)族部落(如皋陶氏(shi)后(hou)裔偃(yan)姓部落)從(cong)東(dong)方、北方不(bu)斷徙(xi)入,有巢(chao)氏(shi)熱情友(you)誼地(di)(di)(di)歡(huan)迎(ying)外姓并(bing)讓出巢(chao)湖(hu)西方、西南(nan)(nan)方地(di)(di)(di)域(今六安(an)市(shi)六安(an)縣、舒(shu)城縣一帶)許以定居,便漸(jian)漸(jian)形成(cheng)了以巢(chao)國為中心的部落聯盟,在(zai)巢(chao)湖(hu)流域、江(jiang)淮之間廣袤大地(di)(di)(di)上生(sheng)活、居息和墾植,以地(di)(di)(di)理方位(wei)稱(cheng)其為“南(nan)(nan)巢(chao)氏(shi)”,簡(jian)稱(cheng)“南(nan)(nan)巢(chao)”。
成(cheng)湯(tang)戰(zhan)敗夏(xia)桀,夏(xia)桀逃往南巢,南巢以接納夏(xia)桀為條件(jian),與(yu)成(cheng)湯(tang)達成(cheng)協議,南巢與(yu)商王(wang)朝分疆而(er)治,和睦相處,幾百年間(jian)無戰(zhan)事。
巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)能成為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)以(yi)(yi)能成為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)孫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di),關鍵因素是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)具備原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理特(te)(te)(te)定條件。就(jiu)(jiu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)審視,其(qi)(qi)(qi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)濱(bin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江,懷抱巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)勢由北而南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)漸低(di),地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型復雜多樣,山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)、崗臺、圩畈(fan)三(san)者(zhe)(zhe)合理分(fen)布,其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)江、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)、泉并(bing)存(cun),以(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)見長(chang)(chang)(chang),河(he)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)域(yu)(yu)近(jin)1300平方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)公里。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)跨東經(jing)(jing)117°00′~118°29′、北緯30°56′~32°02′,氣(qi)溫適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),四季(ji)分(fen)明,資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐實(shi),得(de)(de)天獨厚,樹(shu)木(mu)、果(guo)木(mu)、谷物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、雜物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、魚蝦、禽(qin)獸,品種(zhong)繁多,尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)岡連原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野,山(shan)(shan)(shan)陵(ling)多洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue),適宜各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi),各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)命繁衍。也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo),這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)態上(shang)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)最為(wei)(wei)優厚而且(qie)(qie)最為(wei)(wei)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)條件,此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)。“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)“穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)”而言并(bing)由其(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)展而來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。值得(de)(de)我(wo)們(men)(men)關注與(yu)(yu)驚喜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi),考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)家(jia)從(cong)(cong)“和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”居(ju)住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)龍潭洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)里發(fa)(fa)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)25種(zhong)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第四紀(ji)動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu))。從(cong)(cong)骨骸化石鑒定分(fen)析,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”遺址(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)處(chu)(chu)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue),至少有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過(guo)豹、熊、虎(hu)、犀牛等24種(zhong)哺乳動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)出(chu)沒。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)資(zi)料(liao)明確地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)告訴我(wo)們(men)(men),我(wo)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)先(xian)確實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)野處(chu)(chu)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸蟲蛇(she)為(wei)(wei)“伴(ban)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。龍潭洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、銀山(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理位(wei)置和(he)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)環境(jing),及其(qi)(qi)(qi)考(kao)古(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)論(lun)(lun)證,可讓我(wo)們(men)(men)透過(guo)時(shi)(shi)空邃道而直觀(guan)幾(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)活場景和(he)探(tan)索他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動蹤跡,并(bing)讓我(wo)們(men)(men)得(de)(de)知,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)經(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)幾(ji)十(shi)萬(wan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苦難(nan)、思考(kao)才(cai)覺醒起(qi)(qi)來(lai),離開洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue),避讓禽(qin)獸,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獨立家(jia)園(yuan)。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)“避讓禽(qin)獸”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覺醒,產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)革“穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)意,提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)會環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳客觀(guan)依據,此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)二(er)。存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)決定意識。識者(zhe)(zhe)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)從(cong)(cong)改變(bian)(bian)“穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)”而走向“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)”,并(bing)實(shi)施“筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)建(jian)居(ju)”,還要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)環境(jing)必須提(ti)供(gong)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)這(zhe)(zhe)4方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質條件,而且(qie)(qie)似乎缺一(yi)則難(nan)以(yi)(yi)形成。①地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)阜陵(ling),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),先(xian)民(min)(min)(min)起(qi)(qi)初是(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)禽(qin)獸共同(tong)(tong)居(ju)住洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)(xue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),躲避風雨寒暑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。②資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)野,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多種(zhong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本食(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)源(yuan)(yuan)。③物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)產(chan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——多樹(shu)木(mu),且(qie)(qie)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)喬木(mu),利筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)需要(yao)大(da)(da)量樹(shu)木(mu)。④氣(qi)候(hou)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)——處(chu)(chu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),氣(qi)候(hou)宜,因為(wei)(wei)簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju),非南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)氣(qi)候(hou)溫潤則幼弱無法(fa)過(guo)冬。張習孔(kong)等歷(li)(li)(li)史學(xue)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)介紹有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)特(te)(te)(te)別強調,“在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)早(zao)期,特(te)(te)(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始居(ju)民(min)(min)(min),確實(shi)經(jing)(jing)歷(li)(li)(li)過(guo)一(yi)個時(shi)(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)’生(sheng)(sheng)活。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)史大(da)(da)事編(bian)年(nian)》)朱泓教授(shou)說(shuo)(shuo):“(巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)步性體質特(te)(te)(te)征與(yu)(yu)北京猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)猿(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)同(tong)(tong),故(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應歸屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)(yu)早(zao)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)范疇。”(《體質人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)學(xue)》)位(wei)處(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)東南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)(yu)及巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理和(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質環境(jing),給“早(zao)期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”即(ji)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智者(zhe)(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)由“穴(xue)(xue)居(ju)”到“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)革條件,此(ci)(ci)其(qi)(qi)(qi)三(san)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)族以(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勤于(yu)(yu)創(chuang)新、發(fa)(fa)明巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)、開創(chuang)文(wen)明、福澤萬(wan)世的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣祖(zu)(zu)而自(zi)豪(hao)。千百年(nian)來(lai),諸多姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)尋(xun)根探(tan)源(yuan)(yuan)論(lun)(lun)證他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)血緣后裔(yi),諸多地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)廣搜(sou)文(wen)獻求(qiu)(qiu)證他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)(men)那(nei)里是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)籍地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)望。然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)(jiu)歷(li)(li)(li)史資(zi)料(liao)和(he)研究(jiu)成果(guo)而言,最為(wei)(wei)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亦最為(wei)(wei)可信的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)。漢(han)代緯書《遁甲開山(shan)(shan)(shan)圖(tu)》記(ji)載(zai):“石樓山(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)瑯(lang)(lang)邪,昔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)治此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)。”(按:瑯(lang)(lang)邪,一(yi)作(zuo)瑯(lang)(lang)琊,山(shan)(shan)(shan)名(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)安徽(hui)省滁州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan),是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)代名(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan),漢(han)元封5年(nian)即(ji)公元前106年(nian),武帝(di)劉徹南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)巡(xun)還曾(ceng)(ceng)禮拜此(ci)(ci)山(shan)(shan)(shan)。需要(yao)指出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西省石樓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)東省諸城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)同(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)。)瑯(lang)(lang)琊山(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廣袤地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu),正是(shi)(shi)(shi)今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)轄區縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。明清時(shi)(shi)期巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)認(ren)(ren)定巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及其(qi)(qi)(qi)后裔(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父是(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),并(bing)認(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)亦源(yuan)(yuan)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)認(ren)(ren)知見諸縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)。(康熙《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》、雍正《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)》)現代文(wen)史學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)亦有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同(tong)(tong)識,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祖(zu)(zu)先(xian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)(ceng)經(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)活過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)”。(龔衛國(guo)《民(min)(min)(min)間傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)系列·巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)》)“據古(gu)(gu)(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)帶就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)筑(zhu)(zhu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、居(ju)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)鄉。那(nei)么現今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)(min)(min)族最早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。”(葉尚志(zhi)(zhi)《漫(man)說(shuo)(shuo)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)三(san)上(shang)將》)專欄作(zuo)家(jia)瀟(xiao)水(shui)(shui)對(dui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)創(chuang)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)”作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)較為(wei)(wei)深(shen)細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)析和(he)研究(jiu),并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)其(qi)(qi)(qi)著作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)給與(yu)(yu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)形象描(miao)述(shu)和(he)評說(shuo)(shuo):“七八(ba)千年(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江兩岸,房子(zi)也(ye)星星火(huo)火(huo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)點綴起(qi)(qi)來(lai)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。就(jiu)(jiu)像北方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)挖地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)穴(xue)(xue)一(yi)樣,南(nan)(nan)(nan)(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)搭鳥巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。……棲息(xi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)木(mu)樁(zhuang)上(shang)躲避禽(qin)獸,也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)‘有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)。安徽(hui)省有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian),據說(shuo)(shuo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老家(jia)。”(《青銅時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)戰爭》)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),如(ru)臺灣學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)詹招(zhao)琳先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)說(shuo)(shuo):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、混(hun)沌氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)伏羲時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩個帝(di)王。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)都舞陽,后遷(qian)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)……。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)源(yuan)(yuan)共祖(zu)(zu)統一(yi)輩序(昭穆)表·有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)考(kao)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)皇五(wu)帝(di)時(shi)(shi)期》)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)者(zhe)(zhe)湯錦程稱(cheng):“最早(zao)進(jin)入安徽(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)家(jia)族……巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)國(guo)五(wu)大(da)(da)淡水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi),為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)必備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條件,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)成為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)首選之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。”(《安徽(hui)湯氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)源(yuan)(yuan)流考(kao)》)雖(sui)說(shuo)(shuo)遷(qian)居(ju),但并(bing)不(bu)否(fou)定巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“首創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)。綜(zong)上(shang)所(suo)述(shu),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)明史頁,同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)開辟了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)社(she)會的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)(li)史紀(ji)元。也(ye)就(jiu)(jiu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)文(wen)明時(shi)(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)曙光(guang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)從(cong)(cong)今巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)(yu)升射天穹,再八(ba)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)輻(fu)射而普照天下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。
◎《尚書·仲虺(hui)之誥》記:“成(cheng)湯放桀于(yu)南巢(chao)。”
◎《呂(lv)氏春秋(qiu)》記(ji):“湯伐桀(jie),戰于成,登自鳴條,乃入巢(chao)門。”
◎《國語》韋昭(zhao)注稱:“南巢,揚州(zhou)地,巢伯(bo)之國,今廬江居巢是(shi)也(ye)。”
◎《淮(huai)南子》記:湯(tang)“整(zheng)兵鳴條(tiao),困夏南巢,譙(qiao)以其過(guo),放之(zhi)歷山。”
◎《淮(huai)南子》高誘(you)注稱,“南巢(chao)”為“今(jin)廬江居巢(chao)”,釋(shi)“歷(li)山”曰“蓋歷(li)陽(yang)之山”。南巢(chao)、巢(chao)門,皆稱古巢(chao)國地(di)域(yu),歷(li)山在今(jin)巢(chao)湖(hu)市(shi)和縣,系屬古巢(chao)國之境。
◎《荊州箴(zhen)》云:“南(nan)巢茫茫,多(duo)楚(chu)與荊,風(feng)飄以(yi)悍(han),氣(qi)銳以(yi)剛……。”
◎郭沫(mo)若主編《中國(guo)史稿地圖集(ji)》之夏代(dai)地圖將“南巢(chao)”標點于今(jin)巢(chao)城城址。
◎《巢湖市志》記:“夏(xia)代,以地處宗主國夏(xia)王(wang)朝的南疆,故又(you)稱‘南巢’。”
周代(dai)商而立(li),則多次遣(qian)師征討(tao)并(bing)戰勝了(le)巢(chao)國,視巢(chao)國地(di)大勢強不便控制,遂將其地(di)析分為巢(chao)、廬(廬,房(fang)屋,與巢(chao)同(tong)義)二(er)國,因賜爵位不同(tong),而分別被稱為“巢(chao)伯(bo)國”、“廬子(zi)國”,廬國新都(dou)于今合肥城城區,巢(chao)國仍都(dou)于今巢(chao)城城區。
史入(ru)春(chun)秋,巢國(guo)(guo)(guo)疆域先后遭(zao)遇“群舒(shu)”(舒(shu)、舒(shu)庸、舒(shu)蓼、舒(shu)鳩、舒(shu)龍,在(zai)今舒(shu)城、廬江一帶(dai))、橐皋(gao)(今巢湖市柘皋(gao)鎮及(ji)肥東(dong)縣東(dong)部一帶(dai))等眾小國(guo)(guo)(guo)的侵(qin)略和(he)蠶食。楚(chu)、吳(wu)(wu)(wu)相繼強(qiang)盛,使(shi)得位處“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)頭楚(chu)尾(wei)”的巢國(guo)(guo)(guo),長期成為(wei)楚(chu)、吳(wu)(wu)(wu)二強(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)掠奪對(dui)象和(he)交兵(bing)戰場,時(shi)為(wei)楚(chu)屬,時(shi)為(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)屬。歷來注(zhu)重經濟建(jian)設,睦鄰友朋而(er)忽略軍(jun)事的巢國(guo)(guo)(guo),便在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)軍(jun)國(guo)(guo)(guo)主義(yi)橫(heng)行、列強(qiang)稱霸的惡劣環境(jing)中漸(jian)次衰微(wei),直到(dao)被吳(wu)(wu)(wu)(前(qian)518年)滅亡(wang)。
“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)稱(cheng)號(hao)(hao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)贈予首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣祖(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)號(hao)(hao),隨(sui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)他用(yong)世(shi)著(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao)。誠(cheng)如(ru)魯迅所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)解:“至(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)上(shang)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)實狀,則荒漠不可(ke)考,君長(chang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),且(qie)難審知(zhi),世(shi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)天皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、地(di)(di)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三皇(huang)(huang)(huang)者,列三才開始(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)序,繼以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、伏(fu)羲、神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)者,明人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)化之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)程,殆皆后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)命,非(fei)真(zhen)號(hao)(hao)矣!”(《漢(han)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)學(xue)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)綱(gang)要(yao)(yao)·自(zi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字(zi)至(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章》)圣祖(zu)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”功德顯著(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)高尚,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)稱(cheng)號(hao)(hao)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)他所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)在(zai)“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)共同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao),成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群(qun)(qun)”所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)那(nei)(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞。歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)徐旭生(sheng)(sheng)對(dui)此(ci)作(zuo)過研究,“就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)能(neng)得(de)(de)(de)到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料去研討,我(wo)們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)推(tui)斷(duan)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)與(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)類,是(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想(xiang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)從(cong)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段而(er)(er)(er)(er)想(xiang)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)示(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詞。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)》)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)學(xue)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)師(shi)錢穆從(cong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化演進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)視角(jiao)分(fen)(fen)析得(de)(de)(de)很有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)道理(li):“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)說,極富(fu)理(li)性,切近事(shi)(shi)實,與(yu)(yu)并(bing)(bing)世(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)追述古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)充滿神(shen)(shen)話(hua)氣味者大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)不相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。如(ru)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)熟食時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),庖犧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)畜牧(mu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)耕稼時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。此(ci)等名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)號(hao)(hao),本非(fei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)本有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),乃(nai)屬后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)想(xiang)象(xiang)稱(cheng)述,乃(nai)與(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化演進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)階(jie)段,先(xian)后(hou)(hou)符合(he)。此(ci)見(jian)我(wo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)民(min),早(zao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)演進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)清(qing)明之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觀點與(yu)(yu)合(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)想(xiang)法。”(《近人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)懷疑》)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)許立(li)群(qun)(qun)在(zai)1942年(nian)(nian)(nian)描(miao)述過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)遠(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)狀況,“曾(ceng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)過有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏(fu)羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、女媧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等事(shi)(shi)跡,首(shou)(shou)(shou)先(xian)說到(dao)(dao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)……。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)話(hua)》)范(fan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)瀾(lan)著(zhu)(zhu)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)通(tong)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》將“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”明確劃分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)。吳(wu)(wu)(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)楨(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)論及(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致,“在(zai)對(dui)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)那(nei)(nei)些名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字(zi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)(yi)番認真(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核(he)查以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou),我(wo)們發(fa)(fa)現剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)四(si)(si)個(ge)(ge)(ge)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)字(zi)值得(de)(de)(de)我(wo)們稍加注(zhu)意(yi)。那(nei)(nei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),二(er)燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),三庖犧或伏(fu)羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),四(si)(si)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”(《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)統》)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)們遂將“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)“無限制”地(di)(di)往(wang)前(qian)(qian)推(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“傳(chuan)(chuan)說時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)始(shi)端——地(di)(di)質時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)跨越“更(geng)新(xin)世(shi)”早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“舊(jiu)石器”早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),甚至(zhi)包括(kuo)170萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元謀(mou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,而(er)(er)(er)(er)后(hou)(hou)經歷(li)(li)(li)(li)藍(lan)田(tian)(tian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化、和(he)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化……直(zhi)至(zhi)5萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)丁村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化,嗣后(hou)(hou)才進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)“燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。(歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)張(zhang)習孔、田(tian)(tian)玨主(zhu)編(bian)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)事(shi)(shi)編(bian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)》)首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不可(ke)能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)170萬(wan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)三墳》等文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻載(zai)稱(cheng)燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子,也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)說有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即可(ke)能(neng)生(sheng)(sheng)活于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)舊(jiu)石器中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),約(yue)(yue)與(yu)(yu)“丁村(cun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”“柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)或前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)。燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兒子尚待(dai)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步考證,但“血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣(yuan)群(qun)(qun)婚(hun)”社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或許有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)(qun)子孫,且(qie)將自(zi)然地(di)(di)繁(fan)衍而(er)(er)(er)(er)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)強(qiang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)再漸(jian)(jian)次蘗生(sheng)(sheng)許多(duo)支(zhi)系(xi)。馬(ma)克思(si)指(zhi)出(chu):“血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)組織形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)”。(《摩爾根〈古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)〉一(yi)(yi)(yi)書摘要(yao)(yao)》)血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣(yuan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現,是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類從(cong)“原(yuan)(yuan)始(shi)群(qun)(qun)”轉變到(dao)(dao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(血(xue)(xue)(xue)緣(yuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)公社(she))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)標(biao)志(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。生(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)(xi)并(bing)(bing)漁(yu)、牧(mu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)四(si)(si)周(zhou),或水澤之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)旁(pang),或原(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),或山(shan)(shan)林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)子孫代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)繁(fan)衍,必(bi)將在(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)(yi)(yi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)核(he)心氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)樞(shu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)支(zhi)系(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)群(qun)(qun)體(ti)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)與(yu)(yu)早(zao)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)相比,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先(xian)民(min)最(zui)(zui)殊異(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)又最(zui)(zui)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)最(zui)(zui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)活特征就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)”,即使那(nei)(nei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”簡陋得(de)(de)(de)只有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)竹(zhu)木構架、茅草結蓬,但這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”絕對(dui)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)“家(jia)(jia)(jia)”,一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)賴以(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)、安(an)(an)(an)居(ju)(ju)(ju)和(he)繁(fan)衍子孫的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“家(jia)(jia)(jia)”。巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)這(zhe)(zhe)地(di)(di)方不僅首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju),而(er)(er)(er)(er)且(qie)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)方式(shi)(shi)推(tui)行(xing)最(zui)(zui)廣(guang)、最(zui)(zui)快(kuai),由(you)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)樹上(shang),到(dao)(dao)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)面,由(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)孤立(li),到(dao)(dao)數(shu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)聚集(ji)(ji),直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)群(qun)(qun)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)連(lian)片,形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)總(zong)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)即“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)無疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)群(qun)(qun)”,其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)規模有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料無考。《論語·公冶長(chang)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“十室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)邑(yi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說,“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”居(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)自(zi)然不會(hui)(hui)(hui)少于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)10室(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)數(shu),完(wan)全(quan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)理(li)直(zhi)氣壯地(di)(di)稱(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“邑(yi)”——巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)邑(yi)。考古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)學(xue)家(jia)(jia)(jia)在(zai)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)域(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心區(qu)(qu)(qu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)——今(jin)(jin)含山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)凌(ling)家(jia)(jia)(jia)灘所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)發(fa)(fa)現5300年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)村(cun)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)邑(yi)),無疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心聚集(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)即部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)(ju)住地(di)(di)。關于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)衍與(yu)(yu)續延(yan),史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)書多(duo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),說法略見(jian)差異(yi)。《通(tong)志(zhi)·三皇(huang)(huang)(huang)紀(ji)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)》稱(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)余代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),民(min)知(zhi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju),未(wei)(wei)知(zhi)熟食”。《佛祖(zu)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)通(tong)載(zai)》稱(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),百(bai)(bai)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),不記(ji)(ji)(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。”《三皇(huang)(huang)(huang)五氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)》稱(cheng):“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)余代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)”。《太平御(yu)覽》“皇(huang)(huang)(huang)王部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)三·有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”條(tiao)(tiao)下(xia)引《遁甲開山(shan)(shan)圖(tu)》注(zhu):“王天下(xia)百(bai)(bai)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)余代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),未(wei)(wei)詳(xiang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)也。”《博物志(zhi)》記(ji)(ji)(ji)述得(de)(de)(de)更(geng)加詳(xiang)細:“昔有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)亂(luan)臣而(er)(er)(er)(er)貴,任之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),假之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)權,專國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)斷(duan),已而(er)(er)(er)(er)奪(duo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。臣怒而(er)(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)變,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)亡。”值得(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《春(chun)秋(qiu)緯命歷(li)(li)(li)(li)序》其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)八《因提(ti)紀(ji)》、其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)九(jiu)《禪通(tong)紀(ji)》兩(liang)紀(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)見(jian)記(ji)(ji)(ji)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,事(shi)(shi)功不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),并(bing)(bing)見(jian)“傳(chuan)(chuan)二(er)世(shi)”與(yu)(yu)“傳(chuan)(chuan)七世(shi)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)差。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)樣,《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)·盤古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)王表(biao)(biao)(biao)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)四(si)(si)《重(zhong)(zhong)鑄煙(yan)火時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約(yue)(yue)前(qian)(qian)5770~4070年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第6氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共2代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai));其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)七《躍起中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)》(約(yue)(yue)前(qian)(qian)3150~2230年(nian)(nian)(nian))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)第4氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”(共7代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai))。清(qing)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)學(xue)者梁履(lv)繩考說“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)后(hou)(hou)、燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)前(qian)(qian),亦謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)‘大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)’,治石樓(lou)山(shan)(shan),在(zai)位(wei)(wei)(wei)三百(bai)(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)……一(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)昊(hao)英之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou),《六(liu)(liu)韜(tao)》、《世(shi)紀(ji)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)敘者是(shi)(shi)(shi)也。”其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兄梁玉繩認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei),“后(hou)(hou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)必(bi)上(shang)世(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裔,遷徙異(yi)處(chu),降居(ju)(ju)(ju)諸(zhu)侯,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)太吳(wu)(wu)(wu)臣,似不得(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二(er)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)末代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)任亂(luan)臣擅(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)亡。”(《〈史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)記(ji)(ji)(ji)〉〈漢(han)書〉諸(zhu)表(biao)(biao)(biao)訂補十種》)漫(man)長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遠(yuan)(yuan)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)自(zi)各(ge)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)業績(ji)和(he)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)身份,也就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)往(wang)往(wang)留(liu)下(xia)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)而(er)(er)(er)(er)不同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)(shi)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)說。后(hou)(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)區(qu)(qu)(qu)別(bie),或稱(cheng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)創(chuang)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圣祖(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”,或稱(cheng)后(hou)(hou)嗣有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皇(huang)(huang)(huang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”。在(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)經燧(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、伏(fu)羲氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(女媧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi))之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)(nong)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、軒轅氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)堯、舜時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)漸(jian)(jian)次屈低,興盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯盟(meng)(meng)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)被(bei)(bei)尊(zun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“九(jiu)州長(chang)”,而(er)(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)首(shou)(shou)(shou)領(ling)則被(bei)(bei)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)父”,并(bing)(bing)臣于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)先(xian)民(min)們茹(ru)毛(mao)飲血(xue)(xue)(xue),一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)接一(yi)(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)艱苦奮斗,最(zui)(zui)早(zao)開發(fa)(fa)治理(li)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu),漁(yu)、牧(mu)、農(nong)(nong)、商(shang)諸(zhu)業。這(zhe)(zhe)里地(di)(di)沃物豐(feng),吸(xi)引著(zhu)(zhu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(如(ru)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃姓部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo))從(cong)東方、北(bei)(bei)(bei)方不斷(duan)徙入(ru)(ru),作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)土著(zhu)(zhu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)熱(re)情地(di)(di)迎納(na)外族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)并(bing)(bing)讓出(chu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)西(xi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)西(xi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)廣(guang)闊地(di)(di)域(yu)(今(jin)(jin)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、舒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai))許以(yi)(yi)(yi)定居(ju)(ju)(ju),于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)便(bian)漸(jian)(jian)漸(jian)(jian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)聯盟(meng)(meng)。其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)疆域(yu)廣(guang)袤(mao),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)約(yue)(yue)包括(kuo)今(jin)(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(1區(qu)(qu)(qu)4縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、合(he)肥(fei)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)3縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)六(liu)(liu)安(an)(an)(an)、壽(shou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、舒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、霍山(shan)(shan)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))和(he)安(an)(an)(an)慶(qing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)(桐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、樅陽等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi)(市(shi)(shi)(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、全(quan)椒、來(lai)安(an)(an)(an)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))南(nan)(nan)(nan)京(jing)市(shi)(shi)(shi)江北(bei)(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方圓(yuan)幾千(qian)(qian)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)野(ye)、水澤、山(shan)(shan)林。夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹(yu)(yu)入(ru)(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)治水期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)間(jian),有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)盟(meng)(meng)友(you)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與(yu)(yu)華(hua)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)結成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)聯盟(meng)(meng),皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)女偃攸嫁給夏(xia)(xia)(xia)禹(yu)(yu),并(bing)(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)下(xia)啟,這(zhe)(zhe)使有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)盟(meng)(meng)友(you)皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)(di)位(wei)(wei)(wei)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)提(ti)升,遂先(xian)后(hou)(hou)建(jian)立(li)起各(ge)自(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),皋陶(tao)(tao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)偃姓部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涂山(shan)(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)懷遠(yuan)(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)境,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)建(jian)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(簡稱(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”)則仍舊(jiu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)今(jin)(jin)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(郭(guo)沫若主(zhu)編(bian)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)稿地(di)(di)圖(tu)集(ji)(ji)》)。誠(cheng)如(ru)《安(an)(an)(an)徽省志(zhi)·建(jian)置(zhi)沿革志(zhi)》所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)解,“古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)源于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)建(jian)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。”《百(bai)(bai)家(jia)(jia)(jia)姓詳(xiang)解》云:“禹(yu)(yu)帝時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)封有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)建(jian)立(li)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(今(jin)(jin)安(an)(an)(an)徽境內(nei)(nei))。在(zai)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、商(shang)、周(zhou)三代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),春(chun)秋(qiu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),楚國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)滅掉巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)公族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)便(bian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)原(yuan)(yuan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。”夏(xia)(xia)(xia)朝建(jian)立(li)后(hou)(hou),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)從(cong)屬,但因夏(xia)(xia)(xia)、巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)先(xian)輩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊關系(xi),故在(zai)政治經濟上(shang)都(dou)獲(huo)(huo)得(de)(de)(de)超出(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般小國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)優惠而(er)(er)(er)(er)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相對(dui)獨立(li)性,賜(si)(si)伯(bo)(bo)爵而(er)(er)(er)(er)稱(cheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主(zhu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯(bo)(bo)”。因位(wei)(wei)(wei)處(chu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)方而(er)(er)(er)(er)被(bei)(bei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)”“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,簡稱(cheng)“南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。“夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)地(di)(di)處(chu)宗主(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)南(nan)(nan)(nan)疆,故又稱(cheng)‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’。”(《巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)市(shi)(shi)(shi)志(zhi)》)“‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),實則來(lai)源于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)。‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’最(zui)(zui)初(chu)(chu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)。《古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)本竹(zhu)書紀(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)》云:‘夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)逃(tao)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。’這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)居(ju)(ju)(ju)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)安(an)(an)(an)徽巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)北(bei)(bei)(bei)岸,以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)卑(bei)濕湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)特色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)盟(meng)(meng)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)。……其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)統治地(di)(di)域(yu)初(chu)(chu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)、江北(bei)(bei)(bei)及(ji)(ji)(ji)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。因巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)域(yu)廣(guang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da),‘南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’一(yi)(yi)(yi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)由(you)最(zui)(zui)初(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu),擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)而(er)(er)(er)(er)指(zhi)荊楚江淮(huai)。”(譚(tan)繼和(he)《論古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)巴蜀(shu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)居(ju)(ju)(ju)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化淵源及(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展》)值得(de)(de)(de)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)被(bei)(bei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)戰(zhan)敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)而(er)(er)(er)(er)直(zhi)奔南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)尋(xun)求救(jiu)護(hu)與(yu)(yu)避難。“湯(tang)(tang)伐桀(jie),戰(zhan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),登自(zi)鳴條(tiao)(tiao),乃(nai)入(ru)(ru)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)門(men)。”(《呂氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)》)“成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)放(fang)桀(jie)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)。”(《尚書·仲(zhong)虺之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誥》)“(湯(tang)(tang))整兵鳴條(tiao)(tiao),困夏(xia)(xia)(xia)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao),譙以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)過,放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歷(li)(li)(li)(li)山(shan)(shan)。”(《淮(huai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)子》)南(nan)(nan)(nan)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)果然保(bao)護(hu)、接納(na)并(bing)(bing)安(an)(an)(an)置(zhi)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)桀(jie)且(qie)與(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)湯(tang)(tang)協議,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)雖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)附(fu)屬,然分(fen)(fen)疆而(er)(er)(er)(er)治,和(he)平共處(chu)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)商(shang)500年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),商(shang)王朝除武丁曾(ceng)對(dui)虎(hu)方(今(jin)(jin)壽(shou)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長(chang)豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai))用(yong)兵外,江淮(huai)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)幾無戰(zhan)事(shi)(shi),各(ge)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)持(chi)續穩定地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)存(cun)發(fa)(fa)展著(zhu)(zhu)。(《安(an)(an)(an)徽省志(zhi)·建(jian)置(zhi)沿革志(zhi)》)周(zhou)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)商(shang)而(er)(er)(er)(er)立(li)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),九(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)千(qian)(qian)余個(ge)(ge)(ge)方國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)均先(xian)后(hou)(hou)歸順過去。抑或由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(及(ji)(ji)(ji)六(liu)(liu)、英諸(zhu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))世(shi)代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)素與(yu)(yu)商(shang)友(you)睦,周(zhou)王朝介意(yi)而(er)(er)(er)(er)多(duo)次遣(qian)師(shi)征討。“周(zhou)原(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)土甲骨有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)‘征巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)’記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai),《西(xi)清(qing)古(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)鑒》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)件青銅器記(ji)(ji)(ji)載(zai)周(zhou)對(dui)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)兵。”(《安(an)(an)(an)徽大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)辭典》)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)臣服,然周(zhou)武王姬(ji)發(fa)(fa)視巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)勢強(qiang),遂將其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)(di)域(yu)析分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)、廬二(er)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)資深,繼賜(si)(si)伯(bo)(bo)爵,稱(cheng)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)伯(bo)(bo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”,廬國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)賜(si)(si)子爵,稱(cheng)“廬子國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”。春(chun)秋(qiu)前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)始(shi)終是(shi)(shi)(shi)巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi),一(yi)(yi)(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)《左傳(chuan)(chuan)》,15次見(jian)“巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)”。由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)地(di)(di)肥(fei)物豐(feng),位(wei)(wei)(wei)處(chu)“吳(wu)(wu)(wu)頭楚尾”,故長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚、吳(wu)(wu)(wu)掠奪(duo)對(dui)象(xiang)和(he)交兵戰(zhan)場,巢(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)(chao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)漸(jian)(jian)次衰微,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)楚屬,時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)屬,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)前(qian)(qian)518年(nian)(nian)(nian),被(bei)(bei)吳(wu)(wu)(wu)滅亡。
記載
◎《中華大字典》稱:“巢:國名。《書序》:巢伯來朝。”
◎《巢(chao)湖市志》記:“西周加封這(zhe)個夏、商的遺(yi)留方國(guo)為伯(bo)爵。巢(chao)伯(bo)在(zai)周武王時進京朝覲,芮伯(bo)還為此作了一篇《旅(lv)巢(chao)命》。西周銅器《班簋》銘(ming)文中有‘秉、繁、蜀、巢(chao)’4個國(guo)名,其中的‘巢(chao)’字(zi)就是(shi)巢(chao)伯(bo)國(guo)。”
◎公元前615年(nian)(nian),楚國(guo)(guo)伐巢國(guo)(guo),《春(chun)秋(qiu)·文公十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)》云:“夏,楚人圍巢。”杜(du)預注:“巢,吳楚間小(xiao)國(guo)(guo)。廬江六縣東(dong)有(you)居巢城。”
◎前584年(nian),《左傳》云(yun):“吳始伐楚伐巢”。
◎前518年,吳國(guo)滅巢國(guo),《左(zuo)傳·昭公(gong)二十四(si)年》云(yun):“吳人踵楚,而邊(bian)人不備,遂滅巢及鐘(zhong)離而還。”
按:今巢(chao)湖市域(yu)為古(gu)(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)之地,本為有(you)(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)生息地和(he)有(you)(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)氏(shi)族部落所轄地。因此(ci),這(zhe)里(li)有(you)(you)關(guan)地域(yu)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)、山水名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)和(he)政區(qu)(qu)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)都往(wang)往(wang)取用“巢(chao)”字(zi)。誠(cheng)如《安徽省志·建(jian)置(zhi)沿革志》所說(shuo):“除(chu)僑置(zhi)外,凡帶‘巢(chao)’字(zi)的(de)(de)政區(qu)(qu)命(ming)名(ming)都與古(gu)(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)有(you)(you)關(guan)。因此(ci),可以說(shuo),巢(chao)湖及帶‘巢(chao)’字(zi)的(de)(de)政區(qu)(qu)名(ming)稱(cheng)(cheng)均源(yuan)于古(gu)(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)。古(gu)(gu)巢(chao)國(guo)源(yuan)于有(you)(you)巢(chao)氏(shi)所建(jian)方國(guo)。”