景區簡介
烏尤寺位於四川省樂山(shan)東的(de)沫(mo)水(大渡河)、若水(青衣江(jiang))和岷(min)江(jiang)匯合處(chu)的(de)烏尤山(shan)頂。烏尤寺的(de)開(kai)山(shan)祖師是(shi)唐代僧人(ren)惠凈,禪師結茅(mao)山(shan)中,十年不下山(shan)。現(xian)后山(shan)頂建有結
茅(mao)亭(ting)(ting),亭(ting)(ting)壁上刻著“唐(tang)惠凈上人(ren)(ren)結茅(mao)處”八(ba)字(zi),遍(bian)能和(he)尚撰聯:“竹(zhu)杖繩床開(kai)勝境,蓮花(hua)貝葉(xie)悟禪機。”唐(tang)代(dai)詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)岑(cen)參(can)任嘉(jia)州刺(ci)史(shi)時(shi)(shi),曾上山(shan)(shan)參(can)拜(bai)惠凈大(da)和(he)尚,并作(zuo)《上嘉(jia)州青衣(yi)山(shan)(shan)中(zhong)峰題惠凈上人(ren)(ren)幽(you)居寄(ji)兵(bing)部楊郎中(zhong)》詩(shi),有(you)“諸嶺一何(he)小,三江(jiang)奔茫茫。蘭若向西(xi)開(kai),峨眉正(zheng)相(xiang)當。猿鳥樂(le)鐘(zhong)磬,松蘿(luo)泛天香。”之句。這(zhe)說明岑(cen)參(can)訪(fang)惠凈上人(ren)(ren)時(shi)(shi),寺(si)已建(jian)成。烏(wu)(wu)尤寺(si)原名正(zheng)覺寺(si)。宋(song)朝年(nian)代(dai)改名烏(wu)(wu)尤寺(si)。寺(si)內建(jian)筑結構森嚴,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)共(gong)有(you)七座,都集中(zhong)在(zai)烏(wu)(wu)尤山(shan)(shan)頭,現保存完整的殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)有(you)天王殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、彌陀殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、彌勒殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)雄(xiong)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、觀音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、羅漢堂(tang)等。由前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)行(xing)還有(you)怡亭(ting)(ting)和(he)爾(er)雅(ya)臺等勝跡。爾(er)雅(ya)臺是(shi)漢代(dai)文學家郭舍人(ren)(ren)在(zai)烏(wu)(wu)尤山(shan)(shan)注釋《爾(er)雅(ya)》的地(di)方(fang)。寺(si)之周圍竹(zhu)木扶疏,樓閣亭(ting)(ting)臺錯落其間,更顯得格(ge)外(wai)清幽(you)。1983年(nian),被(bei)國務院確定為漢族地(di)區佛教全國重點寺(si)院。
烏(wu)尤山四面環水(shui),孤(gu)蜂兀立,山上(shang)(shang)林(lin)木茂盛,綠(lv)蔭重疊。據《史記(ji)》、 《漢書》記(ji)載(zai),烏(wu)尤山原與凌云山相連,蜀(shu)郡(jun)太守李(li)冰(bing)治理(li)沫水(shui)(大渡河(he)),開鑿江道,引部(bu)分(fen)江水(shui)繞烏(wu)尤山而(er)下,使之成(cheng)為(wei)水(shui)中孤(gu)島(dao),也稱(cheng)之為(wei)青衣別(bie)島(dao)。現山上(shang)(shang)有“離堆”石碑,離堆即離岸之意(yi)。
景點
彌陀殿
殿中(zhong)塑阿(a)彌陀佛(fo)像,高約6米,佛(fo)身后有48尊小型(xing)造(zao)像,代表阿(a)彌陀佛(fo)成佛(fo)前所發(fa)之四十八愿(yuan)。因(yin)限于地形,僅建一間,然倚(yi)崖屹立(li),仍顯巍峨(e)莊嚴。
大雄殿
是寺內最主要的殿宇,重修于1930年。兩相輝映,富麗堂皇,雄偉莊嚴,門上雕刻的花卉(hui)構圖(tu)大方(fang),工藝(yi)精湛,皆出自當(dang)時名家之手(shou)。門楣(mei)正(zheng)中高懸“大雄(xiong)殿”金(jin)匾,字徑一(yi)米,是清(qing)末書法家黃(huang)云(yun)鵠所(suo)書,筆勢雄(xiong)健莊重,骨韻兼勝,為近代(dai)書法所(suo)鮮見。正(zheng)中檐柱楹聯,為近代(dai)詩人趙香(xiang)宋撰書:
遍飛(fei)曼陀羅花,唯我獨尊,天上地下;此即(ji)寶莊嚴土,出門一望,山虛水(shui)深。
寥寥28字,既(ji)高度概(gai)括了釋(shi)迦(jia)牟尼畢生(sheng)之史(shi)事,又形象描繪出烏尤寺踞(ju)山臨(lin)水(shui)的地理形勝,可謂千錘百煉,字字珠璣。殿(dian)內供奉著慈祥肅穆的釋(shi)牟尼佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)和(he)文殊、普(pu)賢二菩薩像(xiang)(xiang),教內尊稱(cheng)為(wei)“華嚴(yan)三圣(sheng)”。這(zhe)三尊佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)系香樟木精雕細鏤(lou)而(er)成,全身貼金,高約(yue)三米(mi),重修大(da)殿(dian)時由(you)浙江杭州運回,佛(fo)(fo)龕后為(wei)西(xi)方境,中(zhong)立阿(a)(a)彌陀(tuo)佛(fo)(fo),左(zuo)右是觀世音和(he)大(da)勢至(zhi)二菩薩,佛(fo)(fo)教稱(cheng)之為(wei)“西(xi)方三圣(sheng)”。其(qi)中(zhong)阿(a)(a)彌陀(tuo)佛(fo)(fo)像(xiang)(xiang)為(wei)宋代用鐵鑄成,體(ti)態勻稱(cheng),妙像(xiang)(xiang)莊嚴(yan),為(wei)寺中(zhong)造像(xiang)(xiang)精品(pin)之一。大(da)雄殿(dian)外左(zuo)右分立著八角雙檐的鐘亭和(he)鼓(gu)亭。鐘亭內懸鐘為(wei)明代永樂(le)年間所鑄,亭外壁嵌有西(xi)南(nan)保(bao)存(cun)最完好的石(shi)刻(ke)《般(ban)若波羅蜜(mi)多心經》,由(you)清末(mo)名士趙熙書。
羅漢堂
出(chu)正覺(jue)禪林,右行數(shu)十(shi)步是羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)堂(tang)(tang)。羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)堂(tang)(tang)原(yuan)為烏尤殿,清宣統(tong)元年(nian)擴建,因塑(su)有(you)500羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han),故名(ming)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)堂(tang)(tang),原(yuan)塑(su)濟癲像活靈活現,傳神致極。惜“文(wen)革”初期,500羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)毀(hui)損殆(dai)盡,1986年(nian)在地(di)方(fang)政府和十(shi)方(fang)檀(tan)越大力支(zhi)持和幫(bang)助下,由寺住持遍(bian)能大和尚率大眾(zhong)師修復,于1989年(nian)竣工(gong)。新建的(de)羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)堂(tang)(tang)建筑面積(ji)1189平方(fang)米,“羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)堂(tang)(tang)”三(san)字為原(yuan)全國(guo)政協副主席(xi)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教協會(hui)會(hui)長趙樸初居士所書,由遍(bian)能方(fang)丈委托學僧果徹從北京帶回。堂(tang)(tang)正中(zhong)(zhong)塑(su)有(you)四面觀音(yin),金光閃爍,令人敬(jing)仰。殿內500羅(luo)漢(han)(han)(han)每(mei)尊高1.35米,寬0.66米,一(yi)尊一(yi)貌(mao),喜怒哀樂溢于其表,各有(you)神韻(yun)。
爾雅臺
《爾雅(ya)》是(shi)我國最早的一(yi)部解(jie)釋詞義的專著。宋代(dai)文學(xue)家蘇轍(che)在《初發(fa)嘉州》詩中寫道:“云(yun)有古郭生,此地苦箋注。區(qu)(qu)區(qu)(qu)辨(bian)魚蟲,爾雅(ya)細(xi)分縷。洗硯去殘墨(mo)(mo),遍水(shui)如黑(hei)(hei)霧。至今江上魚,頂有遺(yi)墨(mo)(mo)處。”說郭舍(she)人(ren)長年勤奮寫作(zuo),洗硯的殘墨(mo)(mo)竟染黑(hei)(hei)了江水(shui),染黑(hei)(hei)了魚頭。這樣一(yi)個傳說,反(fan)映了人(ren)們對郭舍(she)
人勤(qin)苦治(zhi)學(xue)的敬仰心(xin)情。爾雅(ya)(ya)臺原(yuan)(yuan)址(zhi)的曠(kuang)怡(yi)亭處,1921年重建時遷至現址(zhi)。爾雅(ya)(ya)臺原(yuan)(yuan)為三層,整體相(xiang)連,曲折有(you)趣。解放后(hou)維修時拆(chai)去(qu)第二層,保留了頂層和底層。頂層后(hou)又改(gai)名(ming)為聽濤軒,爾雅(ya)(ya)臺僅余(yu)一層。
爾(er)(er)(er)雅臺臨(lin)崖而(er)立,視野開(kai)闊,北望樂山(shan)(shan)城廓,下瞰三(san)江,景色絢麗(li)。臺內(nei)正中壁上傍書(shu)“漢犍為舍人注爾(er)(er)(er)雅處”,下面鑲嵌著(zhu)趙熙(xi)《爾(er)(er)(er)雅臺記(ji)》碑(bei)文。爾(er)(er)(er)雅臺名聞遐(xia)邇(er),是烏(wu)(wu)尤(you)山(shan)(shan)著(zhu)名古跡之一(yi)(yi),歷(li)(li)代名人留下了不少關于它的詩文。1936年(nian)(壬(ren)子年(nian))夏,趙熙(xi)在烏(wu)(wu)尤(you)山(shan)(shan)避暑(shu),張(zhang)元濟(菊生)、陳衍(石遺)、金(jin)松岑(天翻)、林(lin)思進(山(shan)(shan)腴)等海內(nei)名士(shi),齊聚于此。是為爾(er)(er)(er)雅壬(ren)子之會。次年(nian),諸(zhu)老(lao)所(suo)著(zhu),匯(hui)集(ji)歷(li)(li)代詠(yong)頌,刻(ke)有(you)《烏(wu)(wu)尤(you)山(shan)(shan)詩》行(xing)世。1939年(nian),郭沫若先生登(deng)臨(lin)爾(er)(er)(er)雅臺,作(zuo)《登(deng)爾(er)(er)(er)雅臺懷(huai)(huai)人》七(qi)律(lv)一(yi)(yi)首,懷(huai)(huai)念戰斗在抗(kang)日前(qian)線的朱德(de)總司(si)令,盼望抗(kang)戰勝(sheng)利:
依(yi)舊危(wei)臺壓紫云,青衣江上水殷殷。
歸來(lai)我獨(du)懷三楚(chu),叱咤誰當冠九軍(jun)。
龍戰玄(xuan)黃彌(mi)野血,雞鳴風雨際(ji)天(tian)聞。
會師鴨綠期(qi)何日(ri),翹首(shou)燕(yan)云苦憶君。 1944年(nian),朱德(de)同志步原(yuan)韻《和郭沫若(ruo)同志登爾雅(ya)臺懷人》:
回顧西南滿戰(zhan)云,臺(tai)高爾雅舊情(qing)殷。
千村淪落悲三楚,四位英雄(xiong)喪(sang)廿(nian)軍。
北國翻新看后勁,東鄰(lin)殞越可先聞。
內憂外患(huan)澄清(qing)日,痛(tong)飲(yin)黃龍定約(yue)君。
這兩首(shou)詩(shi)表現了老(lao)一(yi)輩(bei)革命(ming)家憂國憂民的高尚情懷,為(wei)古(gu)老(lao)的爾雅臺增(zeng)添了光彩。從爾雅臺右側(ce)拾級而上是聽濤軒。游人到此,聽滔滔江(jiang)水,觀(guan)片(pian)片(pian)帆影,攬物懷古(gu),感慨油然而生。
烏尤寺書法碑刻
烏尤寺(si)(si)各處還多眾多名人題刻(ke),如近現(xian)代名家趙熙、馬一浮(fu)、何紹基、趙樸初等都在烏尤寺(si)(si)留下墨(mo)跡(ji),是書法愛好者(zhe)的好去處。
其中(zhong)尤(you)以蜀中(zhong)大名(ming)士趙(zhao)熙(xi)所(suo)書(shu)最(zui)多最(zui)有名(ming)。趙(zhao)熙(xi)榮(rong)縣人,為(wei)(wei)清(qing)末進(jin)士、御史,近代著名(ming)詩(shi)人、書(shu)法家(jia)、詞人。民國時隱居榮(rong)縣,與烏尤(you)寺傳度(du)大師是至交,遍能(neng)大師又是其弟子,因此(ci)常在烏尤(you)寺小(xiao)住,留有眾多詩(shi)文(wen)書(shu)法真跡。民國時出版的(de)《烏尤(you)山詩(shi)》,收錄(lu)趙(zhao)熙(xi)詠烏尤(you)寺詩(shi)有70余篇。烏尤(you)山上(shang)到處都有趙(zhao)熙(xi)的(de)書(shu)法題刻(ke)(ke),如(ru)爾(er)雅臺楹(ying)聯、“離堆”山門及楹(ying)聯、《如(ru)此(ci)江山》詞匾(bian)額、止(zhi)息亭石刻(ke)(ke)等,以及鐘鼓亭四周所(suo)嵌石碑上(shang)的(de)14通《心經(jing)》石刻(ke)(ke),《心經(jing)》石刻(ke)(ke)最(zui)為(wei)(wei)世人所(suo)知,趙(zhao)熙(xi)53歲所(suo)書(shu),書(shu)刻(ke)(ke)俱精,姿媚遒勁(jing),錯落有致(zhi),變化多端(duan),有“民國蘭亭”之譽,是為(wei)(wei)書(shu)法極(ji)品。 峨眉山、成(cheng)都寶光寺都有此(ci)《心經(jing)》的(de)復(fu)制碑刻(ke)(ke)。
景云亭
獨好亭又名景云亭,語出“內景秀美,景星慶云”之意。亭柱有一對聯:“萬象凌(ling)空烏尤勝(sheng)處;三處環(huan)翠海(hai)上(shang)蓬(peng)萊(lai),”生(sheng)動地描繪了烏尤山(shan)(shan)的秀麗景(jing)色(se)。 景(jing)云亭是觀賞樂山(shan)(shan)風光(guang)的最佳(jia)景(jing)點之一,晚間可觀壯美(mei)的嘉州夜(ye)景(jing)。登亭向西北眺望,嘉州古城盡收眼(yan)底,三江(jiang)繞(rao)廓奔騰而下(xia),凌(ling)云九峰巍峨聳峙。這驚險(xian)壯觀的場面,自然使人(ren)想起烏尤山(shan)(shan)臨(lin)江(jiang)峭(qiao)崖上(shang)四個巨大的古代石刻題字—中(zhong)流砥柱。真正“天開(kai)圖(tu)畫,江(jiang)心(xin)一螺孤(gu)峭(qiao);如(ru)此(ci)江(jiang)山(shan)(shan),烏尤天下(xia)好”(趙熙《如(ru)此(ci)江(jiang)山(shan)(shan)》詞)。
烏尤菩薩
該像建于唐代,是烏尤山最早的佛教造像,系用青銅整體澆鑄,高兩米,重約三千公斤,造(zao)型古樸(pu),威嚴(yan)生動(dong),純(chun)屬印度(du)造(zao)像(xiang)風(feng)格(ge)。據佛典記載(zai):面(mian)(mian)(mian)然(ran)(ran)為觀(guan)世(shi)音菩(pu)薩化身(shen)相,相傳觀(guan)世(shi)音菩(pu)薩至此見兩河沙岸,鬼(gui)魅啾啾,乃變面(mian)(mian)(mian)然(ran)(ran)像(xiang),為觀(guan)音七(qi)十二化身(shen),貌甚奇(qi)古,近似鬼(gui)王,以(yi)(yi)鎮妖蜮(yu)。此山此寺(si)以(yi)(yi)烏尤命名,即(ji)源于此。面(mian)(mian)(mian)然(ran)(ran)大(da)士(shi)像(xiang)原置(zhi)羅漢(han)堂中(zhong),世(shi)代遷流,銅像(xiang)毀(hui)壞(huai),棄諸草莽,幸(xing)得寺(si)院(yuan)住(zhu)持遍能大(da)和尚掩藏保護,后又蒙善信(xin)出資,修復面(mian)(mian)(mian)然(ran)(ran)大(da)士(shi)像(xiang),使烏尤鎮寺(si)寶像(xiang),得以(yi)(yi)復現于世(shi)。我國漢(han)傳佛教寺(si)院(yuan)均無(wu)此類(lei)造(zao)像(xiang),而(er)以(yi)(yi)面(mian)(mian)(mian)然(ran)(ran)大(da)士(shi)為鎮寺(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)寶,并以(yi)(yi)寺(si)名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),實屬鮮見,世(shi)間故而(er)奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),無(wu)不爭相一睹,以(yi)(yi)慰(wei)平生。
交通信息
內部交通
公交
樂山(shan)市內公交13路(lu)、3路(lu)均可(ke)直達該景點。
外部交通
自駕
樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)市政府(fu) 1. 從起點向西北(bei)方(fang)(fang)向出發(fa),沿(yan)(yan)濱河路(lu)(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)40米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),右(you)(you)(you)前方(fang)(fang)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)(wan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)泊水街(jie) 2. 沿(yan)(yan)泊水街(jie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)210米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)中土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie) 3. 沿(yan)(yan)中土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)220米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)上(shang)(shang)土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie) 4. 沿(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)210米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過右(you)(you)(you)側的華(hua)廈商業(ye)城(樂山(shan)(shan)(shan)),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie) 5. 沿(yan)(yan)土(tu)橋(qiao)街(jie)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)140米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)嘉(jia)定(ding)南(nan)路(lu)(lu) 6. 沿(yan)(yan)嘉(jia)定(ding)南(nan)路(lu)(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)780米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)嘉(jia)定(ding)中路(lu)(lu) 7. 沿(yan)(yan)嘉(jia)定(ding)中路(lu)(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.6公(gong)里,直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)嘉(jia)定(ding)北(bei)路(lu)(lu) 8. 沿(yan)(yan)嘉(jia)定(ding)北(bei)路(lu)(lu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)濱江(jiang)路(lu)(lu)中段(duan) 9. 沿(yan)(yan)濱江(jiang)路(lu)(lu)中段(duan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)510米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),右(you)(you)(you)轉(zhuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)S305 10. 沿(yan)(yan)S305行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.0公(gong)里,右(you)(you)(you)前方(fang)(fang)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)(wan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)環島 11. 沿(yan)(yan)環島行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)30米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),過右(you)(you)(you)側的云(yun)集(ji)大廈(樂山(shan)(shan)(shan))約90米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)后,在第2個出口,右(you)(you)(you)前方(fang)(fang)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)(wan) 12. 行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)690米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),右(you)(you)(you)前方(fang)(fang)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)(wan)上(shang)(shang)匝道(dao) 13. 沿(yan)(yan)匝道(dao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)240米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)S305 14. 沿(yan)(yan)S305行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)10.1公(gong)里,右(you)(you)(you)轉(zhuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)S104 15. 沿(yan)(yan)S104行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1.7公(gong)里,左(zuo)轉(zhuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)(ru)東風橋(qiao) 16. 沿(yan)(yan)東風橋(qiao)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)110米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),左(zuo)轉(zhuan) 17. 行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)240米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),右(you)(you)(you)前方(fang)(fang)轉(zhuan)彎(wan)(wan) 18. 行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)260米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),到達終點 烏(wu)尤寺。