太(tai)陽(yang)能電動車怎么(me)樣

太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)是可(ke)(ke)再生、可(ke)(ke)持續(xu)性發展(zhan)的(de)戰(zhan)略能(neng)源。當華爾街風(feng)暴(bao)席卷全球時，各(ge)先進(jin)技術(shu)國(guo)家(jia)無不在新能(neng)源領域下賭注(zhu)、投資(zi)本(ben)，以期獲得經(jing)濟復興。特別是以汽車(che)(che)產(chan)業為經(jing)濟支柱的(de)國(guo)家(jia)，尤其在新能(neng)源汽車(che)(che)動(dong)力上力圖有所創新和發展(zhan)，如(ru)在電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)、燃料(liao)電(dian)池汽車(che)(che)領域紛紛投入(ru)巨資(zi)，而在太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)汽車(che)(che)領域更是探索不止，力度(du)加大。由于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)是各(ge)種(zhong)可(ke)(ke)再生能(neng)源中最重要的(de)基本(ben)能(neng)源，通過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝置(zhi)把太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)輻射能(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)利用，屬于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)發電(dian)技術(shu)。光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換裝置(zhi)通常(chang)是利用半(ban)導體器(qi)件的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效(xiao)應原理進(jin)行(xing)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換的(de)，因此也稱太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)技術(shu)，又(you)稱太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池。

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據報道，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)光伏(fu)技術不(bu)僅在先進技術國(guo)家得到(dao)快(kuai)速(su)發展，中國(guo)的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)產業也以每年20%~30%的(de)速(su)度增長。到(dao)2020年，太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)領(ling)域的(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)額(e)將(jiang)增加一倍，屆時中國(guo)將(jiang)有(you)1%的(de)能(neng)源消耗來(lai)自太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)。今后幾年，我國(guo)太(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)使(shi)用不(bu)僅在能(neng)源領(ling)域會獲得飛速(su)發展，在汽車領(ling)域的(de)應(ying)用也會得到(dao)不(bu)斷的(de)提(ti)高(gao)。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構具有輕、小(xiao)、巧(qiao)、美四大特性。車型輕，能(neng)大幅度減(jian)輕能(neng)源的消耗，降低(di)成本(ben)；車身小(xiao)，可在城市中心地帶穿(chuan)街走巷行(xing)駛(shi)（不(bu)超過(guo)兩人并排(pai)騎自(zi)行(xing)車占用的道(dao)路面積(ji)），增加(jia)道(dao)路流(liu)量，改善交通狀況；結(jie)構設(she)計巧(qiao)妙、實用、緊(jin)湊、堅(jian)固、耐用；流(liu)線(xian)型外觀，造型美觀大方。

2、以光、電(dian)(dian)代替油(you)，可節約有(you)限的石(shi)油(you)資源。白天，太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)池把光能轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)(dian)能自動存儲在動力電(dian)(dian)池中。在晚(wan)間或陰雨天，可以利用(yong)家用(yong)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)（220V）進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，確保(bao)車輛照(zhao)常行駛。

3、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)，本(ben)發(fa)明的(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電動(dong)(dong)車，耗能(neng)(neng)少，只(zhi)需采用3-4平(ping)米的(de)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電池組件便可(ke)行(xing)駛起來。燃(ran)油汽(qi)車在(zai)(zai)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過程(cheng)中要遵守(shou)卡諾循(xun)環(huan)的(de)規律來做(zuo)功(gong)，熱效率(lv)比(bi)較低，約為(wei)12%-15%，只(zhi)有1/3左右的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)用在(zai)(zai)推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)前進上，其余2/3左右的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)損失(shi)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)機和(he)驅動(dong)(dong)鏈(lian)上；而太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電動(dong)(dong)車的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)不受卡諾循(xun)環(huan)規律的(de)限制(zhi)，熱效率(lv)要高得多，可(ke)達到(dao)34%-40%，90%的(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)用于推(tui)動(dong)(dong)車輛(liang)前進。

4、高度(du)重視安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問(wen)題，將主動安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)性列為(wei)重要問(wen)題考慮(lv)，在車身的前(qian)部特別設計內保(bao)險結構，保(bao)障駕駛員的生命安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)，每個座(zuo)位上都設有三點式安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶、座(zuo)椅頭枕。另外，前(qian)后(hou)保(bao)險杠、高位剎車燈(deng)(deng)、轉(zhuan)向燈(deng)(deng)、前(qian)大燈(deng)(deng)、尾燈(deng)(deng)、后(hou)視鏡、安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)擋(dang)風玻(bo)璃、雨刮(gua)器等配置一應俱全(quan)(quan)(quan)，而且還可以選(xuan)裝兒童安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)座(zuo)椅等選(xuan)配裝置。

5、作為一(yi)種低速車(che)，其設計、生產和(he)安(an)全標準(zhun)與(yu)傳統轎車(che)相比毫不(bu)遜(xun)色。前(qian)后(hou)均(jun)有獨(du)立懸掛，四輪鼓式制動，采用創(chuang)新前(qian)橋和(he)傳向系(xi)統，30km/h速度到停止的剎車(che)距離不(bu)超過7.3米。

6、無(wu)污染。因為不用(yong)燃油(you)，本車不會(hui)排放污染大氣(qi)的有害(hai)氣(qi)體。

7、無噪(zao)音(yin)。沒(mei)有內(nei)燃機，行駛時(shi)不會聽(ting)到(dao)燃油汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使(shi)用費(fei)用低廉。車上(shang)配(pei)有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和(he)充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)，有兩路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可向(xiang)(xiang)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有太(tai)陽(yang)光時(shi)，太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)通過充(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制器(qi)向(xiang)(xiang)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛(shi)成本為零；無太(tai)陽(yang)光時(shi)，隨時(shi)隨地都能用家用220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)向(xiang)(xiang)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，公里(li)行駛(shi)成本為3分錢(qian)。

9、易駕駛(shi)(shi)。無需電子點火，只需踩(cai)踏加速板便可啟動，利用控制器控制車速，勿(wu)需換檔、踩(cai)離合器，簡化(hua)了駕駛(shi)(shi)的(de)復(fu)雜性(xing)，避免了因操(cao)作失誤而造成的(de)事(shi)故隱患，安全性(xing)高。特別適合婦(fu)女和老(lao)年人駕駛(shi)(shi)。

10、方便。由于車身結構簡(jian)單，除了(le)定期(qi)更換動(dong)力電池外，基本(ben)不(bu)需(xu)日(ri)常保養，省卻(que)了(le)傳統(tong)汽車必(bi)須經常更換機油、添(tian)加冷卻(que)水等定期(qi)養護的煩惱。小巧玲瓏(long)的車身，可(ke)以輕而易舉地將車泊(bo)入擁(yong)擠不(bu)堪的都市(shi)停車場。

11、太陽能電動車的最大優勢是環保、節能、安全(quan)、經(jing)濟(ji)，批量生產(chan)的成本將控制在(zai)人民幣5-6千(qian)元左(zuo)右(you)，其市場目標鎖定在(zai)普通(tong)百(bai)姓家(jia)庭，將成為中國老百(bai)姓買得起、用得起、開得動的物美價廉的交通(tong)工具產(chan)品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為(wei)48V配(pei)置(zhi)的電(dian)動車野(ye)外(wai)或(huo)行駛途中補(bu)充電(dian)源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一邊行駛、一邊充電，幫助電動(dong)車(che)增加行程達50%以上。

3、太(tai)陽能充電器，既增強電動(dong)車行駛、 爬坡的動(dong)力，又減(jian)輕電機的負載磨損。

4、太陽(yang)能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)器及時對(dui)放電(dian)(dian)狀態下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)動車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池補充電(dian)(dian)量，對(dui)于減輕蓄電(dian)(dian)池極板硫化，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)池使用壽命效果顯著。同時又(you)能(neng)長期節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)費開支，是(shi)降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)動車(che)的使用成本的好幫手(shou)。

5、太陽能(neng)充電器(qi)安(an)裝方便，美觀適用，節能(neng)環保。

6、本產品使(shi)用(yong)壽命可達12年(nian)左右，應(ying)用(yong)價值很高(gao)。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太(tai)陽(yang)能電動車因具(ju)所(suo)選擇的元件不同，布置(zhi)方案也有(you)所(suo)不同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這(zhe)種布置方式容易實現，操作和控制(zhi)簡單(dan)。但能量(liang)損耗較高、噪聲(sheng)較大、整車質量(liang)較重、行駛速度較低(di)、續駛里程(cheng)較短(duan)。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方(fang)式便于布置(zhi)、較易驅動(dong)、質量輕、噪聲(sheng)小(xiao)。但控制(zhi)相對復雜(za)，并有一定(ding)的(de)能量損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動方(fang)式(shi)動力傳(chuan)動系元件最(zui)少、結構最(zui)簡(jian)單(dan)、噪(zao)聲最(zui)低、車重最(zui)輕、可控性好(hao)，但造價高(gao)，控制成(cheng)為關鍵問題(ti)。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤器(qi)(qi)2被直接傳(chuan)送到電(dian)機控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)中，驅動(dong)電(dian)機5旋轉(zhuan)，使車輛行駛。剩(sheng)余電(dian)量由蓄電(dian)池儲存(cun)起來，以便太(tai)陽電(dian)池板電(dian)量不足或陰(yin)雨天氣時驅動(dong)電(dian)機。這(zhe)一過程由控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)。車輛的啟動(dong)、加速、轉(zhuan)向(xiang)、制(zhi)動(dong)由駕駛員操(cao)縱。

太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是一(yi)種對光(guang)有(you)響應(ying)并能(neng)將光(guang)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)器件裝置。能(neng)產生光(guang)伏(fu)效應(ying)的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)許多種，如單晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、多晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、非晶(jing)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、砷(shen)化(hua)鎵、硒銦銅(tong)等，它們(men)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)原理基本(ben)相(xiang)同(tong)。以(yi)晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)為例：P型晶(jing)體(ti)(ti)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)經過(guo)摻(chan)雜磷(lin)可得N型硅(gui)(gui)(gui)，形成(cheng)P-N結(jie)。當(dang)光(guang)線照射(she)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列板的(de)表面(mian)時，一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)光(guang)子被硅(gui)(gui)(gui)材(cai)料(liao)吸收，光(guang)子的(de)能(neng)量傳遞給了硅(gui)(gui)(gui)原子，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產生了躍遷，成(cheng)為自(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子，在(zai)P-N結(jie)兩側集驟形成(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)位差(cha)，當(dang)外(wai)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通時，在(zai)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)作用(yong)下，將會(hui)有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過(guo)外(wai)部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，從而(er)產生一(yi)定(ding)的(de)輸出功率。這(zhe)個過(guo)程的(de)實質(zhi)是：光(guang)子能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)過(guo)程。太陽能(neng)陣列電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板是由(you)光(guang)敏半導體(ti)(ti)材(cai)料(liao)制成(cheng)的(de)，大多使(shi)用(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)化(hua)合物。

根據所用材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)不(bu)同，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板可分為(wei)：硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；以無機鹽如砷化(hua)鎵(jia)III-V化(hua)合物、硫化(hua)鎘、硒銦(yin)銅等多(duo)元化(hua)合物為(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；功能(neng)(neng)高(gao)分子(zi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)制(zhi)備(bei)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)；和納米晶太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。不(bu)論以何種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)來制(zhi)作電(dian)池(chi)(chi)，對太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般的(de)(de)要(yao)求有：半(ban)導體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)禁帶(dai)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)寬；要(yao)有較高(gao)的(de)(de)光電(dian)轉(zhuan)換效率；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)本(ben)身對環(huan)境不(bu)造(zao)成(cheng)污染；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)便(bian)于工業化(hua)生產且(qie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)性能(neng)(neng)穩定。基于以上幾個方(fang)面考(kao)慮，硅(gui)是(shi)最(zui)理想的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，這也(ye)是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)板以硅(gui)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)為(wei)主的(de)(de)主要(yao)原因。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)是供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)核心部分，也是太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)(xi)統中(zhong)價值最高(gao)的(de)(de)部分。其作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)輻射能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)能(neng)，或送往蓄電(dian)池中(zhong)存儲(chu)起來(lai)，或推(tui)動(dong)負載工作(zuo)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)組(zu)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)成本將直接決(jue)定整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)成本。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)控制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是管理和(he)控制(zhi)整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態，并對(dui)蓄電(dian)池起到充電(dian)保護(hu)、過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)保護(hu)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，與純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)源控制(zhi)管理系(xi)(xi)統具有相同的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)溫差較大的(de)(de)地(di)方，合格的(de)(de)控制(zhi)器(qi)還(huan)應(ying)具備溫度補(bu)償(chang)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。其它附加功(gong)能(neng)如光(guang)(guang)控、時控等應(ying)當(dang)都是控制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)可(ke)選項。蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是在(zai)(zai)有光(guang)(guang)照時將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)池組(zu)件(jian)所(suo)提供(gong)出的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)儲(chu)存起來(lai)，到需要(yao)的(de)(de)時候再(zai)釋放(fang)出來(lai)。

太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件(jian)是由(you)(you)單(dan)(dan)個(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)拼接組(zu)成(cheng)，或(huo)由(you)(you)折疊(die)式(shi)支(zhi)架拼接組(zu)成(cheng)陣列。因為(wei)單(dan)(dan)個(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（如硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太(tai)低，所以都(dou)要把它們(men)串、并(bing)聯構成(cheng)有(you)實用(yong)(yong)價值的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板，陣列成(cheng)一(yi)個(ge)應用(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)，然后根(gen)據供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再由(you)(you)多個(ge)應用(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)的(de)串、并(bing)聯組(zu)成(cheng)整個(ge)太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件(jian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)是太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)裝置，在夜間或(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)照不足及負載(zai)消耗超出光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)時，由(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)向負載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了減輕整個(ge)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)重量(liang)，應采用(yong)(yong)高能(neng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與(yu)(yu)燃油(you)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)在動(dong)(dong)力結構(gou)上有很大(da)的(de)(de)不同(tong)，但與(yu)(yu)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)結構(gou)卻(que)有許多相同(tong)之處(chu)。所不同(tong)的(de)(de)是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)必須(xu)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而(er)(er)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)來(lai)自于太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)(shi)，而(er)(er)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)不必背負(fu)(fu)(fu)巨大(da)的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板。當(dang)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，與(yu)(yu)控制(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)連(lian)接(jie)后，再由(you)另一(yi)端連(lian)接(jie)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)，負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（驅動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)）。一(yi)般在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)運(yun)行(xing)時，被轉換的(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過控制(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)直(zhi)運(yun)送(song)到負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)，而(er)(er)在停駛(shi)或太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)足時，剩余(yu)部分的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲存(cun)起來(lai)，當(dang)太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)不足時，由(you)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同(tong)時向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當(dang)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)減速或剎車(che)時，還應設計“回授性制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)”，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量通過控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)，將(jiang)(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，反向(xiang)(xiang)進入蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)儲存(cun)。用互補式(shi)(shi)不間斷(duan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)，改變嚴重依賴天氣的(de)(de)缺陷，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是光強(qiang)與(yu)負載(zai)。太陽能光伏(fu)電池是一種(zhong)光電轉(zhuan)換裝置(zhi)，其輸出(chu)功率的(de)(de)大小取決于光照的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)，要拼裝多大的(de)(de)太陽能光伏(fu)電池組件主要取決于能夠接受光照的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)及所(suo)用負載(zai)的(de)(de)大小。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的(de)容量，以(yi)便在陰雨(yu)天(tian)及晚上可(ke)以(yi)由蓄電(dian)池向負(fu)載(zai)供電(dian)，為了減輕系統重(zhong)要，最(zui)好(hao)選(xuan)用高(gao)比能量的(de)蓄電(dian)池。

三是(shi)(shi)機(ji)械強(qiang)(qiang)。考慮到電動(dong)汽車的(de)整(zheng)個(ge)供電系統都是(shi)(shi)在運動(dong)和(he)運行(xing)中使用，必(bi)須考慮系統的(de)機(ji)械強(qiang)(qiang)度，耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性，耐氣候變化(hua)等各(ge)種因素。太陽能光伏電池組陣列應采取(qu)高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度鋼化(hua)玻(bo)璃外殼，支架系統應采用高(gao)強(qiang)(qiang)度材料。使整(zheng)個(ge)供電系統具有(you)便(bian)于運行(xing)、重量輕、效(xiao)率(lv)高(gao)、可(ke)靠性好、造(zao)價(jia)低等優勢。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池板是將太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能量(liang)轉變為電(dian)(dian)能，是因為光(guang)子(zi)在日光(guang)下產生能量(liang)帶(dai)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)從一個(ge)半運動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)金屬粒子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)一層(ceng)轉移到另(ling)一層(ceng)面，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)產生了(le)通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力(li)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池板可以由光(guang)電(dian)(dian)轉化率、能量(liang)比(bi)大(da)小來選擇。由于許多(duo)獨立的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)片被組合，形成(cheng)龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能光(guang)伏陣列，并(bing)產生能夠(gou)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能，而這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)能量(liang)還必(bi)須達到高電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、高功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)程度，這(zhe)就要(yao)有一個(ge)重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)系統-電(dian)(dian)力(li)控制系統。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)臟部位就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組，而運行系(xi)(xi)統基本上是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)、電(dian)(dian)機來(lai)組成。而在太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)上其(qi)(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統不(bu)僅僅控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)），還要(yao)增加太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)所供(gong)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組飽和(he)電(dian)(dian)壓基本相同(tong)，可以直接耦(ou)合，在太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)功(gong)率充(chong)足(zu)時，多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量進(jin)入儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，在太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率不(bu)足(zu)時由(you)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)完成電(dian)(dian)力(li)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。這些，必須由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統來(lai)完成。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)就是(shi)對(dui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)保護，這樣才能(neng)(neng)(neng)保證對(dui)整個(ge)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)及(ji)其(qi)(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)。最(zui)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統也(ye)應(ying)該(gai)起到以下(xia)三(san)個(ge)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用：

一是(shi)按(an)照使用要(yao)求(qiu)給出穩定的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流；

二是蓄電(dian)池(chi)過充電(dian)或過放電(dian)時可(ke)以報(bao)警或自動切斷電(dian)路；

三是負載發(fa)生短(duan)路時可以自動切(qie)斷(duan)電源電路。

控(kong)(kong)(kong)制系統是(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣列板對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對負(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程，實現對太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)科學管理(li)，指示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過(guo)壓、欠(qian)壓等(deng)運行狀態，具有(you)(you)兩(liang)路(lu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)輸出(chu)的(de)管理(li)，或兩(liang)路(lu)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)可以隨意設置為(wei)同時工作、分時工作或單獨工作等(deng)模(mo)式，同時具有(you)(you)負(fu)(fu)載(zai)過(guo)流、短路(lu)保護功能(neng)(neng)，具有(you)(you)較高的(de)自動(dong)化(hua)和(he)智能(neng)(neng)化(hua)水平。其硬(ying)件結構主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、負(fu)(fu)載(zai)輸出(chu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制與檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、指示或顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及(ji)鍵盤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)部(bu)分組成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括(kuo)太陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采集，用于太陽光(guang)線(xian)強(qiang)弱的(de)識別以及(ji)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)獲取(qu)等(deng)。

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源控制系統利用子系統的控制功(gong)能對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理時(shi)，若太(tai)陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)，控制器將關(guan)(guan)斷負(fu)載，以保(bao)證負(fu)載不被損傷(shang)，當充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)斷對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)掉(diao)至(zhi)維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進入浮充(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態，當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低于維護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的應當是均充(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)態。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于保(bao)護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，控制系統應當自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉負(fu)載開關(guan)(guan)，以保(bao)護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不受損壞。在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負(fu)載關(guan)(guan)閉后，有(you)兩(liang)路充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選擇使用，在(zai)太(tai)陽光照較強時(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)陽能光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使其發揮更(geng)大功(gong)效(xiao)，或(huo)使用外充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源進行(xing)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)的(de)(de)軟件(jian)設(she)計與硬件(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路是相對應的(de)(de)，包括有(you)主程(cheng)序(xu)、定時中斷程(cheng)序(xu)、A/D轉(zhuan)換子(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、外部轉(zhuan)換子(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)及鍵盤(pan)處理子(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)(guan)理子(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、負(fu)載管(guan)(guan)理子(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)等。作為太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)“心(xin)臟”——電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)，不僅僅需要(yao)具備基本的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功能(neng)，還要(yao)能(neng)體現(xian)現(xian)代(dai)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)理念，也就是達到“一體化(hua)”控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)，并實現(xian)“智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)”的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)(guan)理能(neng)力(li)，在基本電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)基礎上，“智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)”的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)是以電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)為控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)中心(xin)，增(zeng)加了以鍵盤(pan)輸入、遙控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)及液晶顯示組成的(de)(de)人工界面模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，還增(zeng)加了以安全報警模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)，在內部控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)算法還可(ke)(ke)采取模(mo)(mo)糊控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)或其它(ta)智(zhi)能(neng)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)算法實現(xian)，此外還可(ke)(ke)以使用預留可(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)展(zhan)模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai).

太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)動車充電(dian)器(qi)介紹(shao)

太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)，要根據(ju)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)容(rong)量來合理選擇蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)容(rong)量，以便在陰(yin)雨天及晚上可以由蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)向負載供電(dian)(dian)。那么具體選擇何種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，不能(neng)不做各種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)綜合分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)經歷是(shi)(shi)從鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)開始的(de)(de)，鉛(qian)酸動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)經歷了100余年的(de)(de)發(fa)展，在人們研(yan)發(fa)了鎳氫動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)及繼而又研(yan)發(fa)了鋰動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)之后，便被業(ye)內(nei)猜(cai)測該退(tui)出歷史舞(wu)臺了。然(ran)(ran)而，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)仍然(ran)(ran)是(shi)(shi)大量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)系列。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)作為(wei)比(bi)(bi)較成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技術雖然(ran)(ran)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)量、比(bi)(bi)功率和能(neng)(neng)量密(mi)度(du)都比(bi)(bi)較低，但是(shi)(shi)高(gao)的(de)(de)性價比(bi)(bi)及高(gao)倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)(ran)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)唯(wei)一(yi)能(neng)(neng)大批量生(sheng)產的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車用電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，其(qi)主要(yao)應(ying)(ying)用于(yu)大量進入市場的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)自行車。但鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用尚存在續駛里程短，使用壽命差、及體積大、質量重、不(bu)環保(bao)等(deng)缺(que)點，不(bu)僅在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用上受到阻礙，想成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)太陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上的(de)(de)儲能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)范(fan)疇應(ying)(ying)用其(qi)難度(du)是(shi)(shi)可想而知(zhi)的(de)(de)。

鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)鋰離(li)子蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出(chu)現以(yi)前，曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上(shang)廣(guang)泛試用(yong)(yong)(yong)，其比能(neng)量達(da)(da)到(dao)75~80Wh/kg，比功率達(da)(da)160~230w/kg，循環使用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命超過600次。由(you)于鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)安全性方(fang)面較有優勢，所以(yi)在(zai)(zai)混合動(dong)力(li)汽車的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)面已(yi)經達(da)(da)到(dao)趨于成熟的境界。應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)比較好的汽車廠商如日本豐田、美國通用(yong)(yong)(yong)等公(gong)司。但(dan)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)(zai)價格上(shang)遠高于鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，以(yi)及能(neng)量密度低于鋰離(li)子蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，所以(yi)，難(nan)以(yi)成為太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的首選(xuan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通過(guo)太陽(yang)能光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板給(gei)予充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)（在光照不足時也可以(yi)通過(guo)外(wai)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了最大(da)限度地降低(di)(di)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行，選(xuan)擇大(da)容(rong)量(liang)高倍(bei)率(lv)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)能的(de)(de)(de)鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，是太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)最佳選(xuan)擇。雖然(ran)鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本相比(bi)(bi)有所(suo)(suo)增加，但(dan)在相同(tong)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，比(bi)(bi)采用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)減(jian)輕4倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)，因為鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在比(bi)(bi)能量(liang)、循環(huan)壽命、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)及環(huan)保諸多(duo)(duo)方面都具(ju)有優越的(de)(de)(de)性能。它的(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)能量(liang)可達150Wh/kg，是鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)，鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)以(yi)上(shang)。由于比(bi)(bi)能量(liang)是鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)四分(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)，從(cong)這個角度分(fen)析鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對能量(liang)消(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)就少。由于鋰離子蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)(suo)用元素的(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)，資源(yuan)較(jiao)豐富(fu)，因此，鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳氫(qing)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能會進一(yi)步漲價，鋰蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成(cheng)本反而會進一(yi)步降低(di)(di)。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源系統(tong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是減輕重量(liang)(liang)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)整(zheng)個系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。另(ling)外它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體(ti)(ti)積能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)很(hen)大，高(gao)(gao)達(da)(da)400Wh/L，相同容(rong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)積是鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分(fen)之一到四分(fen)之一，為(wei)進(jin)行(xing)輕巧(qiao)、靈活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計要求提(ti)(ti)(ti)供了更為(wei)廣(guang)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計空(kong)間。另(ling)外鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反復(fu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命長，單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次(ci)數可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)1500次(ci)以上。作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)如果(guo)有(you)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控(kong)管理系統(tong)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時達(da)(da)到均(jun)衡程度，仍然可(ke)(ke)達(da)(da)1000次(ci)以上。因為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時常常可(ke)(ke)以浮充或淺(qian)放，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)壽命不(bu)(bu)會(hui)(hui)像(xiang)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)那樣短。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一個優點是自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低，這在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)連續陰天和在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)夜間蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)都有(you)相當(dang)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處(chu)，可(ke)(ke)以提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)保持(chi)60%~80%計算，使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)年(nian)限應(ying)(ying)不(bu)(bu)低于3~5年(nian)，壽命相當(dang)于鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍左右。由于鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)含鉛(qian)(qian)(qian)和鎘(ge)等重金屬，被業內稱為(wei)綠色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。隨著我國鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)，特(te)別在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、管理、控(kong)制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破并(bing)會(hui)(hui)不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)水(shui)平，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)長，性價比也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)有(you)優勢(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣(guang)泛。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)上、純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)上，和燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，還(huan)會(hui)(hui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)航空(kong)、航海(hai)等領(ling)域得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽(qi)車(che)的(de)功能所在就是(shi)驅動(dong)。太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)目的(de)當然也(ye)(ye)在于此。無(wu)論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)目的(de)當然也(ye)(ye)在于此。無(wu)論采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)何種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負載(zai)，其設計和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)目標都是(shi)為滿(man)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)行(xing)駛(shi)需(xu)要。由于直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有良(liang)好的(de)調整性(xing)能，早期開發的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)大多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)了直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。近(jin)代電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子技術和(he)控制技術的(de)發展，交流(liu)(liu)感應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、開關阻磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍逐步擴大、性(xing)能越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)完善，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也(ye)(ye)由這些電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)所取(qu)代。總(zong)的(de)趨勢(shi)是(shi)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)將(jiang)取(qu)代直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。

大(da)多數(shu)太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)交流無刷電(dian)機(ji)，這種交流無刷電(dian)機(ji)是(shi)輕質材料制造，非常適合于太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)要求，在(zai)額定的(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)速）達(da)到99%的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。這比以前使用(yong)(yong)直接引導式驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要先(xian)進(jin)。這種傳送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也稱其為(wei)(wei)機(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這種機(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統還有(you)選用(yong)(yong)傳統汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)變(bian)速器、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸、后橋和(he)半軸等部件的(de)(de)。而電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)通過鏈(lian)條和(he)履(lv)帶同一(yi)個(ge)單一(yi)的(de)(de)齒輪(lun)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，與車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈(lian)接的(de)(de)引導式裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要比機(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)先(xian)進(jin)了(le)一(yi)步(bu)。有(you)的(de)(de)還使用(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻履(lv)帶式驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳送(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)給(gei)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這種變(bian)頻履(lv)帶式電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)需要精確地(di)安裝(zhuang)和(he)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。2013年，太陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)多齒輪(lun)傳送(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)已經被淘(tao)汰，雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)成為(wei)(wei)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)雙(shuang)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)之(zhi)間轉(zhuan)換(huan)改變(bian)了(le)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)速度，低速線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)減速提供(gong)高(gao)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)力(li)矩，而高(gao)速線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)則為(wei)(wei)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)運行提供(gong)高(gao)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)和(he)最佳的(de)(de)運行效(xiao)(xiao)果。特別在(zai)軸式驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計中，一(yi)個(ge)軸式電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)去除了(le)許(xu)多外加的(de)(de)傳送(song)設備，這大(da)大(da)提高(gao)了(le)駕(jia)駛(shi)車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)率(lv)(lv)，縮(suo)減了(le)用(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)而需要的(de)(de)能(neng)量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)(shi)形成獨特的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統，使結構更加緊(jin)湊，是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)主要驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)模式(shi)(shi)。而(er)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統，是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機直接(jie)(jie)裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)車(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)里(li)，用來直接(jie)(jie)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)。這種驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)不(bu)但提高(gao)了傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)效率，不(bu)占電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)本身和底(di)盤空間，而(er)且減少了車(che)(che)輛的(de)懸掛重量，截止(zhi)2013年，所有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)主要采取的(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)設(she)計方案。輪(lun)(lun)(lun)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統可以(yi)兩(liang)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)，也可以(yi)設(she)計四(si)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)設(she)計中應該是最佳(jia)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)方案。