太陽能電動(dong)車怎(zen)么(me)樣

太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)是可再生、可持續性發(fa)展的(de)戰略能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。當華爾街(jie)風暴席卷全球時，各(ge)先進技術國(guo)(guo)家(jia)無不在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)領域下賭(du)注、投資本，以期獲得經濟復(fu)興。特別是以汽車產業為經濟支柱(zhu)的(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)，尤其在(zai)(zai)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車動(dong)力(li)上力(li)圖有所創新(xin)(xin)和發(fa)展，如在(zai)(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽車、燃料電(dian)池(chi)汽車領域紛(fen)(fen)紛(fen)(fen)投入(ru)巨資，而在(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)汽車領域更是探(tan)索不止，力(li)度加(jia)大。由于(yu)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)是各(ge)種可再生能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中最重要的(de)基本能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，通過轉換裝置把太陽(yang)(yang)輻射能(neng)轉換成電(dian)能(neng)利用(yong)，屬于(yu)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)發(fa)電(dian)技術。光(guang)電(dian)轉換裝置通常(chang)是利用(yong)半導體器(qi)件的(de)光(guang)伏效(xiao)應原理(li)進行(xing)光(guang)電(dian)轉換的(de)，因此也(ye)稱太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏技術，又稱太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)池(chi)。

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據報(bao)道，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏技術不僅在(zai)先(xian)進(jin)技術國(guo)家(jia)得(de)到快速發(fa)(fa)展，中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)業也(ye)以每(mei)年(nian)(nian)20%~30%的(de)(de)速度增長。到2020年(nian)(nian)，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)領域(yu)的(de)(de)銷售額將增加一倍，屆(jie)時中(zhong)國(guo)將有1%的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗來自太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。今后幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)，我(wo)國(guo)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使用不僅在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源領域(yu)會獲得(de)飛速發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)汽車(che)領域(yu)的(de)(de)應用也(ye)會得(de)到不斷(duan)的(de)(de)提高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構具(ju)有輕、小、巧、美(mei)四大特性。車(che)型(xing)(xing)輕，能大幅(fu)度(du)減輕能源(yuan)的消耗，降低(di)成本；車(che)身小，可在城市中心地帶穿街走巷行(xing)駛(shi)（不超(chao)過兩人(ren)并(bing)排(pai)騎自行(xing)車(che)占(zhan)用(yong)的道(dao)路面積），增加道(dao)路流量，改善交通狀況；結(jie)構設計(ji)巧妙、實用(yong)、緊湊、堅(jian)固、耐用(yong)；流線型(xing)(xing)外(wai)觀，造型(xing)(xing)美(mei)觀大方。

2、以光、電(dian)代替油，可節約有限(xian)的石(shi)油資源。白天(tian)，太陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)把光能(neng)轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)能(neng)自動存儲(chu)在(zai)動力電(dian)池(chi)中。在(zai)晚(wan)間或陰雨(yu)天(tian)，可以利用(yong)家(jia)用(yong)交流(liu)電(dian)（220V）進行充電(dian)，確保車輛(liang)照常行駛。

3、節能(neng)，本發明(ming)的(de)太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)，耗能(neng)少，只需(xu)采用(yong)3-4平米(mi)的(de)太陽能(neng)電(dian)池組件便可(ke)行駛(shi)起來。燃油汽車(che)(che)在(zai)能(neng)量(liang)轉換(huan)過程中要遵守卡(ka)諾循環(huan)(huan)的(de)規律來做(zuo)功，熱效率(lv)比較(jiao)低，約為12%-15%，只有1/3左右的(de)能(neng)量(liang)用(yong)在(zai)推動(dong)車(che)(che)輛前進上(shang)，其余2/3左右的(de)能(neng)量(liang)損失在(zai)發動(dong)機和(he)驅動(dong)鏈(lian)上(shang)；而(er)太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)能(neng)量(liang)轉換(huan)不(bu)受卡(ka)諾循環(huan)(huan)規律的(de)限制，熱效率(lv)要高得多，可(ke)達到(dao)34%-40%，90%的(de)能(neng)量(liang)用(yong)于推動(dong)車(che)(che)輛前進。

4、高(gao)度(du)重視安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)問題，將主動安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)性列(lie)為(wei)重要問題考慮(lv)，在車身(shen)的前(qian)部特別(bie)設計內(nei)保險(xian)結構，保障(zhang)駕(jia)駛(shi)員的生命安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)，每(mei)個座位(wei)上都設有三(san)點(dian)式安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)帶(dai)、座椅頭枕(zhen)。另外，前(qian)后保險(xian)杠(gang)、高(gao)位(wei)剎車燈(deng)、轉向(xiang)燈(deng)、前(qian)大燈(deng)、尾燈(deng)、后視鏡、安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)擋(dang)風(feng)玻璃、雨(yu)刮器(qi)等配置(zhi)一應俱全(quan)(quan)，而且(qie)還(huan)可(ke)以選裝兒童安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)座椅等選配裝置(zhi)。

5、作為一種低速(su)(su)車，其設計、生(sheng)產和安全標準與(yu)傳統轎車相比毫不(bu)遜色。前(qian)(qian)后均有(you)獨立懸掛，四輪鼓式制動，采用創新前(qian)(qian)橋和傳向系統，30km/h速(su)(su)度(du)到(dao)停止的剎(cha)車距離不(bu)超過7.3米。

6、無污(wu)染。因為不用燃(ran)油，本車不會排(pai)放污(wu)染大氣(qi)的有害氣(qi)體(ti)。

7、無噪音。沒有內燃機(ji)，行駛時不會(hui)聽(ting)到燃油汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使(shi)用(yong)費用(yong)低廉。車上配有(you)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器，有(you)兩路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有(you)太陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)時(shi)，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)通過充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行(xing)駛成本(ben)(ben)為(wei)零(ling)；無(wu)太陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)時(shi)，隨時(shi)隨地都能(neng)(neng)用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通過充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行(xing)駛成本(ben)(ben)為(wei)3分錢(qian)。

9、易駕駛。無需電子點火，只需踩(cai)踏加(jia)速(su)板便(bian)可啟動(dong)，利用控制器控制車(che)速(su)，勿需換檔(dang)、踩(cai)離合(he)器，簡化了(le)駕駛的復雜性，避(bi)免(mian)了(le)因操作失(shi)誤而造成的事(shi)故隱患，安全性高。特(te)別適合(he)婦(fu)女和老年人(ren)駕駛。

10、方(fang)便。由于車(che)(che)(che)身(shen)結(jie)構簡單(dan)，除了定(ding)(ding)期(qi)更換(huan)動力(li)電池外，基本不需(xu)日(ri)常保養(yang)，省卻了傳統汽車(che)(che)(che)必須經常更換(huan)機油(you)、添加冷卻水等定(ding)(ding)期(qi)養(yang)護的(de)煩惱(nao)。小巧(qiao)玲瓏的(de)車(che)(che)(che)身(shen)，可以輕而易(yi)舉地將車(che)(che)(che)泊入擁擠不堪的(de)都市(shi)停車(che)(che)(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)最大優勢是(shi)環(huan)保、節能(neng)、安全(quan)、經濟，批量生(sheng)產的(de)成本將控制在人(ren)民幣5-6千元左右(you)，其市場(chang)目(mu)標鎖定(ding)在普通百姓家庭(ting)，將成為(wei)中國老百姓買得(de)起(qi)、用得(de)起(qi)、開得(de)動的(de)物(wu)美價廉的(de)交通工(gong)具產品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為48V配置的(de)電(dian)動車(che)野外或行駛途中(zhong)補充電(dian)源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一邊行駛(shi)、一邊充(chong)電(dian)，幫(bang)助電(dian)動車增(zeng)加行程達(da)50%以上。

3、太陽能(neng)充電(dian)器，既增強(qiang)電(dian)動(dong)車行駛、 爬坡的動(dong)力，又減(jian)輕電(dian)機(ji)的負載磨損。

4、太陽能充電(dian)器及時對放電(dian)狀態下的電(dian)動車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)補充電(dian)量(liang)，對于減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)極板硫化，延長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽(shou)命效(xiao)果顯著(zhu)。同時又(you)能長(chang)期節省電(dian)費開支，是降低電(dian)動車的使用(yong)成(cheng)本的好幫手。

5、太陽(yang)能(neng)充(chong)電器安裝方便(bian)，美(mei)觀適用，節能(neng)環保。

6、本產品(pin)使(shi)用壽命可達12年左(zuo)右(you)，應用價值很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電(dian)動車(che)因具所(suo)選擇的元件(jian)不(bu)同(tong)，布置方案也有(you)所(suo)不(bu)同(tong)。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式容易實現，操作和(he)控制(zhi)簡單。但(dan)能(neng)量損耗(hao)較(jiao)高、噪聲較(jiao)大、整車(che)質量較(jiao)重、行駛(shi)速(su)度較(jiao)低、續駛(shi)里(li)程較(jiao)短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式便于布置、較易驅動、質量輕、噪(zao)聲小。但控制相對復雜，并有一定的能(neng)量損耗(hao)。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動方(fang)式動力傳動系(xi)元件最少(shao)、結構最簡(jian)單(dan)、噪(zao)聲最低(di)、車重最輕(qing)、可控性(xing)好，但造價高(gao)，控制成為關鍵(jian)問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過(guo)峰值功率跟蹤器2被直(zhi)接傳送(song)到電(dian)機(ji)控制器中，驅動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)5旋轉，使車輛行駛。剩(sheng)余電(dian)量由蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)儲存起來，以便太陽電(dian)池(chi)板電(dian)量不足或陰雨(yu)天氣時(shi)驅動(dong)電(dian)機(ji)。這一過(guo)程由控制器控制。車輛的啟動(dong)、加速(su)、轉向、制動(dong)由駕(jia)駛員操縱。

太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池是一種對(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)有響應并(bing)能(neng)(neng)將光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)力的(de)器(qi)件(jian)裝置。能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏效應的(de)材(cai)料有許多(duo)(duo)種，如單晶硅(gui)(gui)、多(duo)(duo)晶硅(gui)(gui)、非晶硅(gui)(gui)、砷化鎵、硒銦(yin)銅等(deng)，它們的(de)發電(dian)原(yuan)(yuan)理基本相同(tong)。以晶體(ti)(ti)為例：P型(xing)晶體(ti)(ti)硅(gui)(gui)經過(guo)摻雜磷可(ke)得N型(xing)硅(gui)(gui)，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)P-N結。當光(guang)(guang)(guang)線照(zhao)射太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池陣(zhen)列(lie)板的(de)表(biao)面時，一部(bu)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)被硅(gui)(gui)材(cai)料吸收，光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)傳(chuan)遞(di)給了硅(gui)(gui)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)，使(shi)電(dian)子(zi)產(chan)生(sheng)了躍遷(qian)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為自由電(dian)子(zi)，在(zai)(zai)P-N結兩側(ce)集驟形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了電(dian)位差，當外部(bu)電(dian)路(lu)接通時，在(zai)(zai)該電(dian)壓的(de)作用下(xia)，將會有電(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)外部(bu)電(dian)路(lu)，從而產(chan)生(sheng)一定的(de)輸出功率。這個過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)實質是：光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉換成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)。太陽能(neng)(neng)陣(zhen)列(lie)電(dian)池板是由光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏半導體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料制成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，大多(duo)(duo)使(shi)用硅(gui)(gui)化合物。

根據所(suo)用材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)不同，太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板可分為：硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池；以無機(ji)鹽如砷化鎵III-V化合物、硫化鎘、硒銦銅等多元化合物為材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池；功能(neng)(neng)(neng)高分子材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)制備的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池；和納(na)米晶(jing)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池等。不論(lun)以何種(zhong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)來制作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，對(dui)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一般的(de)要求(qiu)有：半導(dao)體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)禁帶不能(neng)(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)寬；要有較高的(de)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)本身(shen)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)不造成污染；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)便于(yu)工業化生(sheng)產且材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)穩定。基于(yu)以上幾(ji)個方面考慮(lv)，硅(gui)是最理(li)想的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，這也是太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板以硅(gui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為主的(de)主要原(yuan)因。

太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)供電(dian)系統(tong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心部分，也是(shi)(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)供電(dian)系統(tong)中價值最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分。其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)將太(tai)(tai)陽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)量轉換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)，或(huo)送(song)往蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中存儲起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，或(huo)推動負載工作(zuo)(zuo)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)成本(ben)將直接決(jue)定整個系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和(he)成本(ben)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)管(guan)理和(he)控制(zhi)(zhi)整個系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)狀態，并對蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)起(qi)到充(chong)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)、過放電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，與純電(dian)動汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動源控制(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理系統(tong)具有相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)溫差較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，合格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)應具備(bei)溫度(du)補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。其它附(fu)加功能(neng)如(ru)光控、時控等應當都是(shi)(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可選項(xiang)。蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)有光照(zhao)時將太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)所提(ti)供出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)儲存起(qi)來(lai)(lai)，到需要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候再釋放出來(lai)(lai)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)件是由單個光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)拼接組(zu)成，或(huo)(huo)由折疊式支(zhi)架拼接組(zu)成陣列(lie)(lie)。因為單個光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（如硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)低，所以(yi)都要(yao)把它(ta)們(men)串(chuan)、并(bing)聯構成有實用價值的光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板，陣列(lie)(lie)成一個應用單元，然后(hou)根據供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求，再由多個應用單元的串(chuan)、并(bing)聯組(zu)成整個太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)裝置(zhi)，在夜(ye)間或(huo)(huo)光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)不足及(ji)負載(zai)消耗超(chao)出光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時，由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)向(xiang)負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了減(jian)輕整個系統的重(zhong)量，應采(cai)用高能(neng)(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油汽車在(zai)動(dong)力結(jie)(jie)構(gou)上有(you)很大(da)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，但與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)卻有(you)許多相同(tong)之處。所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式必須依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而(er)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)裝置(zhi)來(lai)自于太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式，而(er)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車不(bu)必背負(fu)巨大(da)的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)陳(chen)列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)。當太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板(ban)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，與控(kong)制裝置(zhi)和儲(chu)能(neng)裝置(zhi)連接后，再由(you)(you)另一端連接負(fu)載，負(fu)載就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機（驅動(dong)裝置(zhi)）。一般在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車運(yun)行時(shi)(shi)，被(bei)轉換的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽光能(neng)通過控(kong)制裝置(zhi)直運(yun)送(song)到負(fu)載，而(er)在(zai)停(ting)駛或太(tai)(tai)陽光足(zu)(zu)時(shi)(shi)，剩余部分(fen)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)向(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)存起來(lai)，當太(tai)(tai)陽光不(bu)足(zu)(zu)時(shi)(shi)，由(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)向(xiang)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當汽車減速(su)或剎車時(shi)(shi)，還應設計“回授性(xing)(xing)制動(dong)裝置(zhi)”，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)量通過控(kong)制器，將(jiang)(jiang)發動(dong)機變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，反向(xiang)進入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行儲(chu)存。用互補式不(bu)間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，改變嚴重(zhong)依賴天氣的(de)缺陷，完(wan)善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光(guang)強與負載(zai)。太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏電池(chi)是一種光(guang)電轉(zhuan)換裝置，其輸(shu)出功率的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)取(qu)決(jue)于光(guang)照的(de)(de)強度，要拼裝多大(da)(da)的(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)伏電池(chi)組件主要取(qu)決(jue)于能(neng)夠接(jie)受光(guang)照的(de)(de)強度及所用負載(zai)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組(zu)的(de)容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可以由蓄(xu)電池向負載供電，為了減輕系統重(zhong)要(yao)，最好選用高比能(neng)量的(de)蓄(xu)電池。

三是機械(xie)強。考(kao)(kao)慮到電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的整個(ge)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)都是在(zai)運動和運行(xing)中使(shi)用，必須考(kao)(kao)慮系(xi)統(tong)的機械(xie)強度，耐(nai)腐蝕性，耐(nai)氣候變化(hua)等(deng)各種因(yin)素(su)。太陽能光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池組陣(zhen)列(lie)應(ying)采(cai)取(qu)高強度鋼(gang)化(hua)玻璃外殼，支架系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)采(cai)用高強度材(cai)料。使(shi)整個(ge)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具有便于運行(xing)、重量輕(qing)、效率高、可靠性好、造(zao)價低等(deng)優勢。

太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)是將(jiang)太陽能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉變(bian)為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，是因(yin)為光子(zi)在日光下產(chan)(chan)(chan)生能(neng)(neng)量(liang)帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)從一(yi)(yi)個(ge)半運動(dong)的(de)金屬(shu)粒(li)子(zi)的(de)一(yi)(yi)層轉移到(dao)另一(yi)(yi)層面，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)運動(dong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生了通(tong)用的(de)電(dian)(dian)力。太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)可以由光電(dian)(dian)轉化率、能(neng)(neng)量(liang)比大(da)小來選擇。由于許多(duo)獨(du)立的(de)硅片被組合，形成龐大(da)的(de)太陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)陣列，并產(chan)(chan)(chan)生能(neng)(neng)夠電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而(er)這種電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)還必須達到(dao)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓、高(gao)功率的(de)程度，這就要(yao)(yao)有(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)系(xi)統-電(dian)(dian)力控制系(xi)統。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)心臟(zang)部(bu)位就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其(qi)(qi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，而運行(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)基本上(shang)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機來(lai)組成(cheng)。而在太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車上(shang)其(qi)(qi)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)不僅僅控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)動源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)），還(huan)要增加太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列的(de)控(kong)制功能(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所供應(ying)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組飽(bao)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本相同，可以直接(jie)耦合，在太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)功率充(chong)足(zu)時，多余的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量進入(ru)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率不足(zu)時由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅(qu)動的(de)任務。這些，必須由控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)來(lai)完(wan)成(cheng)。控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)就是對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)進行(xing)控(kong)制和(he)保護，這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)保證對整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動源系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)及其(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)驅(qu)動。最簡(jian)單的(de)控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)也應(ying)該(gai)起到以下三個方面(mian)的(de)作用：

一(yi)是按照使用要求給出穩定的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流；

二是蓄電(dian)池過充電(dian)或(huo)過放(fang)電(dian)時可以報(bao)警(jing)或(huo)自動切斷電(dian)路；

三是負載(zai)發(fa)生短路時(shi)可以(yi)自動切(qie)斷電源(yuan)電路。

控(kong)制系(xi)統是控(kong)制太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)陣列板對(dui)(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)以及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)對(dui)(dui)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的放電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，實現對(dui)(dui)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的科學管(guan)理，指示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)等運(yun)行狀態(tai)，具有(you)(you)兩路負(fu)載(zai)(zai)輸出(chu)的管(guan)理，或兩路負(fu)載(zai)(zai)可以隨意設置為(wei)同時(shi)(shi)工(gong)作、分時(shi)(shi)工(gong)作或單(dan)獨工(gong)作等模(mo)式，同時(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)過(guo)流、短(duan)路保護功能(neng)(neng)(neng)，具有(you)(you)較(jiao)高(gao)的自動(dong)化和(he)(he)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化水平(ping)。其硬件結構(gou)主要由(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集電(dian)(dian)路、負(fu)載(zai)(zai)輸出(chu)控(kong)制與檢測電(dian)(dian)路、指示或顯(xian)示電(dian)(dian)路及鍵盤電(dian)(dian)路等部分組(zu)成。電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集電(dian)(dian)路包(bao)括太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板和(he)(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采集，用于太陽(yang)(yang)光線強弱的識別以及蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的獲(huo)取等。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統利用(yong)子系統的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功能對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理時，若太陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器將關(guan)斷負(fu)載(zai)，以保(bao)(bao)證負(fu)載(zai)不被損(sun)傷，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時自動(dong)關(guan)斷對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)掉至維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進入(ru)浮充(chong)(chong)狀態，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低于(yu)(yu)維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時，啟動(dong)的應當是均充(chong)(chong)狀態。當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)時，控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統應當自動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)負(fu)載(zai)開關(guan)，以保(bao)(bao)護(hu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不受損(sun)壞。在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負(fu)載(zai)關(guan)閉(bi)后，有(you)兩路(lu)(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可選(xuan)擇(ze)使(shi)用(yong)，在(zai)太陽(yang)光照較強時自動(dong)啟動(dong)太陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使(shi)其發揮更大功效，或使(shi)用(yong)外充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進行(xing)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)的軟件設計(ji)與(yu)硬(ying)件電(dian)(dian)路是(shi)相對(dui)應的，包括有主程序(xu)、定時中斷(duan)程序(xu)、A/D轉換(huan)子(zi)程序(xu)、外(wai)部轉換(huan)子(zi)程序(xu)及鍵盤處理(li)子(zi)程序(xu)、充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)管理(li)子(zi)程序(xu)、負載管理(li)子(zi)程序(xu)等。作(zuo)為太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的“心臟(zang)”——電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)，不僅(jin)僅(jin)需(xu)要具備(bei)基本(ben)的電(dian)(dian)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功能(neng)，還(huan)(huan)(huan)要能(neng)體現(xian)(xian)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念，也就是(shi)達到“一體化(hua)”控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)“智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)”的控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)能(neng)力，在基本(ben)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)基礎(chu)上(shang)，“智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)”的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)統(tong)是(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)為控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中心，增加了以(yi)鍵盤輸入、遙控(kong)及液(ye)晶顯示組成的人工界面(mian)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，還(huan)(huan)(huan)增加了以(yi)安全(quan)報警(jing)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，在內部控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法還(huan)(huan)(huan)可采取模(mo)糊控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)其它智(zhi)能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法實(shi)現(xian)(xian)，此外(wai)還(huan)(huan)(huan)可以(yi)使用(yong)預留可擴展(zhan)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai).

太陽能電動(dong)車充(chong)電器介紹

太陽(yang)能電動車的蓄(xu)(xu)電池組(zu)，要根據光伏電池組(zu)件的發電容量來合理選擇(ze)蓄(xu)(xu)電池組(zu)的容量，以便在陰雨天(tian)及晚上可以由蓄(xu)(xu)電池組(zu)向負載供(gong)電。那么具體選擇(ze)何種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電池，不(bu)能不(bu)做各種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電池性能的綜合分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發經(jing)歷是從鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)歷了(le)(le)100余年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，在(zai)人們研發了(le)(le)鎳(nie)氫動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及繼而(er)又研發了(le)(le)鋰(li)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之后，便(bian)被業(ye)內猜(cai)測該退出歷史舞臺了(le)(le)。然(ran)而(er)，鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍然(ran)是大量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系列(lie)。鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作為(wei)比(bi)較成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術雖然(ran)比(bi)能(neng)量、比(bi)功率和能(neng)量密度(du)都比(bi)較低，但(dan)是高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性價比(bi)及高倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)唯一(yi)能(neng)大批量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其主要應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于大量進入市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車。但(dan)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)尚存在(zai)續駛里程短，使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命差、及體(ti)積大、質量重、不(bu)環保等缺點，不(bu)僅(jin)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)上(shang)受到(dao)阻礙(ai)，想(xiang)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)范疇應(ying)用(yong)(yong)其難度(du)是可(ke)想(xiang)而(er)知的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)鋰離子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)出(chu)現(xian)以前(qian)，曾在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車上(shang)廣泛(fan)試用(yong)(yong)，其比能量達到75~80Wh/kg，比功率達160~230w/kg，循環(huan)使用(yong)(yong)壽命超(chao)過600次。由于鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)安全性(xing)方(fang)面較有優勢，所以在(zai)混(hun)合動力汽車的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)面已(yi)經達到趨于成熟(shu)的境(jing)界。應(ying)用(yong)(yong)比較好的汽車廠商(shang)如日本豐田(tian)、美國通用(yong)(yong)等公司。但鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)價格上(shang)遠高(gao)于鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，以及能量密度低于鋰離子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，所以，難以成為(wei)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的首選蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通過太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板給予充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)（在(zai)光照不足(zu)時也可以(yi)通過外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了最大(da)限度地降低(di)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)，方(fang)便(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行，選擇(ze)大(da)容量(liang)高倍(bei)(bei)(bei)率蓄能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，是太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳選擇(ze)。雖(sui)然鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本相(xiang)比(bi)有(you)所增加，但在(zai)相(xiang)同容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)采用鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)減輕4倍(bei)(bei)(bei)以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)，因為鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)、循(xun)環壽命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率及環保諸多(duo)方(fang)面都(dou)具有(you)優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)可達150Wh/kg，是鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)(bei)以(yi)上，鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)(bei)以(yi)上。由于比(bi)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)是鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)分之一(yi)，從這個角度分析鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對能(neng)(neng)量(liang)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)源就少。由于鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所用元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)量(liang)比(bi)較多(duo)，資(zi)源較豐(feng)富(fu)，因此，鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可能(neng)(neng)會進(jin)一(yi)步漲價，鋰(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本反而會進(jin)一(yi)步降低(di)。

太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源系統(tong)采用(yong)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減輕(qing)重(zhong)量，提高整個系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)便性能(neng)。另(ling)外它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位(wei)體(ti)積(ji)能(neng)量很大，高達400Wh/L，相(xiang)同容量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積(ji)是(shi)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之一(yi)到四分之一(yi)，為(wei)進行輕(qing)巧、靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)要求提供了(le)更(geng)為(wei)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)空間(jian)。另(ling)外鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命長(chang)，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次數可(ke)(ke)(ke)達1500次以(yi)(yi)上。作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)如果有好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管(guan)理系統(tong)，在(zai)(zai)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)達到均衡(heng)程度(du)，仍然可(ke)(ke)(ke)達1000次以(yi)(yi)上。因(yin)為(wei)太陽(yang)能(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)常常可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)浮充或(huo)淺放(fang)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)壽命不(bu)(bu)(bu)會像純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)那(nei)樣短(duan)。鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一(yi)個優點(dian)是(shi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低(di)，這在(zai)(zai)連續(xu)陰天和在(zai)(zai)夜間(jian)蓄(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都有相(xiang)當(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好處，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量保持60%~80%計(ji)算，使(shi)用(yong)年(nian)限(xian)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)低(di)于(yu)3~5年(nian)，壽命相(xiang)當(dang)于(yu)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍左右。由于(yu)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)含鉛(qian)(qian)和鎘(ge)等重(zhong)金屬，被業內稱為(wei)綠(lv)色(se)環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨(sui)著(zhu)我(wo)國鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高，特別在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)、管(guan)理、控制(zhi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破(po)并會不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)提高水平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命也會越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長(chang)，性價比(bi)也會越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有優勢，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)也會越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣(guang)泛。鋰(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)型蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上、純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上，和燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)，還會在(zai)(zai)航(hang)空、航(hang)海等領域得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能所(suo)在就是驅動(dong)。太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也在于(yu)(yu)(yu)此。無(wu)論采用何(he)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也在于(yu)(yu)(yu)此。無(wu)論采用何(he)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機負載，其設計和(he)使(shi)用目(mu)標都(dou)是為(wei)滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)行駛需要。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機有良好的(de)(de)(de)調整性(xing)能，早期開(kai)(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)大多采用了直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。近代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術和(he)控制技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、永磁(ci)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、開(kai)(kai)關阻磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)應用范(fan)圍逐(zhu)步擴大、性(xing)能越來越完(wan)善，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)所(suo)用的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機也由這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機所(suo)取代。總的(de)(de)(de)趨勢是交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機將(jiang)取代直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。

大多(duo)數太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)雙線圈交流無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)交流無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)是(shi)輕質(zhi)材料制造，非常(chang)適合于(yu)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，在額定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每(mei)秒轉速）達到(dao)99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。這(zhe)(zhe)比以前(qian)使用(yong)(yong)直接引(yin)導式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)要先(xian)(xian)進。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)也稱其為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)系統(tong)還有(you)選用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變速器、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)軸(zhou)、后橋和(he)(he)半軸(zhou)等部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)通過鏈條和(he)(he)履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)同一(yi)個單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，與(yu)車(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引(yin)導式(shi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)要比機(ji)(ji)械驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)先(xian)(xian)進了(le)(le)一(yi)步。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還使用(yong)(yong)變頻履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)動(dong)力(li)(li)(li)給車(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)，但這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)變頻履(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)需(xu)要精(jing)確地安裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)。2013年(nian)，太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)多(duo)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)已經被(bei)淘汰，雙線圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。在雙線圈之間轉換改變了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度，低速線圈能為(wei)太陽能汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)和(he)(he)減速提供(gong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉力(li)(li)(li)矩，而高(gao)(gao)(gao)速線圈則為(wei)汽車(che)(che)運行(xing)提供(gong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。特別在軸(zhou)式(shi)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)設(she)計中，一(yi)個軸(zhou)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)去除了(le)(le)許多(duo)外加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)設(she)備，這(zhe)(zhe)大大提高(gao)(gao)(gao)了(le)(le)駕駛車(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)，縮(suo)減了(le)(le)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)車(che)(che)輪(lun)而需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)形成(cheng)獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，使結構更加(jia)緊(jin)湊，是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模(mo)式(shi)。而(er)輪式(shi)電(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)，是(shi)將電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直接(jie)裝在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)車輪里，用來直接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪。這種(zhong)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)不但提高了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率，不占電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)本身和底(di)盤空(kong)間，而(er)且減少了車輛的(de)(de)(de)(de)懸掛重(zhong)量，截止(zhi)2013年，所有電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車主要采取的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計方案(an)。輪式(shi)電(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)可以兩輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也(ye)可以設計四(si)輪驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)太陽能電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計中應該是(shi)最佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方案(an)。