太陽(yang)能電動(dong)車怎(zen)么樣

太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)可再(zai)生(sheng)、可持(chi)續性發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)戰(zhan)略能(neng)(neng)(neng)源。當華爾街風暴席卷全球時，各先進技術國家(jia)無不在新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源領域下賭注、投資(zi)本，以(yi)期獲得經濟(ji)復興。特別(bie)是(shi)以(yi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)產業(ye)為經濟(ji)支柱(zhu)的(de)(de)國家(jia)，尤(you)其在新能(neng)(neng)(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)(che)動(dong)力(li)上力(li)圖(tu)有所創(chuang)新和發(fa)展(zhan)，如在電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)、燃(ran)料電(dian)池汽(qi)車(che)(che)領域紛紛投入(ru)巨資(zi)，而在太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)汽(qi)車(che)(che)領域更(geng)是(shi)探索不止(zhi)，力(li)度加大(da)。由于太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)各種(zhong)可再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源中最重要的(de)(de)基(ji)本能(neng)(neng)(neng)源，通(tong)過(guo)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)把太(tai)(tai)陽輻(fu)射能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換成電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用(yong)，屬(shu)于太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)發(fa)電(dian)技術。光(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)通(tong)常(chang)是(shi)利用(yong)半導體器件的(de)(de)光(guang)伏(fu)效應原理進行光(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)換的(de)(de)，因此也(ye)稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)技術，又稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池。

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據報道，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)光伏技術(shu)(shu)不僅在先(xian)進技術(shu)(shu)國(guo)家得到快速(su)發展，中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)產業也(ye)以每年20%~30%的(de)(de)速(su)度(du)增(zeng)長。到2020年，太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)領(ling)(ling)域的(de)(de)銷售額將增(zeng)加一倍，屆時中(zhong)國(guo)將有1%的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源消耗來(lai)自太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)。今后(hou)幾(ji)年，我國(guo)太陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)使用不僅在能(neng)(neng)源領(ling)(ling)域會獲得飛速(su)發展，在汽車領(ling)(ling)域的(de)(de)應用也(ye)會得到不斷的(de)(de)提(ti)高(gao)。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結構(gou)具有輕(qing)、小(xiao)、巧、美四(si)大(da)特性。車型輕(qing)，能大(da)幅(fu)度減輕(qing)能源的消耗，降低成本；車身(shen)小(xiao)，可在城市中心地帶穿街走(zou)巷行(xing)駛（不(bu)超(chao)過兩人并排騎(qi)自行(xing)車占(zhan)用(yong)的道路面積），增加道路流量，改(gai)善交通(tong)狀況；結構(gou)設(she)計巧妙、實用(yong)、緊湊、堅固、耐用(yong)；流線型外觀，造型美觀大(da)方。

2、以(yi)光、電代替油，可節約有(you)限(xian)的(de)石油資源。白天，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電池把光能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換(huan)為電能(neng)(neng)(neng)自動(dong)存儲在(zai)動(dong)力(li)電池中。在(zai)晚間或陰雨天，可以(yi)利用家用交流電（220V）進行充電，確保車輛(liang)照常行駛。

3、節能(neng)，本發(fa)(fa)明的(de)太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)，耗能(neng)少，只需采用3-4平米(mi)的(de)太陽能(neng)電(dian)池組(zu)件便可行駛起來。燃油(you)汽車(che)在能(neng)量轉換過程中要(yao)遵守卡(ka)諾循(xun)環的(de)規(gui)律來做(zuo)功，熱效率(lv)比(bi)較低(di)，約為12%-15%，只有1/3左右(you)的(de)能(neng)量用在推動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前進(jin)上(shang)(shang)，其余2/3左右(you)的(de)能(neng)量損失在發(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)機和驅動(dong)(dong)鏈上(shang)(shang)；而太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)能(neng)量轉換不(bu)受卡(ka)諾循(xun)環規(gui)律的(de)限制，熱效率(lv)要(yao)高得(de)多(duo)，可達到34%-40%，90%的(de)能(neng)量用于推動(dong)(dong)車(che)輛(liang)前進(jin)。

4、高度重(zhong)視安(an)(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)，將主(zhu)動安(an)(an)全(quan)性(xing)列為重(zhong)要問題(ti)(ti)考慮，在車身的前部特別設(she)計(ji)內保險結(jie)構，保障駕(jia)駛員的生命安(an)(an)全(quan)，每個座(zuo)位(wei)上都設(she)有三點式安(an)(an)全(quan)帶、座(zuo)椅(yi)頭枕(zhen)。另外，前后(hou)保險杠、高位(wei)剎車燈、轉(zhuan)向燈、前大(da)燈、尾燈、后(hou)視鏡(jing)、安(an)(an)全(quan)擋(dang)風玻(bo)璃、雨刮(gua)器等配置一(yi)應俱全(quan)，而且還可以選裝(zhuang)兒童安(an)(an)全(quan)座(zuo)椅(yi)等選配裝(zhuang)置。

5、作(zuo)為一種(zhong)低速(su)車，其設計、生產(chan)和安(an)全標(biao)準與(yu)傳(chuan)統轎車相比毫(hao)不(bu)遜色。前后(hou)均(jun)有獨立懸掛，四輪(lun)鼓式制動，采用創新前橋(qiao)和傳(chuan)向系統，30km/h速(su)度到停止的(de)剎車距離不(bu)超過(guo)7.3米。

6、無污(wu)染(ran)。因為不用燃油，本車不會排(pai)放(fang)污(wu)染(ran)大氣的有害氣體。

7、無噪音。沒(mei)有內燃(ran)(ran)機，行駛(shi)時不會聽到燃(ran)(ran)油汽車(che)的轟鳴聲。

8、使(shi)用(yong)費(fei)用(yong)低廉。車上配有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)和充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)，有兩路電(dian)源(yuan)可向動力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)。有太陽光(guang)時，太陽能電(dian)池(chi)組件通過充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)控制(zhi)器(qi)向動力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)駛成本(ben)為零；無太陽光(guang)時，隨時隨地都(dou)能用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)源(yuan)，通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)器(qi)向動力電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，公(gong)里(li)(li)行(xing)(xing)駛成本(ben)為3分錢(qian)。

9、易駕駛(shi)。無需(xu)電子點火，只需(xu)踩踏加速板便可啟動，利用控制器控制車速，勿需(xu)換檔、踩離合器，簡化了駕駛(shi)的復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)，避(bi)免了因操(cao)作失誤而造成的事故隱患，安全性(xing)高。特別適合婦女(nv)和老年人駕駛(shi)。

10、方便。由于車(che)(che)身(shen)結(jie)構簡(jian)單，除了(le)定期更(geng)(geng)換(huan)動力電池外，基本(ben)不需日常保養，省卻(que)了(le)傳統汽車(che)(che)必須經常更(geng)(geng)換(huan)機油、添(tian)加冷卻(que)水(shui)等定期養護的煩(fan)惱。小(xiao)巧玲瓏(long)的車(che)(che)身(shen)，可以輕而易舉地將車(che)(che)泊入擁擠不堪的都(dou)市停車(che)(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)最(zui)大優(you)勢是環保、節能、安全、經濟(ji)，批量(liang)生產的(de)成本將控制在人民幣5-6千元左右，其市場目(mu)標鎖定在普(pu)通百姓家庭(ting)，將成為中國老百姓買得(de)起(qi)、用(yong)得(de)起(qi)、開得(de)動的(de)物美(mei)價(jia)廉的(de)交通工具(ju)產品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為48V配置的電(dian)(dian)動車(che)野外或行(xing)駛途中補充電(dian)(dian)源。

2、太陽能充電器可(ke)以(yi)實現一(yi)邊(bian)行(xing)駛、一(yi)邊(bian)充電，幫助電動車(che)增加行(xing)程(cheng)達50%以(yi)上。

3、太陽能充(chong)電器，既增強電動車行駛、 爬坡的動力(li)，又減輕電機的負(fu)載磨損。

4、太陽能充(chong)(chong)電器及時(shi)(shi)對放電狀態(tai)下(xia)的(de)電動(dong)車(che)蓄電池(chi)(chi)補充(chong)(chong)電量，對于減輕蓄電池(chi)(chi)極(ji)板硫(liu)化，延長蓄電池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命效果顯著(zhu)。同時(shi)(shi)又能長期節省電費開(kai)支，是降低(di)電動(dong)車(che)的(de)使(shi)用成本的(de)好幫手。

5、太陽能(neng)充電器安裝方便，美觀適(shi)用，節能(neng)環(huan)保。

6、本(ben)產品使用(yong)壽命可達12年左右，應用(yong)價值(zhi)很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動車因具所選擇(ze)的元件不同，布置方(fang)案也有(you)所不同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方式容易實現，操(cao)作和控制簡(jian)單。但能量損耗較高、噪聲較大、整(zheng)車質量較重(zhong)、行駛速(su)度較低、續(xu)駛里程較短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式(shi)便于布置(zhi)、較(jiao)易驅動、質量輕、噪聲小(xiao)。但控制相對復雜(za)，并有一定(ding)的能(neng)量損(sun)耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅(qu)動方式動力傳動系(xi)元件(jian)最少、結(jie)構最簡(jian)單、噪聲最低(di)、車(che)重最輕、可控性好(hao)，但造(zao)價(jia)高，控制成為關(guan)鍵(jian)問題。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤器2被直接傳送(song)到電(dian)機控制器中，驅(qu)動電(dian)機5旋(xuan)轉，使車(che)輛行駛。剩余電(dian)量(liang)由(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)儲(chu)存起來，以便太陽電(dian)池(chi)板(ban)電(dian)量(liang)不足或陰雨(yu)天氣時驅(qu)動電(dian)機。這(zhe)一過程由(you)控制器控制。車(che)輛的啟動、加速、轉向(xiang)、制動由(you)駕駛員操縱。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)對光(guang)(guang)(guang)有響應并能(neng)(neng)將(jiang)光(guang)(guang)(guang)轉換(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)器(qi)件裝置(zhi)。能(neng)(neng)產生光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應的(de)材料(liao)有許(xu)多種(zhong)，如單晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、多晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、非晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、砷化鎵、硒銦銅等，它(ta)們的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原理基本相同。以晶體為例：P型晶體硅(gui)(gui)(gui)經過(guo)摻(chan)雜磷可(ke)得N型硅(gui)(gui)(gui)，形成(cheng)P-N結。當光(guang)(guang)(guang)線照(zhao)射太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池陣列(lie)板的(de)表面時(shi)(shi)，一(yi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)被硅(gui)(gui)(gui)材料(liao)吸收(shou)，光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量傳遞給了(le)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)原子(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)產生了(le)躍(yue)遷，成(cheng)為自(zi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，在P-N結兩側集驟形成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)差，當外部(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)接通時(shi)(shi)，在該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)作用(yong)下，將(jiang)會有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)外部(bu)(bu)(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，從而(er)產生一(yi)定(ding)的(de)輸出功率。這個過(guo)程的(de)實質是(shi)：光(guang)(guang)(guang)子(zi)能(neng)(neng)量轉換(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)過(guo)程。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)陣列(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池板是(shi)由光(guang)(guang)(guang)敏半導體材料(liao)制成(cheng)的(de)，大(da)多使用(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)化合(he)物。

根據所用材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的不同，太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板可分(fen)為(wei)(wei)：硅太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；以(yi)無機鹽如砷化(hua)鎵III-V化(hua)合物、硫(liu)化(hua)鎘、硒銦(yin)銅等多元化(hua)合物為(wei)(wei)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；功能(neng)(neng)高(gao)分(fen)子材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)制備的太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；和納米(mi)晶太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。不論以(yi)何種材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)來制作電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般的要(yao)求有(you)：半導體材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)的禁帶不能(neng)(neng)太寬；要(yao)有(you)較高(gao)的光電(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率；材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)本身對環境不造成污染；材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)便于(yu)工業化(hua)生產(chan)且材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)性能(neng)(neng)穩定。基(ji)于(yu)以(yi)上(shang)幾個(ge)方(fang)面考慮，硅是(shi)最理想的太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)，這也是(shi)太陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板以(yi)硅材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)的主(zhu)要(yao)原因。

太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)(jian)是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)核心部(bu)分，也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能供(gong)電(dian)(dian)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)價值最高的(de)(de)(de)部(bu)分。其作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)輻射能量轉換為電(dian)(dian)能，或(huo)送往蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)存儲(chu)起(qi)來，或(huo)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)負載工作(zuo)。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能組件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成本將(jiang)(jiang)直(zhi)接決定整個系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成本。太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能控制(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)管理(li)和控制(zhi)(zhi)整個系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態，并對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池起(qi)到充電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)、過放電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，與純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源控制(zhi)(zhi)管理(li)系統(tong)(tong)具(ju)有(you)相同的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)溫差(cha)較大的(de)(de)(de)地方，合格的(de)(de)(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)器還應具(ju)備溫度(du)補償的(de)(de)(de)功能。其它(ta)附加功能如光控、時控等應當都(dou)是(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)器的(de)(de)(de)可選項。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)在(zai)有(you)光照時將(jiang)(jiang)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池組件(jian)(jian)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能儲(chu)存起(qi)來，到需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)時候再(zai)釋(shi)放出來。

太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)由單(dan)個光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)拼接組(zu)成，或由折(zhe)疊(die)式支架拼接組(zu)成陣(zhen)列(lie)。因為(wei)單(dan)個光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（如硅(gui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太低，所以都要把(ba)它(ta)們串(chuan)、并(bing)聯構成有實用(yong)價值的光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)(ban)，陣(zhen)列(lie)成一個應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)單(dan)元(yuan)，然后根據(ju)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再由多個應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)單(dan)元(yuan)的串(chuan)、并(bing)聯組(zu)成整個太陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)(ban)的供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件(jian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)是(shi)(shi)太陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的儲(chu)能裝置，在(zai)夜(ye)間或光照不足及負載(zai)消耗超出光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)時，由蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)向(xiang)負載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了減(jian)輕整個系統(tong)的重量(liang)(liang)，應(ying)(ying)(ying)采用(yong)高能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與燃(ran)油(you)汽(qi)車(che)在動(dong)力結構上有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，但與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)結構卻有許(xu)多相(xiang)同(tong)之處。所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)必(bi)須依(yi)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，而(er)(er)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置來自于太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)，而(er)(er)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)不(bu)必(bi)背負巨大的(de)(de)(de)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板。當(dang)(dang)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控(kong)制裝置和(he)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置連(lian)接(jie)后，再由(you)另一(yi)端(duan)連(lian)接(jie)負載(zai)(zai)，負載(zai)(zai)就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機（驅動(dong)裝置）。一(yi)般在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)運行(xing)時(shi)，被轉換的(de)(de)(de)太陽光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制裝置直運送到負載(zai)(zai)，而(er)(er)在停駛或(huo)太陽光(guang)(guang)足時(shi)，剩余部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)儲(chu)存(cun)起來，當(dang)(dang)太陽光(guang)(guang)不(bu)足時(shi)，由(you)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同(tong)時(shi)向負載(zai)(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)(dang)汽(qi)車(che)減速或(huo)剎車(che)時(shi)，還應設計“回授性(xing)制動(dong)裝置”，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制器，將(jiang)發動(dong)機變(bian)成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，反向進(jin)入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)儲(chu)存(cun)。用(yong)互(hu)補式(shi)不(bu)間斷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，改(gai)變(bian)嚴重依(yi)賴天氣的(de)(de)(de)缺陷(xian)，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光強與負載(zai)。太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)是一種光電(dian)轉換裝置(zhi)，其輸出(chu)功率的(de)(de)大(da)小取決于光照(zhao)的(de)(de)強度，要拼裝多大(da)的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)組件主要取決于能夠(gou)接受光照(zhao)的(de)(de)強度及所(suo)用(yong)負載(zai)的(de)(de)大(da)小。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組(zu)的容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可(ke)以由蓄電(dian)池向負(fu)載供電(dian)，為了減輕(qing)系統(tong)重(zhong)要，最好選用高比能量的蓄電(dian)池。

三是(shi)機械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)。考慮(lv)到(dao)電(dian)動(dong)汽車的整(zheng)個供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)都是(shi)在(zai)運(yun)動(dong)和運(yun)行中使(shi)用，必須考慮(lv)系統(tong)的機械(xie)強(qiang)(qiang)度，耐(nai)腐蝕性，耐(nai)氣候變化(hua)等(deng)各種因素。太(tai)陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)池組陣(zhen)列應(ying)采(cai)取高強(qiang)(qiang)度鋼化(hua)玻璃外殼，支架系統(tong)應(ying)采(cai)用高強(qiang)(qiang)度材料(liao)。使(shi)整(zheng)個供(gong)電(dian)系統(tong)具有便(bian)于運(yun)行、重(zhong)量輕、效率高、可(ke)靠性好、造價低(di)等(deng)優(you)勢。

太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)是將太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉變為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，是因為光(guang)(guang)子在日光(guang)(guang)下(xia)產生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)子從(cong)一個(ge)半運動(dong)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)粒子的(de)(de)一層轉移到另一層面，電(dian)(dian)子的(de)(de)運動(dong)產生(sheng)了通用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力。太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)可以由(you)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)轉化率、能(neng)(neng)(neng)量比大小(xiao)來選擇。由(you)于許多(duo)獨立(li)的(de)(de)硅片(pian)被組(zu)合，形成龐大的(de)(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏陣列，并(bing)產生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車驅動(dong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，而這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量還必須(xu)達(da)到高電(dian)(dian)壓、高功率的(de)(de)程(cheng)度，這(zhe)就要有一個(ge)重要的(de)(de)系(xi)統-電(dian)(dian)力控制系(xi)統。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)心臟(zang)部位就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及(ji)其蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，而運行(xing)系統(tong)基本上是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機來(lai)組成(cheng)。而在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)不僅僅控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)），還要(yao)增加(jia)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所供應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組飽(bao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基本相同，可(ke)以直接(jie)耦合，在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能功(gong)率(lv)充足時(shi)，多余的(de)(de)能量進(jin)入儲能的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)率(lv)不足時(shi)由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅動(dong)的(de)(de)任(ren)務。這些，必(bi)須由控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)來(lai)完成(cheng)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)功(gong)能就是(shi)對(dui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程進(jin)行(xing)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和保護，這樣才(cai)能保證對(dui)整(zheng)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源系統(tong)的(de)(de)正常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)其對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)驅動(dong)。最(zui)簡單的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)也應(ying)(ying)該起到以下三個方面的(de)(de)作(zuo)用：

一是(shi)按照使用(yong)要(yao)求給出穩(wen)定的電壓、電流(liu)；

二是(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)池過(guo)充電(dian)或(huo)過(guo)放電(dian)時可以報警或(huo)自動切斷電(dian)路；

三(san)是負(fu)載發(fa)生短(duan)路時可以自動(dong)切斷電源電路。

控制系統是控制太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)板對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對負(fu)載(zai)的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，實現(xian)對太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的科學(xue)管理，指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過壓(ya)、欠壓(ya)等(deng)運行狀態，具(ju)有兩路(lu)負(fu)載(zai)輸出(chu)的管理，或(huo)兩路(lu)負(fu)載(zai)可(ke)以隨(sui)意設置為同(tong)時工(gong)作(zuo)、分(fen)(fen)時工(gong)作(zuo)或(huo)單獨工(gong)作(zuo)等(deng)模(mo)式，同(tong)時具(ju)有負(fu)載(zai)過流、短路(lu)保護功能，具(ju)有較高的自動(dong)化和智(zhi)能化水平。其硬件結構(gou)主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、負(fu)載(zai)輸出(chu)控制與檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、指(zhi)示(shi)(shi)或(huo)顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及鍵盤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)部分(fen)(fen)組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)采(cai)(cai)集(ji)，用(yong)于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)光線(xian)強弱的識別以及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的獲取等(deng)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源(yuan)控(kong)制系統(tong)(tong)利用子(zi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)控(kong)制功能(neng)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理時(shi)，若(ruo)太陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)，控(kong)制器將(jiang)關(guan)斷(duan)負載(zai)(zai)，以(yi)保證負載(zai)(zai)不被(bei)損(sun)傷(shang)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)自(zi)動關(guan)斷(duan)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)掉(diao)至維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)入浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態，當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)低于(yu)(yu)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，啟動的(de)應當是均充(chong)(chong)(chong)狀態。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低于(yu)(yu)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，控(kong)制系統(tong)(tong)應當自(zi)動關(guan)閉負載(zai)(zai)開(kai)關(guan)，以(yi)保護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不受(shou)損(sun)壞(huai)。在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負載(zai)(zai)關(guan)閉后，有(you)兩路充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選(xuan)擇使(shi)用，在(zai)太陽光(guang)(guang)照較(jiao)強時(shi)自(zi)動啟動太陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其發揮更大功效，或使(shi)用外充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進(jin)行快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)軟件設計與(yu)硬(ying)件電(dian)(dian)路是(shi)相對應的(de)(de)(de)，包括(kuo)有主程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、定時中(zhong)斷程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、A/D轉(zhuan)換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、外(wai)部轉(zhuan)換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)及鍵盤處理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)管(guan)理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、負載管(guan)理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)等。作為(wei)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)“心臟”——電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)，不僅(jin)僅(jin)需要(yao)具備基(ji)(ji)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，還(huan)要(yao)能(neng)(neng)體(ti)現現代控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)念，也就是(shi)達(da)到“一體(ti)化(hua)”控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)實現“智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管(guan)理(li)能(neng)(neng)力(li)，在(zai)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)基(ji)(ji)礎上，“智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)”的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)是(shi)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)模塊(kuai)為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心，增(zeng)加了以(yi)鍵盤輸入、遙控(kong)(kong)及液晶顯示組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工界面(mian)模塊(kuai)，還(huan)增(zeng)加了以(yi)安全報警(jing)模塊(kuai)，在(zai)內部控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法還(huan)可(ke)采取模糊控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或其它(ta)智能(neng)(neng)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法實現，此外(wai)還(huan)可(ke)以(yi)使用預留(liu)可(ke)擴展模塊(kuai).

太陽能電動車充電器介(jie)紹

太陽能(neng)電(dian)動車的蓄電(dian)池(chi)組，要(yao)根據光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)組件的發電(dian)容(rong)量來合理(li)選(xuan)擇蓄電(dian)池(chi)組的容(rong)量，以便在陰(yin)雨天及晚上可以由蓄電(dian)池(chi)組向負載(zai)供電(dian)。那么具體選(xuan)擇何(he)種(zhong)(zhong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，不(bu)能(neng)不(bu)做各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)蓄電(dian)池(chi)性能(neng)的綜合分(fen)析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)經(jing)歷(li)(li)是(shi)從鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開始的(de)(de)，鉛(qian)酸動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)歷(li)(li)了(le)100余年的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)人們研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)鎳氫動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及繼而又研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)了(le)鋰動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之后(hou)，便被業內猜測該(gai)退(tui)出歷(li)(li)史舞臺了(le)。然(ran)(ran)而，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍然(ran)(ran)是(shi)大量(liang)生產的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系列。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)比(bi)較成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術雖然(ran)(ran)比(bi)能(neng)量(liang)、比(bi)功率和能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)都比(bi)較低(di)，但(dan)是(shi)高的(de)(de)性價比(bi)及高倍率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)(ran)成(cheng)為(wei)唯一(yi)能(neng)大批(pi)量(liang)生產的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)主(zhu)要應用(yong)(yong)于大量(liang)進入(ru)市(shi)場的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車。但(dan)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)尚存在(zai)(zai)續駛里程短，使用(yong)(yong)壽命差(cha)、及體積大、質量(liang)重、不環保等缺點，不僅在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)上受到阻礙，想成(cheng)為(wei)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車上的(de)(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)范疇應用(yong)(yong)其(qi)難度(du)是(shi)可想而知(zhi)的(de)(de)。

鎳氫(qing)蓄電池(chi)在(zai)鋰(li)離(li)子蓄電池(chi)出(chu)現以(yi)(yi)前，曾在(zai)電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車上廣泛試用(yong)，其比(bi)能量(liang)達(da)到75~80Wh/kg，比(bi)功率達(da)160~230w/kg，循環使(shi)用(yong)壽命超過600次。由于鎳氫(qing)蓄電池(chi)在(zai)安全性(xing)方面較(jiao)有優勢，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)混合(he)動(dong)力汽(qi)(qi)車的應用(yong)方面已經達(da)到趨于成(cheng)熟的境界。應用(yong)比(bi)較(jiao)好(hao)的汽(qi)(qi)車廠商如(ru)日本(ben)豐田、美國通用(yong)等公司(si)。但鎳氫(qing)電池(chi)在(zai)價(jia)格上遠高于鉛酸蓄電池(chi)，以(yi)(yi)及能量(liang)密度低于鋰(li)離(li)子蓄電池(chi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)，難以(yi)(yi)成(cheng)為太陽能電動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車的首選蓄電池(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通(tong)過太陽能(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板給予充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)（在(zai)(zai)(zai)光照(zhao)不(bu)足時也可(ke)以通(tong)過外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了最大限度(du)地降低整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行，選(xuan)擇(ze)大容(rong)量(liang)高倍(bei)(bei)率蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，是太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳選(xuan)擇(ze)。雖(sui)然(ran)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)與鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)有所(suo)增加，但在(zai)(zai)(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)(bi)采用鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)減(jian)輕4倍(bei)(bei)以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)量(liang)，因為鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)量(liang)、循環壽(shou)命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率及環保諸多(duo)方面都(dou)具有優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)量(liang)可(ke)達(da)150Wh/kg，是鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)以上，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)以上。由于(yu)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)量(liang)是鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四分(fen)之一，從(cong)這個角度(du)分(fen)析鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對能(neng)量(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)資源就少。由于(yu)鋰(li)離子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所(suo)用元素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)量(liang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)多(duo)，資源較(jiao)豐(feng)富，因此，鉛(qian)酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)進一步漲價，鋰(li)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)成本(ben)反而(er)會(hui)進一步降低。

太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)系(xi)統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是減輕重量，提高(gao)整(zheng)個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便性能(neng)。另外它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)位體(ti)積能(neng)量很大(da)，高(gao)達(da)400Wh/L，相同容(rong)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積是鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之一(yi)到(dao)四(si)分(fen)之一(yi)，為(wei)(wei)進行(xing)輕巧、靈(ling)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)要(yao)求提供了更(geng)為(wei)(wei)廣(guang)(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)空間。另外鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反復(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)(ming)(ming)長(chang)，單(dan)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環(huan)次(ci)數可達(da)1500次(ci)以(yi)上。作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組如果有好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)，在(zai)(zai)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)達(da)到(dao)均衡程(cheng)度，仍(reng)然可達(da)1000次(ci)以(yi)上。因為(wei)(wei)太陽(yang)能(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)常常可以(yi)浮充(chong)或(huo)淺放(fang)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組壽命(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)會像純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)那樣(yang)短。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另一(yi)個(ge)優(you)點是自(zi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低(di)，這在(zai)(zai)連續陰(yin)天和(he)在(zai)(zai)夜(ye)間蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都有相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處，可以(yi)提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)。在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量保持60%~80%計(ji)算，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)年限應(ying)不(bu)低(di)于(yu)(yu)3~5年，壽命(ming)(ming)(ming)相當于(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍左右。由于(yu)(yu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)含鉛(qian)和(he)鎘等(deng)重金屬，被業內稱為(wei)(wei)綠色環(huan)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。隨(sui)著我(wo)國鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷提高(gao)，特別在(zai)(zai)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)、管(guan)理、控制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破(po)并會不(bu)斷提高(gao)水平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)(ming)(ming)也會越來越長(chang)，性價比也會越來越有優(you)勢，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)也會越來越廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)僅在(zai)(zai)太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上，和(he)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車(che)(che)得到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)，還會在(zai)(zai)航空、航海(hai)等(deng)領域得到(dao)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)所在就是(shi)驅動。太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也在于(yu)(yu)此。無論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)當(dang)然也在于(yu)(yu)此。無論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)(ji)負載，其(qi)設計和使用(yong)(yong)(yong)目標都(dou)是(shi)為滿足(zu)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)行駛(shi)需要。由(you)于(yu)(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)整(zheng)性能(neng)(neng)，早期開發的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)大多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。近代(dai)電(dian)(dian)子技術和控制技術的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永磁無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開關(guan)阻磁電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍逐步擴大、性能(neng)(neng)越(yue)來越(yue)完善(shan)，電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也由(you)這些電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)所取代(dai)。總的(de)(de)(de)趨勢是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)將(jiang)取代(dai)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

大多(duo)數太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是雙(shuang)線(xian)圈交流(liu)(liu)無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)交流(liu)(liu)無刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是輕質材料制造，非常適合于太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)(de)要求，在額定的(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉速(su)(su)）達到99%的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效率。這(zhe)比以(yi)前使(shi)用(yong)(yong)直接引導(dao)式(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要先(xian)(xian)進。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也稱其為(wei)機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)還(huan)有選用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)統(tong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)速(su)(su)器、傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)、后橋和半軸(zhou)等部件的(de)(de)(de)。而電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)通過鏈(lian)(lian)條和履(lv)帶(dai)同一(yi)個(ge)單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，與車(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈(lian)(lian)接的(de)(de)(de)引導(dao)式(shi)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要比機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)(xian)進了一(yi)步。有的(de)(de)(de)還(huan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)履(lv)帶(dai)式(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)給車(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)履(lv)帶(dai)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)需要精確地(di)安裝和有效的(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2013年(nian)，太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)多(duo)齒(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)送裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已經被淘汰，雙(shuang)線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)成(cheng)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在雙(shuang)線(xian)圈之間(jian)轉換(huan)改變(bian)(bian)了電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，低速(su)(su)線(xian)圈能為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和減速(su)(su)提(ti)(ti)供高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)轉力(li)矩，而高(gao)速(su)(su)線(xian)圈則為(wei)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)運(yun)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)供高(gao)效率和最佳的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)效果。特別(bie)在軸(zhou)式(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)計中(zhong)，一(yi)個(ge)軸(zhou)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)去除了許多(duo)外(wai)加的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送設(she)備，這(zhe)大大提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了駕駛車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛的(de)(de)(de)效率，縮減了用(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)而需要的(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式形成(cheng)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，使結構更加緊湊，是(shi)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式。而(er)輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，是(shi)將電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)直(zhi)接(jie)裝在電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)車(che)輪(lun)(lun)里(li)，用來直(zhi)接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)。這種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式不但提高了傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率，不占電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)本身和底盤空間，而(er)且(qie)減少了車(che)輛的(de)(de)懸(xuan)掛(gua)重量，截止(zhi)2013年(nian)，所(suo)有電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)主(zhu)要采(cai)取的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)計方案(an)。輪(lun)(lun)式電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統可以兩輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，也(ye)可以設(she)計四輪(lun)(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太陽能電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)設(she)計中(zhong)應該是(shi)最佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方案(an)。