板式家具的板材分類 板式家具的結構

1、板材簡介：

A、刨花板（Particle Board）：刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)發源(yuan)地在(zai)(zai)歐洲，存在(zai)(zai)己(ji)有將近(jin)60年的(de)(de)(de)歷史了(le)。它的(de)(de)(de)發明使(shi)自然資源(yuan)得(de)到了(le)有效保護(hu)。并(bing)克服了(le)天(tian)然木材(cai)的(de)(de)(de)特點，它的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)易變形和穩定的(de)(de)(de)物理(li)(li)性能使(shi)之得(de)以在(zai)(zai)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)生產(chan)領域被(bei)大量使(shi)用(yong)。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)由天(tian)然原木經切剖、粉碎、高溫高壓(ya)制(zhi)成的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong)更適合家(jia)具(ju)(ju)加工(gong)生產(chan)和使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)，具(ju)(ju)有不(bu)易變形，握(wo)釘(ding)力強的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點，因而(er)在(zai)(zai)歐洲被(bei)作(zuo)為一流板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式家(jia)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要原材(cai)料(liao)。在(zai)(zai)國內，有人宣傳刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為工(gong)業(ye)廢料(liao)制(zhi)成，引起消費者對(dui)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)誤解。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)對(dui)木工(gong)機械的(de)(de)(de)要求極高，否則就會出現(xian)鋸面(mian)缺口等現(xian)象，從而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)質量，所以許多工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)不(bu)使(shi)用(yong)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)。另一方面(mian)，確(que)實(shi)也有廠(chang)(chang)家(jia)用(yong)劣質刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)生產(chan)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)以節省成本，因而(er)影(ying)響(xiang)了(le)刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)聲譽。刨(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)花(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)缺點是(shi)不(bu)易做彎曲處(chu)理(li)(li)

B、 中纖板（MDF，Medium Density Fiberboard）：中密度(du)纖維(wei)板的簡稱。特(te)點(dian)是木質勻細，易于(yu)加工，尤其適合曲面及(ji)異(yi)形設計。

2、基材和表面裝飾材料

現在市場上常看到的家具板是由基材和表面裝飾材料兩部分組成的。表面裝飾材料是貼或附著在基材的表面的。
基材(cai)有:木材(cai)，刨花板，中(zhong)密度(du)，集成材(cai)等。

A、表面裝飾材料類型：

表面裝飾材料有：天然木單板（木皮），混色油漆（混油），三聚氰胺，防火板，油漆紙，吸塑的PVC皮子等。
最(zui)常用的(de)(de)家(jia)具(ju)板(ban)(ban)材，由于國內早期大部分(fen)生產的(de)(de)都是劣質刨(bao)(bao)花板(ban)(ban)，所(suo)以刨(bao)(bao)花板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)名聲很臭。但優(you)質刨(bao)(bao)花板(ban)(ban)與優(you)質中密度(du)(du)相比，刨(bao)(bao)花板(ban)(ban)具(ju)有重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)輕，握(wo)釘力強，防(fang)潮防(fang)水(shui)性好，更容(rong)易控制甲醛釋放量(liang)(liang)，不(bu)(bu)易變形等優(you)點，適合(he)用于家(jia)具(ju)平(ping)面的(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)。它的(de)(de)缺點是顆粒(li)大，對油漆，雕(diao)刻(ke)，吸(xi)塑等工藝來說應該使(shi)用中密度(du)(du)，還有一(yi)些薄板(ban)(ban)應該用中密度(du)(du)。在有質量(liang)(liang)保證的(de)(de)條件下刨(bao)(bao)花板(ban)(ban)與中密度(du)(du)沒有好壞之分(fen)，只是適合(he)于不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)用途。另外，所(suo)謂高(gao)密度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)家(jia)具(ju)一(yi)般都是中密度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)。真正(zheng)高(gao)密度(du)(du)板(ban)(ban)另有用途(如(ru)高(gao)強度(du)(du)復(fu)合(he)地(di)(di)板(ban)(ban))。

B、飾面材料類型：

飾面材料分為：人造(zao)貼面(mian)和天然木材貼面(mian)。

人造貼面材料：其優(you)點表(biao)面(mian)耐磨，硬度高，不易(yi)起皮，色澤(ze)均勻，表(biao)面(mian)平(ping)整，較能夠抗(kang)環境因素影響，貼面(mian)穩(wen)定。

天然飾面：多采用0.6毫米天然木材切片，木紋與顏(yan)色(se)(se)深淺色(se)(se)差(cha)均來自(zi)于(yu)大自(zi)然獨一無二的創(chuang)造(zao)，對光的渲染有強烈(lie)的色(se)(se)彩表現力，但表面(mian)(mian)漆面(mian)(mian)硬度相對于(yu)三聚氰胺較軟，耐磨(mo)耐熱性較差(cha)。新家(jia)具在4-6個(ge)(ge)月內(nei)，受光部分顏(yan)色(se)(se)會明顯(xian)變深，如(ru)果(guo)桌面(mian)(mian)擺放物(wu)品長期不移動，會造(zao)成物(wu)品下面(mian)(mian)的木皮顏(yan)色(se)(se)相對發白(bai)，但是(shi)在4-6個(ge)(ge)月后，顏(yan)色(se)(se)就基本穩(wen)定不會有大的變化。

客戶在對于飾面板的驗收時，應注意以下幾點：

實木貼面材料：應與基材膠合(he)穩(wen)定平(ping)滑(hua)，板(ban)材平(ping)面平(ping)整，無起凸或龜裂(lie)跡象。

漆面板材：應色澤統(tong)一，漆面平整，板材表(biao)面無(wu)遺落(luo)。噴染之(zhi)處與(yu)封邊(bian)條之(zhi)間無(wu)落(luo)噴、液涂不嚴之(zhi)處。

除以上檢驗標準之外，客戶購買還需考慮到家具公司在新產品的開發能力及部件之間的互通性，以備對已購家具不斷的調整。

板式家具的結構

板(ban)(ban)(ban)式家(jia)具(ju)是以人造(zao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)主(zhu)要基(ji)材，是板(ban)(ban)(ban)件為(wei)基(ji)本結構的(de)拆裝組合式家(jia)具(ju)，全部(bu)經(jing)表面裝飾(shi)的(de)人造(zao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材加五金件連(lian)接而成(cheng)的(de)家(jia)具(ju)。

板式家(jia)具具有(you)可拆卸，造型古語變化，外觀時尚(shang)，不易變形(xing)，質量(liang)穩(wen)定，價(jia)格實惠(hui)等基本特征。板式家(jia)具不見的(de)結合(he)通常采(cai)用各種金屬五金件連接(jie)，裝(zhuang)配和拆卸都十分(fen)方便，加工精度高的(de)家(jia)具可以多次拆卸安裝(zhuang)，方便運輸，因為(wei)基材打破了木材原有(you)的(de)物(wu)理結構(gou)，所以在溫、濕度變化較大的(de)時候，人造板的(de)形(xing)變要比實木多得(de)多，質量(liang)要比實木家(jia)具的(de)質量(liang)穩(wen)定。

常(chang)見(jian)的人造板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)有(you)膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、細木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)纖板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)等。膠(jiao)合板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（夾板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)作需要彎曲變形的家具(ju)；細木(mu)(mu)工(gong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)性能有(you)時會受板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)芯材(cai)質影響(xiang)；刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（又叫微(wei)粒板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、蔗渣板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)）材(cai)質疏松，僅用(yong)于(yu)低(di)檔家具(ju)。性價比(bi)最高、最常(chang)用(yong)的是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度纖維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)（ＭＤＦ）。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式家具(ju)常(chang)見(jian)的飾(shi)面(mian)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)薄(bo)木(mu)(mu)（俗稱(cheng)貼木(mu)(mu)皮）、木(mu)(mu)紋紙（俗稱(cheng)貼紙）、PVC膠(jiao)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)、聚脂漆(qi)面(mian)（俗稱(cheng)烤漆(qi)）等。后三種(zhong)飾(shi)面(mian)通(tong)常(chang)用(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低(di)檔家具(ju)，而天然木(mu)(mu)皮飾(shi)面(mian)用(yong)于(yu)高檔產品(pin)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式家具(ju)是(shi)(shi)由中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度纖維板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)或刨(bao)花(hua)(hua)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)進行表面(mian)貼面(mian)等工(gong)藝(yi)制(zhi)成的家具(ju)。這種(zhong)家具(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)很大一(yi)部分是(shi)(shi)木(mu)(mu)紋仿真家具(ju)。目(mu)前市場上(shang)出售的一(yi)些板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)式家具(ju)的貼面(mian)越(yue)來越(yue)逼(bi)真，光(guang)澤度、手(shou)感等都不錯，工(gong)藝(yi)精細的產品(pin)價格也(ye)很昂貴。