一、點火器組成部分
點火器的組成主要由電源、點火線圈、分電器、點火開關、火花塞、附加電阻(zu)及其短接(jie)裝(zhuang)置、高低壓導線等組成。
1、電(dian)(dian)源:由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)發電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)成(cheng)。啟動(dong)時(shi),點火系由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)提供(gong)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)能;啟動(dong)后,當發電(dian)(dian)機電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),點火系由發電(dian)(dian)機提供(gong)低壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)能。
2、點火線圈:將汽(qi)車電(dian)源提(ti)供的(de)12V低(di)壓(ya)電(dian)轉變成(cheng)能擊穿火花塞電(dian)極間隙(xi)的(de)高壓(ya)電(dian)。
3、分(fen)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi):在發(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)凸(tu)輪軸驅動(dong)下(xia),準時(shi)接通和切(qie)斷(duan)點火(huo)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)初級電(dian)(dian)流,使點火(huo)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)及時(shi)產生高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian),并(bing)按點火(huo)順序將高壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)傳送至各缸火(huo)花塞;同時(shi)能自動(dong)和人為地(di)實現對點火(huo)時(shi)間的(de)調(diao)整。其中電(dian)(dian)容器(qi)(qi)的(de)作用是減小斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)觸點火(huo)花,提高點火(huo)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)次級電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。
4、點(dian)火開關:控(kong)制點(dian)火系低壓(ya)電路的(de)通斷,控(kong)制發電機的(de)啟動(dong)和熄火。
5、火花塞:將高壓(ya)電引入燃(ran)燒室(shi),產(chan)生(sheng)電火花點燃(ran)混合氣。
6、附加(jia)電(dian)阻(zu)短接(jie)(jie)裝置:起動(dong)時將(jiang)附加(jia)電(dian)阻(zu)短接(jie)(jie),增大點火線(xian)圈初級電(dian)流,增強起動(dong)時火花(hua)塞的跳火能量。
二、點火器的種類
1、電子式(shi)脈沖式(shi)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)器:脈沖式(shi)因功率小(xiao)所以點(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)的能量(liang)小(xiao),產生的火(huo)(huo)花溫(wen)度低,對有部(bu)分燃(ran)點(dian)(dian)高可遴性氣體(ti)和濃(nong)度較(jiao)低的混合氣體(ti),有鼓風的燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器點(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)時點(dian)(dian)燃(ran)率較(jiao)低,經常會出現點(dian)(dian)不著或爆燃(ran)等(deng)安全事故(gu),長(chang)時間(jian)且不能連續(xu)點(dian)(dian)火(huo)(huo)容易燒(shao)(shao)壞(huai)于燃(ran)油的燃(ran)燒(shao)(shao)器。
2、電子式高頻(pin)高壓點火(huo)器:功率大(da)(da),點火(huo)能量高產生火(huo)花(hua)溫度高,但點火(huo)時間普遍不超5分(fen)鐘,否則容易(yi)發(fa)熱,燒壞,而(er)體(ti)積(ji)大(da)(da)而(er)重(zhong),安裝運輸難。
3、線圈矽鋼(gang)片式點(dian)火器(qi):功率大(da),能量高產(chan)生火花溫度高,點(dian)火時間10分鐘左右(you),否則發(fa)熱(re)燒壞,體積較小而輕(qing),但國產(chan)普遍質(zhi)量不好被進口(kou)占(zhan)領(ling)90%市場(chang)。
三、點火器質量如何鑒別
1、將點火器的接(jie)(jie)線(xian)都插接(jie)(jie)上(shang)(shang)時,先不要接(jie)(jie)電(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(交流點火器(qi)的充電(dian)端),或是(shi)預先就(jiu)將(jiang)(jiang)磁(ci)電(dian)機的高壓(ya)(ya)輸出(chu)線(xian)頭(tou)拔開。在確(que)定點火器(qi)的地(di)線(xian)與車上(shang)(shang)電(dian)路(lu)的地(di)線(xian)連接(jie)(jie)良好后,再將(jiang)(jiang)高壓(ya)(ya)帽從火花塞(sai)上(shang)(shang)拔出(chu),插一備(bei)份的火花塞(sai)搭在車體上(shang)(shang)。最后是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)摩托車上(shang)(shang)的直流電(dian)路(lu)(火線(xian)是(shi)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)瓶+極。)去連接(jie)(jie)點火器(qi)的充電(dian)端。
2、將點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)按上(shang)述連接好電(dian)路后,轉動磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)使觸發傳感器(qi)給點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)送去點(dian)火(huo)信號,看火(huo)花塞是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)打(da)火(huo)。如(ru)果火(huo)花塞打(da)火(huo),這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)直流(liu)點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)。(交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)的充(chong)電(dian)端通(tong)常接受上(shang)百伏電(dian)壓,對電(dian)瓶(ping)的12V無動于衷。)如(ru)果暫(zan)時(shi)不打(da)火(huo),也要(yao)仔細認真地檢查原(yuan)因,或(huo)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)表(biao)測量法(fa)確(que)定點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)性質,不可輕易誤判為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)點(dian)火(huo)器(qi)。
3、比較保(bao)險的(de)辦法是使用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan)做對點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi)做反(fan)復測(ce)試,多次確定(ding)(ding)不是使用(yong)(yong)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)的(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi)了,才可(ke)以判定(ding)(ding)為交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi)。有條件的(de)車友,可(ke)以使用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)源(yuan),如果萬(wan)一是直流(liu)(liu)(liu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi),也(ye)可(ke)以因電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)小=電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)降低(di)而(er)不傷害(hai)點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi)。但小電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya),還是會對交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)點(dian)(dian)(dian)火器(qi)實現(xian)充電(dian)的(de),在測(ce)試中要小心放電(dian)麻手。
4、對于特殊情況(kuang),例如電(dian)(dian)感高壓包(bao)就不適合配套CDI點(dian)火器(qi)(qi);有(you)的是點(dian)火器(qi)(qi)與高壓包(bao)合并的點(dian)火器(qi)(qi),例如XH90四沖(chong)(chong)一體化點(dian)火器(qi)(qi)。還(huan)有(you)的是自觸(chu)發(fa)的二沖(chong)(chong)交流(liu)點(dian)火器(qi)(qi),是使用磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)高壓電(dian)(dian)源的,正向充電(dian)(dian)蓄能/反(fan)向觸(chu)發(fa)放電(dian)(dian)。
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