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《投(tou)筆(bi)記》，最早是明朝著錄的傳(chuan)奇劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)，作者尚(shang)不明確。從其(qi)他文獻看來，明朝昆劇(ju)(ju)也有同(tong)名劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)。另外湖(hu)南省戲曲工作室也有同(tong)名湘劇(ju)(ju)高腔(qiang)劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)。劇(ju)(ju)本(ben)(ben)情(qing)節都是描寫(xie)東漢班固投(tou)筆(bi)從戎(rong)的故(gu)事。

傳(chuan)奇(qi)劇(ju)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，明(ming)(ming)祁彪佳(jia)(jia)《遠山(shan)堂(tang)(tang)曲品(pin)》著錄為(wei)(wei)(wei)華山(shan)居士作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，清無名氏(shi)《古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)傳(chuan)奇(qi)總(zong)目》著錄為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)人(ren)丘(qiu)濬作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，恐非。現存明(ming)(ming)萬歷三(san)十八年(nian)三(san)槐堂(tang)(tang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，題《新(xin)鐫徽版音釋評林全像班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超投(tou)筆(bi)記》，以(yi)及明(ming)(ming)萬歷存誠堂(tang)(tang)本(ben)(ben)(ben)，題《新(xin)刻魏(wei)仲雪(xue)先生批評投(tou)筆(bi)記》，三(san)十八出(chu)，《古(gu)(gu)(gu)本(ben)(ben)(ben)戲曲叢刊》初(chu)集(ji)據(ju)之(zhi)(zhi)影印。劇(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)取材于(yu)《后(hou)漢書(shu)》的《班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超傳(chuan)》和《班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)昭傳(chuan)》，劇(ju)譜東漢班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超文武全才，在任尚(shang)幕(mu)下(xia)(xia)任職，受(shou)任府家(jia)院(yuan)侮辱，憤而投(tou)筆(bi)從戎。時竇(dou)固元帥欲通西域(yu)、伐匈奴，招募(mu)天下(xia)(xia)豪杰；班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)投(tou)竇(dou)，竇(dou)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)可以(yi)“仗絕域(yu)立邊功(gong)，清海寧靖羌戎”，任班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)司馬，出(chu)使(shi)西域(yu)至鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)國(guo)。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)在鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)國(guo)備(bei)受(shou)厚待，漢使(shi)李邑嫉(ji)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)才，誣(wu)陷之(zhi)(zhi)；漢武帝受(shou)騙抄班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)家(jia)，逮班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)母、班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)妻下(xia)(xia)獄。后(hou)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超破北(bei)匈奴軍(jun)，斬(zhan)北(bei)匈奴王(wang)首級獻鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)國(guo)王(wang)，鄯(shan)(shan)(shan)善(shan)國(guo)王(wang)因之(zhi)(zhi)臣服于(yu)漢。班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)派(pai)人(ren)帶書(shu)信回漢，被誣(wu)陷一(yi)事(shi)真相(xiang)大白(bai)，封為(wei)(wei)(wei)定(ding)遠侯，班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)師(shi)回朝，合家(jia)團圓。劇(ju)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)寫班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)超投(tou)筆(bi)從戎，立大功(gong)于(yu)異(yi)域(yu)的同時，也寫了(le)班(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)妻鄧二娘(niang)在家(jia)歷盡艱(jian)辛力行孝道的事(shi)跡。明(ming)(ming)呂天成(cheng)《曲品(pin)》評此劇(ju)說(shuo)：“詞平常(chang)，音不葉，俱以(yi)事(shi)佳(jia)(jia)而傳(chuan)耳”。但(dan)祁彪佳(jia)(jia)《遠山(shan)堂(tang)(tang)曲品(pin)》評云：“詞雖平實，局亦正(zheng)大。投(tou)筆(bi)出(chu)關處，想見古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)慷慨之(zhi)(zhi)概。‘無語依南樓’一(yi)曲，歌者盛習之(zhi)(zhi)。”