太陽能(neng)電動車怎么樣

太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)可再生、可持(chi)續性發展的(de)(de)戰略能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。當華爾街風暴(bao)席卷全(quan)球(qiu)時，各(ge)先進(jin)技術(shu)國(guo)家無(wu)不在(zai)(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領(ling)域下賭注、投資本(ben)，以(yi)(yi)期獲得經(jing)(jing)濟復興。特別是(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)產(chan)業為經(jing)(jing)濟支柱的(de)(de)國(guo)家，尤其在(zai)(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)動力上力圖(tu)有所(suo)創新(xin)和(he)發展，如(ru)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)、燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)(qi)車(che)領(ling)域紛紛投入巨資，而在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)領(ling)域更是(shi)(shi)探索(suo)不止，力度加大。由于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)各(ge)種可再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中最重要的(de)(de)基本(ben)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，通過轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置把太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽輻射能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用，屬于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光發電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術(shu)。光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)裝(zhuang)置通常是(shi)(shi)利用半導體器件的(de)(de)光伏效應原理(li)進(jin)行光電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)(de)，因(yin)此也稱太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏技術(shu)，又(you)稱太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

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據報道(dao)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏技術不僅在先進技術國家得(de)(de)到快(kuai)速(su)發展，中國的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產業也(ye)以每年(nian)20%~30%的(de)(de)速(su)度增長(chang)。到2020年(nian)，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)領域的(de)(de)銷售(shou)額將(jiang)(jiang)增加一倍，屆時中國將(jiang)(jiang)有1%的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消耗來自(zi)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。今后(hou)幾年(nian)，我國太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)不僅在能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域會(hui)(hui)獲得(de)(de)飛速(su)發展，在汽(qi)車領域的(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)得(de)(de)到不斷(duan)的(de)(de)提(ti)高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構具(ju)有輕(qing)、小、巧、美(mei)四大特性。車型輕(qing)，能大幅度減輕(qing)能源的消耗，降低成本；車身小，可在城市中心(xin)地帶穿(chuan)街(jie)走(zou)巷行駛（不(bu)超過(guo)兩人并排騎自行車占用(yong)的道(dao)(dao)路面積(ji)），增加道(dao)(dao)路流(liu)量(liang)，改(gai)善交通(tong)狀況；結(jie)構設計巧妙、實用(yong)、緊(jin)湊、堅固、耐(nai)用(yong)；流(liu)線型外(wai)觀(guan)，造型美(mei)觀(guan)大方。

2、以光(guang)、電(dian)(dian)代替油(you)，可(ke)節約有限的(de)石油(you)資(zi)源。白天(tian)，太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池把光(guang)能(neng)轉換為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)自動存(cun)儲在動力電(dian)(dian)池中。在晚間或陰雨天(tian)，可(ke)以利用(yong)家用(yong)交流電(dian)(dian)（220V）進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)，確保(bao)車輛照(zhao)常行駛。

3、節能，本發明的(de)太(tai)陽能電動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)，耗能少(shao)，只(zhi)需采用3-4平(ping)米的(de)太(tai)陽能電池組件(jian)便可行駛起來。燃(ran)油(you)汽車(che)在能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)過(guo)程中要(yao)(yao)遵(zun)守(shou)卡(ka)諾循(xun)環的(de)規律來做功，熱效(xiao)率比較低，約為12%-15%，只(zhi)有(you)1/3左右(you)的(de)能量用在推動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛前進上(shang)，其余2/3左右(you)的(de)能量損失在發動(dong)(dong)(dong)機和驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈上(shang)；而太(tai)陽能電動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)不受卡(ka)諾循(xun)環規律的(de)限制，熱效(xiao)率要(yao)(yao)高(gao)得多，可達到(dao)34%-40%，90%的(de)能量用于(yu)推動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)輛前進。

4、高度重視安(an)(an)全(quan)問(wen)題，將主動安(an)(an)全(quan)性列為重要問(wen)題考慮(lv)，在車身(shen)的前部特別設計內(nei)保險結構，保障(zhang)駕(jia)駛員的生命(ming)安(an)(an)全(quan)，每個座位上都設有三點式安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)、座椅頭枕。另外(wai)，前后(hou)保險杠(gang)、高位剎車燈、轉向燈、前大燈、尾燈、后(hou)視鏡(jing)、安(an)(an)全(quan)擋風玻璃、雨刮器(qi)等配置(zhi)一應俱全(quan)，而且還可以選裝(zhuang)兒童(tong)安(an)(an)全(quan)座椅等選配裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。

5、作(zuo)為(wei)一種低速車，其設計、生產(chan)和安全標準與傳統(tong)轎車相比毫不(bu)遜色(se)。前后均(jun)有獨立懸掛，四輪鼓(gu)式(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)，采用創新(xin)前橋和傳向系統(tong)，30km/h速度到停止的(de)剎車距離不(bu)超(chao)過(guo)7.3米(mi)。

6、無(wu)污染(ran)。因為不用燃油，本車(che)不會排放(fang)污染(ran)大(da)氣的(de)有(you)害氣體(ti)。

7、無噪音。沒有內燃(ran)機，行駛時不會(hui)聽到燃(ran)油汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使(shi)用費用低廉。車上(shang)配有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器，有兩路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有太(tai)陽(yang)光時(shi)(shi)，太(tai)陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組件(jian)通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)器向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公(gong)里行駛(shi)(shi)成本(ben)為零；無太(tai)陽(yang)光時(shi)(shi)，隨時(shi)(shi)隨地都能用家用220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，通過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器向動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公(gong)里行駛(shi)(shi)成本(ben)為3分錢。

9、易駕(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)。無需(xu)電子點(dian)火，只需(xu)踩踏加速(su)板便可啟動，利用控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)車速(su)，勿(wu)需(xu)換檔(dang)、踩離(li)合器，簡(jian)化了駕(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)的復(fu)雜性，避免了因操作失(shi)誤而造成的事故隱患，安全性高。特別適合婦女和老年人駕(jia)(jia)(jia)駛(shi)。

10、方便。由于車身結構簡單，除了定期(qi)更(geng)換動力電(dian)池(chi)外，基本不需日常保(bao)養(yang)，省卻了傳統汽(qi)車必須(xu)經(jing)常更(geng)換機(ji)油、添(tian)加冷卻水等定期(qi)養(yang)護的煩(fan)惱。小(xiao)巧玲(ling)瓏(long)的車身，可(ke)以輕而易舉地將車泊入(ru)擁擠不堪的都市停車場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)(de)最大優(you)勢(shi)是環保、節(jie)能、安全、經濟，批量生產(chan)的(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)本將控制在人民幣5-6千元(yuan)左(zuo)右(you)，其市場目標鎖定在普通百(bai)姓(xing)家庭(ting)，將成(cheng)(cheng)為中(zhong)國老百(bai)姓(xing)買得起、用得起、開得動的(de)(de)物美價廉的(de)(de)交(jiao)通工(gong)具產(chan)品(pin)。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適合為48V配置的電動車野外或(huo)行駛途中補充(chong)電源(yuan)。

2、太陽能充電器可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現一邊(bian)行駛、一邊(bian)充(chong)電，幫助(zhu)電動車增加行程(cheng)達(da)50%以(yi)上。

3、太陽能充電器(qi)，既(ji)增(zeng)強電動(dong)車(che)行駛、 爬坡(po)的動(dong)力(li)，又減輕電機的負載磨損。

4、太陽(yang)能(neng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器及時(shi)對放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池補(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，對于(yu)減輕(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極(ji)板硫化，延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽命效果顯著。同時(shi)又能(neng)長期節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費開支，是降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車的(de)(de)使用(yong)成本(ben)的(de)(de)好幫手。

5、太陽能充電器安裝方便，美觀適用，節能環保。

6、本產品使(shi)用壽命可達12年(nian)左右，應用價(jia)值(zhi)很高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動車因(yin)具所選擇的元件(jian)不同(tong)，布(bu)置(zhi)方案也有所不同(tong)。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布(bu)置方式(shi)容易(yi)實現(xian)，操(cao)作和控制簡(jian)單。但能(neng)量損(sun)耗較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)高、噪聲(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大、整車(che)質(zhi)量較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)、行(xing)駛(shi)速度較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)低、續駛(shi)里程較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種方式便(bian)于布置、較易驅(qu)動、質(zhi)量輕(qing)、噪聲小。但(dan)控制(zhi)相對復雜(za)，并有一定的能(neng)量損(sun)耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅動方式動力傳動系元件最(zui)少、結(jie)構(gou)最(zui)簡單、噪聲(sheng)最(zui)低、車重最(zui)輕、可(ke)控性好，但造價(jia)高，控制成為關鍵問(wen)題(ti)。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟蹤器(qi)2被直(zhi)接傳送到(dao)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)中，驅動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)5旋轉(zhuan)，使車輛(liang)行駛(shi)。剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)量(liang)由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)池儲存起來(lai)，以便太陽電(dian)(dian)池板電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足或陰雨天氣時驅動電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。這一過程(cheng)由(you)控制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)控制(zhi)(zhi)。車輛(liang)的啟動、加(jia)速(su)、轉(zhuan)向(xiang)、制(zhi)(zhi)動由(you)駕(jia)駛(shi)員操縱。

太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)一(yi)種對光(guang)有(you)響應并能(neng)(neng)將光(guang)轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)器件裝置。能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)光(guang)伏效應的(de)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)許多種，如單晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)(gui)、多晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)(gui)、非晶(jing)(jing)硅(gui)(gui)、砷化鎵、硒銦(yin)銅等，它們的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)(yuan)理基本相(xiang)同。以(yi)晶(jing)(jing)體為(wei)例(li)：P型(xing)(xing)晶(jing)(jing)體硅(gui)(gui)經(jing)過摻雜磷可得N型(xing)(xing)硅(gui)(gui)，形成(cheng)P-N結。當光(guang)線照(zhao)射太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列(lie)(lie)板的(de)表面(mian)時，一(yi)部(bu)分光(guang)子(zi)(zi)被硅(gui)(gui)材(cai)料(liao)吸收，光(guang)子(zi)(zi)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量傳遞給了(le)硅(gui)(gui)原(yuan)(yuan)子(zi)(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)躍遷，成(cheng)為(wei)自由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，在P-N結兩(liang)側(ce)集驟形成(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差，當外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通時，在該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)作用(yong)(yong)下，將會有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)流(liu)過外部(bu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，從而產(chan)生(sheng)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)輸出功率。這(zhe)個過程的(de)實質是(shi)：光(guang)子(zi)(zi)能(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)換成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)的(de)過程。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)陣列(lie)(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板是(shi)由光(guang)敏半導體材(cai)料(liao)制成(cheng)的(de)，大多使用(yong)(yong)硅(gui)(gui)化合物。

根(gen)據所用材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)板可分(fen)(fen)為：硅(gui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)；以(yi)無(wu)機鹽(yan)如砷化鎵III-V化合物、硫(liu)化鎘(ge)、硒銦銅等多(duo)元化合物為材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)電池(chi)(chi)(chi)；功能高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)制(zhi)備的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)；和(he)納米晶太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)等。不(bu)論以(yi)何種材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)來制(zhi)作電池(chi)(chi)(chi)，對(dui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)一般(ban)的(de)要(yao)求有：半(ban)導(dao)體材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)禁帶不(bu)能太(tai)(tai)寬；要(yao)有較高(gao)的(de)光電轉換效(xiao)率(lv)；材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)本身對(dui)環境不(bu)造成污染；材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)便(bian)于工業(ye)化生產(chan)且材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)性能穩定。基于以(yi)上(shang)幾(ji)個方面(mian)考(kao)慮，硅(gui)是(shi)最理想的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，這也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能電池(chi)(chi)(chi)板以(yi)硅(gui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)為主的(de)主要(yao)原(yuan)因。

太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件是(shi)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)核心部分，也是(shi)太(tai)陽能(neng)供(gong)電(dian)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)價值(zhi)最高的(de)(de)(de)部分。其作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)陽的(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)能(neng)，或送往蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)存儲起(qi)來，或推(tui)動負載工作(zuo)。太(tai)陽能(neng)組件中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本將(jiang)直接決定整(zheng)個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)質量和成(cheng)本。太(tai)陽能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)管(guan)理和控(kong)制(zhi)整(zheng)個系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)狀態，并對蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)起(qi)到充電(dian)保(bao)護、過放(fang)電(dian)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，與純電(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)動源控(kong)制(zhi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)具有相同的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)(zai)溫(wen)差較大的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，合格的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)還應具備溫(wen)度(du)補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。其它附加功能(neng)如光控(kong)、時控(kong)等(deng)應當都是(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)可選項。蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)有光照時將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)組件所提供(gong)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)儲存起(qi)來，到需要的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)再釋放(fang)出(chu)來。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組件是(shi)由(you)(you)單個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)拼接(jie)組成，或由(you)(you)折疊式支架拼接(jie)組成陣(zhen)列。因為單個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)（如(ru)硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)）的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)太低(di)，所以(yi)都要把它們串、并聯(lian)構(gou)成有(you)實用價(jia)值的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板，陣(zhen)列成一個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)應用單元，然(ran)后根據供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)，再(zai)由(you)(you)多個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)應用單元的(de)(de)串、并聯(lian)組成整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板的(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組件。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組是(shi)太陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)儲能裝置，在夜間(jian)或光(guang)(guang)照不(bu)足及負(fu)載消耗超出光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時，由(you)(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組向負(fu)載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為了減輕(qing)整個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)系統(tong)的(de)(de)重(zhong)量，應采用高能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油(you)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)在動(dong)力(li)結構上有很(hen)大的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)，但與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)結構卻有許(xu)多相同(tong)之(zhi)處(chu)。所不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)必(bi)須(xu)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，而(er)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置來自于太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源兩種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)，而(er)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)不(bu)必(bi)背負(fu)巨大的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板。當太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板產生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控制(zhi)裝置和儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)裝置連接后，再由(you)(you)另一(yi)(yi)端連接負(fu)載，負(fu)載就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)（驅動(dong)裝置）。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)時(shi)，被轉換的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)通(tong)過控制(zhi)裝置直運(yun)(yun)送到負(fu)載，而(er)在停駛(shi)或太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)足時(shi)，剩余(yu)部分的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)存起來，當太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)(guang)不(bu)足時(shi)，由(you)(you)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同(tong)時(shi)向(xiang)負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；當汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)減(jian)速(su)或剎車(che)(che)時(shi)，還應設(she)計“回授性制(zhi)動(dong)裝置”，將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量通(tong)過控制(zhi)器，將(jiang)(jiang)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)變成發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，反向(xiang)進(jin)入蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)儲(chu)存。用互補式(shi)不(bu)間斷供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術，改變嚴重依賴天氣的(de)(de)(de)缺陷，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一是(shi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)強與(yu)負載。太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電池是(shi)一種光(guang)(guang)(guang)電轉換裝置，其輸出功率(lv)的(de)大小(xiao)取決于光(guang)(guang)(guang)照的(de)強度(du)，要拼裝多大的(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電池組件主要取決于能(neng)夠(gou)接受光(guang)(guang)(guang)照的(de)強度(du)及所用負載的(de)大小(xiao)。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的容量，以便在陰(yin)雨天及晚上可(ke)以由蓄電(dian)池(chi)向負載供(gong)電(dian)，為了減輕系統(tong)重要，最好選用高比能量的蓄電(dian)池(chi)。

三是機(ji)械強(qiang)。考慮到電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的整個(ge)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)都是在(zai)運動(dong)和運行中(zhong)使用，必須考慮系(xi)統(tong)的機(ji)械強(qiang)度(du)，耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性(xing)，耐(nai)(nai)氣(qi)候變(bian)化(hua)等各種(zhong)因素。太陽能光伏電(dian)(dian)池組陣列應采取高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)鋼化(hua)玻(bo)璃外殼，支架(jia)系(xi)統(tong)應采用高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)材料。使整個(ge)供電(dian)(dian)系(xi)統(tong)具(ju)有便于(yu)運行、重(zhong)量(liang)輕、效率高(gao)、可靠(kao)性(xing)好(hao)、造價低等優勢。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池板(ban)是(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)量轉變為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，是(shi)因為光(guang)(guang)子(zi)在日(ri)光(guang)(guang)下產(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)量帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)從一(yi)個(ge)半運(yun)動(dong)的(de)金屬粒子(zi)的(de)一(yi)層(ceng)轉移到另一(yi)層(ceng)面，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)的(de)運(yun)動(dong)產(chan)生(sheng)了通用的(de)電(dian)(dian)力。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)池板(ban)可以(yi)由光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)轉化率、能(neng)(neng)量比大(da)小(xiao)來選(xuan)擇。由于許(xu)多獨立的(de)硅片被(bei)組合(he)，形成龐大(da)的(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)陣列(lie)，并產(chan)生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)夠電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車驅(qu)動(dong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而(er)這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)量還必須(xu)達到高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓、高(gao)功(gong)率的(de)程度，這(zhe)(zhe)就要有一(yi)個(ge)重要的(de)系統(tong)-電(dian)(dian)力控制(zhi)系統(tong)。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)臟部位就(jiu)(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)及其蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)，而運行系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)基本上(shang)是由電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、電(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)、電(dian)(dian)機來組(zu)成(cheng)。而在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車上(shang)其控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不僅僅控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)池(chi)），還要增加太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)所(suo)供應的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)飽和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)壓基本相同(tong)，可以直(zhi)接耦合，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)功(gong)率充(chong)(chong)足時，多(duo)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量進入(ru)儲能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)功(gong)率不足時由蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)完成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)力驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。這(zhe)些，必(bi)須由控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)來完成(cheng)。控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)就(jiu)(jiu)是對(dui)(dui)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)放電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程進行控(kong)(kong)制和(he)(he)保護，這(zhe)樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保證對(dui)(dui)整個電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)及其對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)驅動(dong)(dong)。最(zui)簡(jian)單的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)也應該起到以下三(san)個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用：

一是按照使(shi)用要求給出穩定(ding)的電壓、電流；

二是蓄電池過充電或過放電時可以報警或自動切(qie)斷電路；

三是(shi)負載(zai)發生短路時可以自動切(qie)斷電(dian)源電(dian)路。

控制系統是控制太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列板對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對(dui)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)，實現(xian)對(dui)太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)科學(xue)管(guan)理，指(zhi)示蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過壓、欠(qian)壓等(deng)(deng)運行狀態，具有(you)(you)兩(liang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)管(guan)理，或(huo)兩(liang)路(lu)(lu)(lu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)可以(yi)隨意設置為同時工作、分時工作或(huo)單獨工作等(deng)(deng)模式，同時具有(you)(you)負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)過流、短(duan)路(lu)(lu)(lu)保護功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，具有(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)自動化和(he)智能(neng)(neng)化水平。其(qi)硬件(jian)結構(gou)主要(yao)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)(cai)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、負(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)載(zai)輸(shu)出控制與檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、指(zhi)示或(huo)顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)及鍵盤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)(deng)部分組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)(cai)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)包括太(tai)(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板和(he)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓采(cai)(cai)集(ji)，用于太(tai)(tai)陽光(guang)線(xian)強弱(ruo)的(de)(de)識別以(yi)及蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)獲取(qu)等(deng)(deng)。

在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動源(yuan)控制系(xi)(xi)統利用(yong)子(zi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)控制功能對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管(guan)理時(shi)(shi)，若太(tai)陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)正常充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)(shi)，控制器將關斷負(fu)載(zai)(zai)，以(yi)保(bao)證負(fu)載(zai)(zai)不(bu)被損傷，當(dang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)于(yu)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動關斷對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)掉至維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)進入(ru)浮充狀態，當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)低于(yu)維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，啟(qi)動的(de)(de)應當(dang)是(shi)均充狀態。當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，控制系(xi)(xi)統應當(dang)自(zi)動關閉負(fu)載(zai)(zai)開(kai)關，以(yi)保(bao)護蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)受損壞。在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)關閉后，有(you)兩路充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路可選擇使(shi)用(yong)，在太(tai)陽光(guang)照較強時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動啟(qi)動太(tai)陽能光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)板充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，使(shi)其發揮更大功效，或使(shi)用(yong)外充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)進行快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控制系(xi)統的軟件(jian)設計與硬件(jian)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)是相對(dui)應的，包括(kuo)有主程(cheng)序(xu)、定時中(zhong)斷程(cheng)序(xu)、A/D轉換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、外部轉換(huan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)及(ji)鍵盤處理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)管理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)、負(fu)載(zai)管理(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)等(deng)。作為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)的“心臟(zang)”——電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源的控制系(xi)統，不(bu)僅僅需要(yao)具備(bei)基(ji)本(ben)(ben)的電(dian)(dian)力(li)控制功能(neng)，還要(yao)能(neng)體現現代(dai)控制理(li)念，也就是達(da)到“一體化”控制，并實(shi)現“智(zhi)能(neng)化”的控制管理(li)能(neng)力(li)，在基(ji)本(ben)(ben)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統基(ji)礎(chu)上，“智(zhi)能(neng)化”的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)源控制系(xi)統是以電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)為(wei)控制中(zhong)心，增加了以鍵盤輸入、遙控及(ji)液晶顯示組成的人工界面模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，還增加了以安全(quan)報警模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)，在內部控制算法還可(ke)(ke)采取模(mo)糊控制或其它智(zhi)能(neng)控制算法實(shi)現，此(ci)外還可(ke)(ke)以使用預留可(ke)(ke)擴(kuo)展(zhan)模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai).

太陽能電(dian)(dian)動車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器介紹(shao)

太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)動車的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)，要根據光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件的(de)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)容量(liang)來合理(li)選(xuan)(xuan)擇蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)容量(liang)，以便在陰雨天(tian)及晚上可以由蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)向負(fu)載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)。那么具體選(xuan)(xuan)擇何種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，不能不做各種蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)性(xing)能的(de)綜合分析。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)研發(fa)(fa)經(jing)歷(li)是從鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開始的(de)(de)，鉛(qian)酸動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經(jing)歷(li)了(le)100余(yu)年(nian)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)人們研發(fa)(fa)了(le)鎳氫動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)及繼而(er)又研發(fa)(fa)了(le)鋰(li)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之后(hou)，便被業內(nei)猜測該退(tui)出歷(li)史舞臺了(le)。然(ran)(ran)而(er)，鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍然(ran)(ran)是大量生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)列。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為比(bi)較成熟的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術(shu)雖然(ran)(ran)比(bi)能(neng)量、比(bi)功率和能(neng)量密度都比(bi)較低，但是高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)性價比(bi)及高(gao)(gao)倍率放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，仍然(ran)(ran)成為唯一能(neng)大批(pi)量生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)主要(yao)應用(yong)于大量進入市場的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車(che)。但鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)應用(yong)尚(shang)存在(zai)續駛里程(cheng)短，使用(yong)壽命(ming)差、及體積大、質量重、不(bu)環(huan)保等缺點，不(bu)僅(jin)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)應用(yong)上(shang)受到阻(zu)礙，想成為太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上(shang)的(de)(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)范疇應用(yong)其(qi)難度是可想而(er)知的(de)(de)。

鎳氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)出現以前(qian)，曾在(zai)電(dian)(dian)動汽車上廣(guang)泛試用，其比能量(liang)達到(dao)75~80Wh/kg，比功率達160~230w/kg，循環使用壽命(ming)超過600次。由于(yu)(yu)鎳氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)安全性方面較有優勢(shi)，所(suo)以在(zai)混(hun)合動力汽車的應(ying)用方面已經達到(dao)趨于(yu)(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的境界。應(ying)用比較好(hao)的汽車廠(chang)商(shang)如(ru)日本豐田、美國(guo)通用等(deng)公司(si)。但鎳氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)價格(ge)上遠高(gao)于(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，以及(ji)能量(liang)密度低(di)于(yu)(yu)鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，所(suo)以，難以成(cheng)(cheng)為太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)動汽車的首選(xuan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是通過(guo)(guo)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板給予充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（在光(guang)照不足時也可以(yi)通過(guo)(guo)外(wai)接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為了最大限度(du)地降(jiang)低整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)，方(fang)便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行，選擇大容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高倍率蓄(xu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，是太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳選擇。雖然鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本相(xiang)比(bi)(bi)有所增加，但在相(xiang)同容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下(xia)，比(bi)(bi)采用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)減輕4倍以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)，因為鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、循環壽命、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率及環保(bao)諸多方(fang)面都具有優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可達150Wh/kg，是鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍以(yi)上，鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍以(yi)上。由(you)(you)于(yu)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)是鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四分(fen)(fen)之一(yi)，從這個角度(du)分(fen)(fen)析鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源(yuan)(yuan)就少。由(you)(you)于(yu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)所用元素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲(chu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，資源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)(jiao)豐(feng)富，因此，鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和鎳氫蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)會(hui)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)漲價，鋰(li)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)成本反(fan)而會(hui)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)降(jiang)低。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源系統采用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)減輕重量(liang)，提(ti)高(gao)整個(ge)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕便性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。另(ling)外(wai)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單位體(ti)積能(neng)(neng)量(liang)很大(da)，高(gao)達(da)400Wh/L，相同容量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)積是(shi)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之一到(dao)(dao)四分之一，為(wei)(wei)(wei)進(jin)行(xing)輕巧、靈活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計要求提(ti)供了更為(wei)(wei)(wei)廣闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計空(kong)間。另(ling)外(wai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽命(ming)長，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)循環次數可達(da)1500次以上。作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)如果有好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監控管(guan)理系統，在(zai)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時達(da)到(dao)(dao)均衡程度，仍然(ran)可達(da)1000次以上。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時常(chang)常(chang)可以浮充或淺放(fang)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)壽命(ming)不(bu)(bu)會像純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)那樣短。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)一個(ge)優(you)(you)點(dian)是(shi)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率低，這(zhe)在(zai)連續陰天和(he)(he)在(zai)夜間蓄(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)都有相當大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)處，可以提(ti)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)。在(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)保持60%~80%計算，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)年限應不(bu)(bu)低于(yu)(yu)3~5年，壽命(ming)相當于(yu)(yu)鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)倍左(zuo)右。由于(yu)(yu)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)含鉛和(he)(he)鎘等(deng)重金屬，被(bei)業(ye)內稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)綠色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。隨著我國鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)，特別在(zai)鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、管(guan)理、控制技術的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)突破并(bing)會不(bu)(bu)斷提(ti)高(gao)水平，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)也(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)長，性(xing)價(jia)比也(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)有優(you)(you)勢，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)也(ye)會越(yue)(yue)(yue)來(lai)(lai)(lai)越(yue)(yue)(yue)廣泛(fan)。鋰(li)(li)離(li)(li)子(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)不(bu)(bu)僅在(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上、純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)上，和(he)(he)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)汽車(che)得到(dao)(dao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，還會在(zai)航(hang)空(kong)、航(hang)海等(deng)領域得到(dao)(dao)廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)所在就是(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)。太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)當然也在于此。無論(lun)采用何種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)當然也在于此。無論(lun)采用何種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)負載，其(qi)設計和使用目標都(dou)是(shi)為滿足電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)行駛需(xu)要。由于直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)調整性能(neng)，早(zao)期(qi)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)大(da)多采用了直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。近代電(dian)(dian)子技(ji)術和控制(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，交(jiao)流(liu)感應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、永磁(ci)無刷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、開關阻(zu)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用范圍逐步擴大(da)、性能(neng)越來(lai)越完(wan)善，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)所用的(de)(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)也由這(zhe)些電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)所取代。總的(de)(de)(de)(de)趨(qu)勢是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)將取代直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)。

大多(duo)數太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)雙線圈(quan)交(jiao)流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)交(jiao)流(liu)無(wu)刷(shua)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)輕質(zhi)材(cai)料制造，非常適合于太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)“輕”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求，在(zai)(zai)額定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)）達到99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)效率。這(zhe)比以(yi)前(qian)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)直(zhi)接引導式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)力(li)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置要(yao)先進。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置也稱其為機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)系(xi)統還有(you)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)統汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)速(su)(su)器、傳(chuan)動(dong)軸、后橋和(he)半軸等部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)通過鏈條和(he)履帶(dai)(dai)同(tong)一(yi)個單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，與車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)鏈接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引導式(shi)(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置要(yao)比機(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)驅(qu)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置先進了一(yi)步。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)傳(chuan)送動(dong)力(li)給車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)，但這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)頻(pin)履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)(xu)要(yao)精確地安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)和(he)有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配置。2013年，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)多(duo)齒輪(lun)(lun)(lun)傳(chuan)送裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置已經被淘汰，雙線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)成為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置。在(zai)(zai)雙線圈(quan)之間轉(zhuan)換改變(bian)了電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度(du)，低(di)速(su)(su)線圈(quan)能(neng)(neng)為太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟(qi)動(dong)和(he)減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)力(li)矩，而高速(su)(su)線圈(quan)則(ze)為汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)運行(xing)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)高效率和(he)最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)效果(guo)。特別在(zai)(zai)軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)設計中，一(yi)個軸式(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)去除了許(xu)多(duo)外(wai)加的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送設備，這(zhe)大大提(ti)(ti)高了駕駛車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效率，縮減(jian)(jian)了用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于驅(qu)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)而需(xu)(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式形成(cheng)獨(du)特的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，使結構更(geng)加(jia)緊(jin)湊(cou)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)主要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)模式。而(er)輪(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機直接裝在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)車(che)輪(lun)里，用來直接驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)。這種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式不(bu)但提高了(le)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)，不(bu)占電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)本身和(he)底盤空間，而(er)且減少了(le)車(che)輛的(de)(de)懸掛重量，截止2013年，所(suo)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)主要采取的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)計方案。輪(lun)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)以(yi)兩輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可(ke)以(yi)設(she)計四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)設(she)計中應該是(shi)最(zui)佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方案。