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永靖縣吧咪山景區怎么樣

吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)位于(yu)甘肅省(sheng)中部(bu)，地(di)處臨夏回族(zu)自治(zhi)州所(suo)屬(shu)永靖、東(dong)鄉族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)和定西(xi)地(di)區所(suo)屬(shu)臨洮(tao)縣(xian)交界處，主(zhu)峰在(zai)今永靖縣(xian)三(san)(san)條(tiao)峴(xian)(xian)鄉塔什堡(bao)境內。洮(tao)河由唐汪(wang)川入茅(mao)隴峽，繞(rao)吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)南麓西(xi)行，在(zai)茅(mao)隴峽口的鸚(ying)鴿嘴匯入黃河，入劉家(jia)峽水(shui)(shui)庫。吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)與(yu)洮(tao)河形成(cheng)山(shan)(shan)環水(shui)(shui)繞(rao)之(zhi)勢。吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)正處于(yu)兩河匯流、雙(shuang)峽交峙的三(san)(san)角地(di)帶。吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)區域南瀕(bin)洮(tao)河與(yu)東(dong)鄉族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)唐汪(wang)、董嶺鄉隔水(shui)(shui)相望；北至(zhi)前(qian)霧宿山(shan)(shan)柳木(mu)夾峴(xian)(xian)(海拔2500米(mi))為(wei)界與(yu)本(ben)縣(xian)陳(chen)井(jing)鎮張家(jia)溝村、年家(jia)灣村、陳(chen)井(jing)村為(wei)鄰(lin)(lin)；東(dong)至(zhi)格(ge)水(shui)(shui)嶺(又名官水(shui)(shui)嶺)、八面臺與(yu)徐(xu)頂鄉久長溝村和臨洮(tao)縣(xian)紅(hong)旗鄉扎馬圈(quan)村接壤；西(xi)依荀子(zi)(zi)溝嶺、深(shen)峴(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)、大峴(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)與(yu)劉家(jia)峽鎮紅(hong)柳村和三(san)(san)條(tiao)峴(xian)(xian)鄉紅(hong)峴(xian)(xian)子(zi)(zi)村、三(san)(san)條(tiao)峴(xian)(xian)村相毗(pi)鄰(lin)(lin)。區域南北長約(yue)14公(gong)里(li)，東(dong)西(xi)寬約(yue)11公(gong)里(li)，總(zong)土地(di)面積為(wei)84.36平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)。另外(wai)，加上吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)延余脈(mo)臨洮(tao)縣(xian)境地(di)約(yue)2平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)，構成(cheng)較為(wei)完整的吧(ba)咪(mi)山(shan)(shan)景區全貌，總(zong)面積86.36平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)。

景點景觀

吧咪山(shan)內有金花(hua)菩薩大殿,前殿、水晶(jing)宮、山(shan)神廟(miao)、土地廟(miao)、百子宮、龍(long)王宮、灶(zao)王殿、鐘樓、鼓樓等古(gu)典建筑群(qun),亭(ting)臺樓閣,金碧(bi)輝煌(huang)。吧咪山(shan)山(shan)巒起伏,奇峰競秀,怪石嶂峋,峭巖絕壁,似物象(xiang)形者枚不勝數，還(huan)有洶涌澎湃的洮河(he)水一瀉千里(li)，形成了獨特的自然景觀。

地理環境

地理位置

吧咪(mi)山(shan)位于(yu)甘肅省中部，地(di)處臨夏回族自治州(zhou)所(suo)屬永靖(jing)(jing)、東鄉族自治縣(xian)(xian)和定西地(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)所(suo)屬臨洮縣(xian)(xian)交界處，主(zhu)峰在今永靖(jing)(jing)縣(xian)(xian)三條峴(xian)鄉塔什(shen)堡境內(nei)。另外(wai)，加上吧咪(mi)山(shan)東延余脈臨洮縣(xian)(xian)境地(di)約(yue)2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，構成較為完整的吧咪(mi)山(shan)景區(qu)(qu)(qu)全貌(mao)，總(zong)面積(ji)86.36平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。地(di)理坐標介(jie)于(yu)東經(jing)103°25′～103°30 ′，北緯(wei)35°53 ′～36°01′之間，主(zhu)峰海拔2660.4米。吧咪(mi)山(shan)主(zhu)峰西距永靖(jing)(jing)縣(xian)(xian)城劉(liu)家(jia)峽鎮12公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，至臨夏州(zhou)府91公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)；赴省會(hui)蘭州(zhou)有兩條道(dao)路(lu)：一條經(jing)縣(xian)(xian)城達蘭州(zhou)85公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)，另一條由(you)沿東北林區(qu)(qu)(qu)三級道(dao)路(lu)接309、213線國道(dao)達蘭州(zhou)45公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。

地質地貌

吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)由古(gu)老的(de)(de)前(qian)震旦系(xi)變質(zhi)巖和(he)(he)(he)早古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)侵入的(de)(de)加(jia)里東期(qi)花崗巖所組成(cheng)。前(qian)者分(fen)(fen)(fen)布在洮河口茅(mao)隴峽兩岸，并延伸到(dao)(dao)劉(liu)家峽及其(qi)水庫大(da)壩(ba)一帶；后(hou)者分(fen)(fen)(fen)布在青和(he)(he)(he)下(xia)溝口——吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂——房子溝一帶，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)主體。由于祁連(lian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)長期(qi)處于隆(long)起狀態，歷經古(gu)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)風(feng)化剝(bo)蝕；中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)后(hou)，又受(shou)到(dao)(dao)燕山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)質(zhi)運動的(de)(de)影響(xiang)，吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)及其(qi)周圍廣大(da)地(di)(di)區(qu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)斷陷盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)，在盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)內(nei)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)巨厚的(de)(de)中(zhong)新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)內(nei)陸紅色湖盆(pen)(pen)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)。吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)之北麓的(de)(de)青和(he)(he)(he)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)中(zhong)所沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)的(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)白堊系(xi)紫(zi)紅色地(di)(di)層(ceng)，西(xi)邊的(de)(de)紅峴(xian)子及黃河兩岸沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)的(de)(de)是(shi)新(xin)第(di)(di)三系(xi)橘紅色地(di)(di)層(ceng)。由于當時氣候炎(yan)熱干燥，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)區(qu)域內(nei)嚴重干旱缺水。進入新(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)代(dai)后(hou)，到(dao)(dao)上新(xin)世隴山(shan)(shan)(shan)運動強烈上升，同時伴(ban)生(sheng)(sheng)汾河期(qi)侵蝕，使盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)均遭到(dao)(dao)切割，區(qu)域地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)貌(mao)復(fu)雜化，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)四(si)(si)紀(ji)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)物(wu)各種各樣停(ting)積(ji)場，沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)了河谷及溝谷地(di)(di)帶的(de)(de)礫石(shi)(shi)層(ceng)和(he)(he)(he)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)的(de)(de)風(feng)成(cheng)離石(shi)(shi)黃土(tu)(tu)(老黃土(tu)(tu))，形(xing)(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了中(zhong)更新(xin)世的(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)積(ji)物(wu)。特別是(shi)到(dao)(dao)了第(di)(di)四(si)(si)紀(ji)晚更新(xin)世迎來了風(feng)成(cheng)馬蘭黃土(tu)(tu)(新(xin)黃土(tu)(tu))，廣泛覆(fu)蓋于原有(you)地(di)(di)層(ceng)之上，便構成(cheng)了黃土(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)原梁(liang)峁、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)等現狀。吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)域的(de)(de)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，由石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)間(jian)(jian)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)兩部分(fen)(fen)(fen)組成(cheng)。南(nan)北高(gao)(gao)，中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)低，東西(xi)地(di)(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)相對(dui)高(gao)(gao)。最(zui)底處為(wei)(wei)洮河岸邊，海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)(wei)1719米(mi)；最(zui)高(gao)(gao)處為(wei)(wei)吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂，海(hai)拔(ba)2660.4米(mi)。吧(ba)咪(mi)(mi)(mi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)與前(qian)霧(wu)宿(su)山(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)北對(dui)峙，相距10余公里。中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)青和(he)(he)(he)盆(pen)(pen)地(di)(di)，海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度在1900---,2400米(mi)之間(jian)(jian)。地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)可(ke)劃分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)中(zhong)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、黃土(tu)(tu)低山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)、黃土(tu)(tu)梁(liang)峁溝谷和(he)(he)(he)河流灘地(di)(di)四(si)(si)種類型(xing)。

氣候特征

吧咪山(shan)區域范(fan)圍內(nei)屬溫(wen)(wen)帶半(ban)干(gan)(gan)旱季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)，地處內(nei)陸(lu)，帶有(you)大陸(lu)性氣(qi)候(hou)明顯特征。春季(ji)干(gan)(gan)旱多風，冬季(ji)寒(han)冷(leng)少雪‘。溫(wen)(wen)度適中(zhong)，晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差大。降水(shui)量少，多集中(zhong)在夏秋(qiu)兩季(ji)；雨熱同季(ji)，．蒸發(fa)量大，常(chang)有(you)干(gan)(gan)旱發(fa)生。日照(zhao)充足，無霜期短(duan)。

吧咪山的傳說

傳說，在明(ming)洪(hong)武二十二年，蘭州井兒(er)街(jie)有個(ge)姑娘名(ming)叫金(jin)(jin)花(hua)，她端莊聰慧，四歲的時候就開始捻麻(ma)紡線，到(dao)了該婚(hun)嫁的年紀，父(fu)母把她許配給一(yi)個(ge)富(fu)豪人家(jia)的子弟，金(jin)(jin)花(hua)執意不去(qu)，為逃(tao)避“父(fu)母之命，媒妁之言”，臨出嫁前，她獨自(zi)走出家(jia)門，手拿(na)了根燒飯的火棍(gun)，跑到(dao)了吧咪(mi)山，喘息之間(jian)，便將(jiang)火棍(gun)插于石縫(feng)間(jian)，自(zi)己在一(yi)個(ge)山洞里絕食(shi)靜坐(zuo)，念念發誓永不嫁人，一(yi)心修行(xing)，達到(dao)成佛(fo)的目(mu)的。金(jin)(jin)花(hua)反(fan)對包辦(ban)婚(hun)姻的精神(shen)感動了山神(shen)土地(di)，頓時火棍(gun)在瞬間(jian)生枝(zhi)吐葉，變成一(yi)棵郁(yu)(yu)郁(yu)(yu)蔥蔥的大松樹，這(zhe)棵古樹被人們稱之為“神(shen)樹”，這(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)因此(ci)也被叫做(zuo)神(shen)樹峴。此(ci)后，人們為金(jin)(jin)花(hua)蓋(gai)廟塑像。每(mei)逢(feng)農歷三月初(chu)三、四月初(chu)八、七月初(chu)七、九(jiu)月初(chu)九(jiu)舉行(xing)盛大的民間(jian)善會，遠近的善男信(xin)女就會從水旱(han)兩路云集而來，頂禮膜(mo)拜。

史料記載

吧(ba)(ba)咪山(shan)原名(ming)黑山(shan)。其(qi)來(lai)歷(li)有(you)三種說(shuo)法：《甘肅古跡名(ming)勝辭典》載：“傳說(shuo)清光緒年間，大(da)旱饑饉，滿山(shan)忽生吧(ba)(ba)糜，味美能食”。百(bai)姓(xing)賴(lai)以度過了荒(huang)年，故稱“吧(ba)(ba)咪寶(bao)山(shan)"。《黃河三峽移民志》記述，除(chu)(chu)有(you)此(ci)說(shuo)外，另有(you)一說(shuo)：此(ci)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)道教圣(sheng)地，常常誦讀(du)“嘛(ma)呢(ni)吧(ba)(ba)咪畔(pan)”而得名(ming)。除(chu)(chu)上述兩種說(shuo)法外，尚有(you)子實(shi)先(xian)生撰《南北三蓮花》認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，“吧(ba)(ba)咪”為(wei)(wei)(wei)梵語，意為(wei)(wei)(wei)“蓮花”，比(bi)喻心(xin)如蓮花一樣純潔無瑕，或其(qi)山(shan)狀(zhuang)如蓮花也。