太陽(yang)能(neng)電動車怎么樣

太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是可(ke)再生、可(ke)持續性發展的(de)戰略能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)。當華爾街風(feng)暴(bao)席卷全球(qiu)時，各(ge)先進(jin)(jin)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)國家無不在(zai)(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)領域下(xia)賭注、投資(zi)本，以(yi)期獲(huo)得經濟(ji)復興。特(te)別是以(yi)汽(qi)車(che)產業為經濟(ji)支柱的(de)國家，尤其在(zai)(zai)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車(che)動力(li)上力(li)圖(tu)有所創新(xin)和發展，如在(zai)(zai)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)、燃料電(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽(qi)車(che)領域紛紛投入巨資(zi)，而在(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)汽(qi)車(che)領域更是探索不止，力(li)度加(jia)大。由(you)于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)是各(ge)種可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)中最重要的(de)基本能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)，通(tong)過轉換裝(zhuang)置把太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)輻射(she)能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉換成(cheng)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)利用，屬于太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)發電(dian)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)。光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換裝(zhuang)置通(tong)常是利用半導體器(qi)件的(de)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)效應(ying)原(yuan)理進(jin)(jin)行光(guang)(guang)電(dian)轉換的(de)，因此也稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)，又稱(cheng)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

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據報道，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏技術不僅在(zai)先進技術國(guo)(guo)家得(de)到(dao)(dao)快速(su)發(fa)展，中國(guo)(guo)的(de)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)產業也以每年20%~30%的(de)速(su)度(du)增長。到(dao)(dao)2020年，太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)領域的(de)銷售額將增加一(yi)倍，屆時(shi)中國(guo)(guo)將有1%的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源消耗來(lai)自(zi)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。今后(hou)幾年，我國(guo)(guo)太陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使用(yong)(yong)不僅在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源領域會獲(huo)得(de)飛(fei)速(su)發(fa)展，在(zai)汽車領域的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)也會得(de)到(dao)(dao)不斷(duan)的(de)提高。

太陽能電動車車身特點

1、結(jie)構(gou)具有輕(qing)、小、巧、美(mei)四大特性。車型輕(qing)，能大幅(fu)度減輕(qing)能源的(de)消耗(hao)，降低成本；車身(shen)小，可(ke)在(zai)城市中(zhong)心地帶(dai)穿街走(zou)巷行駛（不(bu)超過兩人(ren)并(bing)排騎自行車占用(yong)(yong)的(de)道路面積），增(zeng)加道路流量，改善交通狀況；結(jie)構(gou)設計巧妙、實(shi)用(yong)(yong)、緊湊、堅固、耐用(yong)(yong)；流線型外觀，造(zao)型美(mei)觀大方。

2、以光、電(dian)(dian)代(dai)替油，可節約有(you)限的石油資源。白天(tian)，太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池把(ba)光能(neng)轉換為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)自動(dong)(dong)存儲在動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池中。在晚間或陰(yin)雨天(tian)，可以利用家用交流電(dian)(dian)（220V）進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，確保車輛照常行(xing)駛。

3、節能(neng)，本發(fa)明的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)，耗(hao)能(neng)少，只(zhi)需采用3-4平(ping)米的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)池組件便可(ke)行駛起來。燃油汽車(che)在(zai)能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)過程中要遵守卡諾(nuo)循環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)規律(lv)來做功，熱效率(lv)比(bi)較低，約為12%-15%，只(zhi)有1/3左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)用在(zai)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛前(qian)(qian)進上，其余2/3左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)損失在(zai)發(fa)動(dong)機和驅動(dong)鏈上；而太(tai)陽能(neng)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)換(huan)不(bu)受卡諾(nuo)循環(huan)規律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)限制(zhi)，熱效率(lv)要高(gao)得(de)多(duo)，可(ke)達到34%-40%，90%的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)用于(yu)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)車(che)輛前(qian)(qian)進。

4、高度重(zhong)(zhong)視安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)，將主動安(an)全(quan)性列(lie)為重(zhong)(zhong)要問題(ti)考慮，在(zai)車(che)身的前部特別設(she)計內保險結構，保障駕駛員(yuan)的生命安(an)全(quan)，每個座位上都設(she)有三(san)點式安(an)全(quan)帶、座椅(yi)頭枕。另外(wai)，前后保險杠、高位剎車(che)燈(deng)、轉向(xiang)燈(deng)、前大燈(deng)、尾燈(deng)、后視鏡、安(an)全(quan)擋風玻璃、雨(yu)刮器等(deng)配(pei)置一應俱全(quan)，而且還可以(yi)選裝(zhuang)兒(er)童安(an)全(quan)座椅(yi)等(deng)選配(pei)裝(zhuang)置。

5、作為(wei)一(yi)種低速車，其(qi)設計(ji)、生產和安(an)全(quan)標準(zhun)與傳(chuan)統(tong)轎(jiao)車相(xiang)比毫不(bu)遜色(se)。前(qian)后均有獨立(li)懸掛，四輪鼓式制動(dong)，采用創新前(qian)橋和傳(chuan)向系統(tong)，30km/h速度到停(ting)止的剎車距離不(bu)超過7.3米(mi)。

6、無污(wu)染。因為(wei)不用燃(ran)油(you)，本車不會排放污(wu)染大(da)氣的(de)有害氣體。

7、無噪音(yin)。沒有內燃機(ji)，行駛時不會聽到(dao)燃油(you)汽車的轟鳴聲。

8、使用(yong)費用(yong)低廉。車上配有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器和充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)器，有兩路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源可向(xiang)(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有太(tai)陽光時，太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組件通過充(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)器向(xiang)(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公(gong)里行駛成本為零；無(wu)太(tai)陽光時，隨時隨地都能(neng)(neng)用(yong)家用(yong)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，通過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器向(xiang)(xiang)動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，公(gong)里行駛成本為3分錢。

9、易駕駛。無需(xu)電子點(dian)火，只需(xu)踩(cai)踏加速板(ban)便可(ke)啟(qi)動，利用(yong)控制(zhi)器控制(zhi)車速，勿需(xu)換檔、踩(cai)離合(he)器，簡化(hua)了駕駛的復雜性，避免了因操作失誤而造成(cheng)的事(shi)故隱(yin)患，安全性高。特(te)別適合(he)婦女和(he)老年人駕駛。

10、方(fang)便。由于車(che)身結構簡單，除(chu)了定期(qi)更換(huan)動力電池外，基本不需(xu)日常(chang)保養，省(sheng)卻(que)了傳統汽車(che)必(bi)須經(jing)常(chang)更換(huan)機油、添加(jia)冷卻(que)水等定期(qi)養護(hu)的煩惱。小(xiao)巧玲瓏的車(che)身，可以輕(qing)而易舉(ju)地(di)將車(che)泊(bo)入擁擠不堪的都市停車(che)場。

11、太陽能電動車的(de)最大優勢是(shi)環(huan)保、節能(neng)、安(an)全、經濟(ji)，批量(liang)生產的(de)成本將(jiang)控制(zhi)在人民幣5-6千元左右，其市場目(mu)標鎖定在普(pu)通(tong)百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)家庭，將(jiang)成為中國(guo)老百(bai)(bai)姓(xing)買得(de)起、用(yong)得(de)起、開得(de)動的(de)物美價廉的(de)交通(tong)工具產品。

太陽能電動車電池特點

1、適(shi)合為48V配置的(de)電(dian)動車野外(wai)或行駛(shi)途中補充電(dian)源。

2、太陽能充電器可以實現一(yi)邊(bian)行駛(shi)、一(yi)邊(bian)充電，幫助(zhu)電動車增加行程達50%以上(shang)。

3、太陽能(neng)充電(dian)器，既增(zeng)強電(dian)動車行駛(shi)、 爬(pa)坡的動力，又減輕電(dian)機的負載磨損。

4、太陽能充電(dian)(dian)器及時對放電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)的電(dian)(dian)動車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)補充電(dian)(dian)量，對于減輕蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板硫化，延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽(shou)命效果顯著。同時又能長期節省電(dian)(dian)費開支，是降低(di)電(dian)(dian)動車的使用成本(ben)的好幫手。

5、太陽(yang)能(neng)充(chong)電器安(an)裝方便，美觀(guan)適用，節能(neng)環保(bao)。

6、本產品使用壽命(ming)可(ke)達(da)12年左(zuo)右(you)，應用價值很(hen)高。

太陽能電動車的驅動方式

太陽能電動車(che)因具(ju)所(suo)選(xuan)擇的元(yuan)件不同，布置方(fang)案也(ye)有所(suo)不同。

主要有3大類：

1、傳統型驅動方式

這種布置方(fang)式容(rong)易實現，操(cao)作和控制簡單。但能量(liang)損耗較高(gao)、噪聲(sheng)較大、整車(che)質(zhi)量(liang)較重(zhong)、行駛速度(du)較低、續駛里程較短。

2、減速驅動方式

這種(zhong)方(fang)式便于布置、較易驅動、質(zhi)量輕、噪聲小(xiao)。但(dan)控制相對復雜，并有一定的能量損耗。

3、獨立驅動方式

這種驅(qu)動方式動力傳動系元件(jian)最少、結構(gou)最簡單、噪(zao)聲最低、車(che)重最輕、可控(kong)性好，但造價高，控(kong)制成為關(guan)鍵(jian)問(wen)題(ti)。

太陽能電動車工作原理

陽光照射電池陣列時，產生光生電流。能量（電流）通過峰值功率跟(gen)蹤器(qi)2被(bei)直(zhi)接(jie)傳(chuan)送到電(dian)機(ji)控制(zhi)器(qi)中，驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)5旋轉(zhuan)，使車輛行駛。剩(sheng)余電(dian)量(liang)由(you)(you)蓄電(dian)池(chi)儲存(cun)起來，以便(bian)太陽電(dian)池(chi)板電(dian)量(liang)不足(zu)或陰雨天氣時(shi)驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機(ji)。這一過程由(you)(you)控制(zhi)器(qi)控制(zhi)。車輛的啟動(dong)(dong)、加(jia)速、轉(zhuan)向、制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)由(you)(you)駕(jia)駛員操縱。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池是一(yi)種對光(guang)有(you)(you)(you)響應并能將(jiang)光(guang)轉換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力的(de)(de)器件裝置。能產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)光(guang)伏(fu)效應的(de)(de)材料有(you)(you)(you)許多(duo)種，如單晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、多(duo)晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、非(fei)晶硅(gui)(gui)(gui)、砷化(hua)鎵、硒銦銅等(deng)，它們(men)的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)原(yuan)理基(ji)本相同。以晶體為(wei)例：P型晶體硅(gui)(gui)(gui)經(jing)過(guo)摻雜(za)磷可得N型硅(gui)(gui)(gui)，形成(cheng)(cheng)P-N結(jie)。當光(guang)線照射太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)(dian)池陣(zhen)列(lie)板的(de)(de)表面時，一(yi)部分(fen)光(guang)子(zi)(zi)被硅(gui)(gui)(gui)材料吸收，光(guang)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)能量傳(chuan)遞(di)給了(le)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)了(le)躍遷，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)自由(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)，在P-N結(jie)兩側集驟形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位差，當外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)接通時，在該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)作用下，將(jiang)會(hui)有(you)(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，從(cong)而(er)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)輸出功率。這個過(guo)程的(de)(de)實質是：光(guang)子(zi)(zi)能量轉換(huan)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)過(guo)程。太陽(yang)能陣(zhen)列(lie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池板是由(you)(you)光(guang)敏(min)半導體材料制成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)，大多(duo)使用硅(gui)(gui)(gui)化(hua)合物。

根據所用材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)不(bu)同(tong)，太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池板可分為(wei)：硅太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池；以(yi)無機鹽如砷(shen)化(hua)鎵III-V化(hua)合物、硫化(hua)鎘(ge)、硒銦銅等多元化(hua)合物為(wei)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池；功能(neng)高(gao)分子材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)制備的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池；和納(na)米晶太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池等。不(bu)論(lun)以(yi)何(he)種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)來制作電(dian)(dian)池，對(dui)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)一般(ban)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)有(you)：半(ban)導體材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)禁帶不(bu)能(neng)太(tai)(tai)寬；要(yao)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)光電(dian)(dian)轉換效率；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)本身對(dui)環境不(bu)造(zao)成污染；材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)便于(yu)工業(ye)化(hua)生產(chan)且(qie)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)性能(neng)穩定。基于(yu)以(yi)上幾個方(fang)面考慮，硅是(shi)最理想的(de)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)，這(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池板以(yi)硅材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)主的(de)主要(yao)原因。

太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)是(shi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)核心部分，也是(shi)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中(zhong)價值最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)部分。其作用(yong)是(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)的(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，或(huo)送(song)往蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)中(zhong)存儲起來(lai)，或(huo)推動(dong)(dong)負載工作。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和成本(ben)將(jiang)直接決定整個系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和成本(ben)。太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)控(kong)制器的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)管(guan)理和控(kong)制整個系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態，并對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)起到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護、過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，與純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源(yuan)控(kong)制管(guan)理系(xi)統具有相同的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。在溫差較大的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方，合(he)格的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制器還應具備溫度(du)補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)。其它附加功(gong)能(neng)(neng)如光控(kong)、時(shi)控(kong)等應當都是(shi)控(kong)制器的(de)(de)(de)可選項(xiang)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)是(shi)在有光照時(shi)將(jiang)太(tai)(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)件(jian)所提供出的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)儲存起來(lai)，到需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)再釋放(fang)出來(lai)。

太陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件是(shi)由(you)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)拼接組(zu)成，或由(you)折疊式支架拼接組(zu)成陣(zhen)列(lie)。因(yin)為(wei)單(dan)個(ge)(ge)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)（如硅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓太低(di)，所以都要把它們串、并聯(lian)構成有實(shi)用價值的(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)，陣(zhen)列(lie)成一個(ge)(ge)應(ying)用單(dan)元(yuan)，然后根(gen)據供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求，再由(you)多個(ge)(ge)應(ying)用單(dan)元(yuan)的(de)串、并聯(lian)組(zu)成整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)太陽能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)的(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)組(zu)件。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)是(shi)太陽能光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)儲能裝置，在夜(ye)間或光(guang)(guang)(guang)照不足(zu)及負載消耗超(chao)出(chu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量時，由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)向負載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。為(wei)了減(jian)輕整(zheng)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)統的(de)重量，應(ying)采用高(gao)能蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)。

太陽能電動汽車與燃油汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)在動(dong)(dong)力結構(gou)(gou)上有(you)很大的(de)不同(tong)(tong)，但(dan)與純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)結構(gou)(gou)卻有(you)許多相同(tong)(tong)之處。所(suo)不同(tong)(tong)的(de)是純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式必須(xu)依靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，而太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)來(lai)(lai)自于太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)兩種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式，而純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)不必背(bei)負(fu)巨大的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)陳列電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板。當太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)板產生電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，與控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)和儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)連接后，再由(you)另一端連接負(fu)載，負(fu)載就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)（驅動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)）。一般在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)運行時(shi)(shi)，被轉換(huan)的(de)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)直(zhi)運送(song)到負(fu)載，而在停駛或太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)足(zu)時(shi)(shi)，剩余部分的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)向(xiang)(xiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)并儲(chu)存起來(lai)(lai)，當太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)不足(zu)時(shi)(shi)，由(you)太(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)向(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)載供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)；當汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)減(jian)速或剎車(che)時(shi)(shi)，還應設計(ji)“回授性制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)”，將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量通過控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)器，將(jiang)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)變成發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，反向(xiang)(xiang)進入(ru)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行儲(chu)存。用互補式不間斷供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)技術，改變嚴重依賴天氣的(de)缺陷，完善電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。

在設計電動車整個供電系統時應綜合考慮以下幾個方面：

一(yi)是光(guang)(guang)強與負載。太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏電池(chi)是一(yi)種(zhong)光(guang)(guang)電轉(zhuan)換裝(zhuang)置，其輸(shu)出(chu)功率的(de)(de)大小(xiao)取(qu)決于光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強度，要拼(pin)裝(zhuang)多大的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能光(guang)(guang)伏電池(chi)組(zu)件主要取(qu)決于能夠接受光(guang)(guang)照的(de)(de)強度及所用(yong)負載的(de)(de)大小(xiao)。

二是蓄電池組的選擇。要根據光伏電池組合的發電容量來選擇蓄電池組的容量(liang)，以(yi)便在(zai)陰雨天及晚上可以(yi)由蓄電(dian)池向負載供電(dian)，為了減輕系統(tong)重要，最好選用(yong)高比能量(liang)的蓄電(dian)池。

三(san)是(shi)機(ji)械強。考慮(lv)到(dao)電動汽車的整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)供電系(xi)統(tong)都是(shi)在運動和運行(xing)中(zhong)使用(yong)，必須考慮(lv)系(xi)統(tong)的機(ji)械強度，耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性，耐(nai)氣候(hou)變化等(deng)各種因素。太陽能光伏電池組(zu)陣列應采取(qu)高(gao)(gao)強度鋼化玻璃外殼(ke)，支架系(xi)統(tong)應采用(yong)高(gao)(gao)強度材料。使整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)供電系(xi)統(tong)具有便于(yu)運行(xing)、重量(liang)輕、效率高(gao)(gao)、可靠性好、造價(jia)低等(deng)優勢。

太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電池板是將(jiang)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉變為(wei)電能(neng)(neng)，是因(yin)為(wei)光子(zi)(zi)在日(ri)光下(xia)產(chan)(chan)生能(neng)(neng)量(liang)帶動(dong)電子(zi)(zi)從(cong)一個(ge)半運(yun)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)金屬粒子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)一層(ceng)轉移(yi)到另一層(ceng)面，電子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)動(dong)產(chan)(chan)生了通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)電力(li)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電池板可以由光電轉化率、能(neng)(neng)量(liang)比大小來選擇。由于(yu)許(xu)多獨立(li)的(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)片被組合，形成龐大的(de)(de)(de)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)陣(zhen)列，并產(chan)(chan)生能(neng)(neng)夠電動(dong)汽車驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)電能(neng)(neng)，而這種電能(neng)(neng)量(liang)還(huan)必須達(da)到高(gao)電壓(ya)、高(gao)功(gong)率的(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)度，這就要有一個(ge)重要的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)-電力(li)控制系統(tong)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)臟部位就是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源及其蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，而(er)運(yun)行系統(tong)(tong)基(ji)本上(shang)是(shi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)(kong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機來(lai)組成。而(er)在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)其控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)僅僅控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)），還(huan)要增加太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)陣列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所供(gong)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組飽和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓基(ji)本相同，可以(yi)直接(jie)耦(ou)合，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)功(gong)(gong)率充(chong)足(zu)時，多余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量進(jin)入儲能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)光(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)(gong)率不(bu)(bu)足(zu)時由(you)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)完(wan)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)任務。這些，必須(xu)由(you)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)來(lai)完(wan)成。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)就是(shi)對充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過程進(jin)行控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)和保護，這樣才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)保證(zheng)對整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)源系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正常充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及其對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)。最簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)也應該起(qi)到(dao)以(yi)下三個方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用：

一是按照使用要(yao)求給出穩定(ding)的電(dian)壓、電(dian)流(liu)；

二是蓄電(dian)池過充(chong)電(dian)或過放電(dian)時可以報警或自動(dong)切斷電(dian)路；

三是負載發生(sheng)短路(lu)時可以自動(dong)切斷電源電路(lu)。

控(kong)制系統(tong)是控(kong)制太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)陣(zhen)列板(ban)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以及蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)對負(fu)(fu)載的(de)(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，實現對太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)科學(xue)管理(li)，指示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過壓(ya)(ya)、欠壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)運行(xing)狀態，具(ju)有兩路(lu)負(fu)(fu)載輸出的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)，或兩路(lu)負(fu)(fu)載可以隨意設置(zhi)為同(tong)時工作、分時工作或單獨工作等(deng)模式，同(tong)時具(ju)有負(fu)(fu)載過流、短路(lu)保護(hu)功能(neng)(neng)，具(ju)有較高的(de)(de)(de)自動化和(he)智能(neng)(neng)化水平。其硬(ying)件結(jie)構(gou)主要由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)采(cai)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、負(fu)(fu)載輸出控(kong)制與檢測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、指示或顯示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)及鍵盤電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)部分組成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)采(cai)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包(bao)括太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)板(ban)和(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)采(cai)集，用(yong)于太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)線強弱的(de)(de)(de)識(shi)別以及蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)獲(huo)取(qu)等(deng)。

在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)利用(yong)子系(xi)統(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)制功能(neng)對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)管理(li)時(shi)(shi)，若太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正常充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)(kong)制器將(jiang)關(guan)(guan)斷負載(zai)(zai)(zai)，以保(bao)證負載(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)(bu)被損(sun)傷，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)斷對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；此后(hou)若電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)掉至維護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)(jin)入浮充(chong)(chong)狀態，當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)低(di)于維護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)應(ying)當(dang)是均充(chong)(chong)狀態。當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于保(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)應(ying)當(dang)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)(guan)閉負載(zai)(zai)(zai)開關(guan)(guan)，以保(bao)護(hu)(hu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不(bu)(bu)受損(sun)壞。在(zai)(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負載(zai)(zai)(zai)關(guan)(guan)閉后(hou)，有兩路(lu)(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)可選擇(ze)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，在(zai)(zai)太(tai)陽(yang)光(guang)照較強時(shi)(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)，使(shi)(shi)其發揮更大功效，或使(shi)(shi)用(yong)外充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源進(jin)(jin)行快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

太陽(yang)能電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統的(de)軟件設計與硬件電(dian)路(lu)是相對應的(de)，包括有主程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、定時中斷程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、A/D轉(zhuan)換子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、外部(bu)轉(zhuan)換子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)及鍵(jian)盤處理子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、充放(fang)電(dian)管理子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)、負載管理子(zi)(zi)(zi)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)等。作(zuo)為(wei)太陽(yang)能電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車的(de)“心(xin)臟”——電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統，不(bu)僅僅需要(yao)具備基(ji)本的(de)電(dian)力控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功能，還(huan)要(yao)能體(ti)現現代(dai)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理念，也就是達到“一體(ti)化(hua)(hua)”控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，并(bing)實(shi)現“智能化(hua)(hua)”的(de)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理能力，在基(ji)本電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)電(dian)力系統基(ji)礎(chu)上，“智能化(hua)(hua)”的(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)源(yuan)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)系統是以(yi)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)模(mo)塊(kuai)為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中心(xin)，增(zeng)加了以(yi)鍵(jian)盤輸(shu)入、遙控及液晶顯示(shi)組成的(de)人(ren)工(gong)界面模(mo)塊(kuai)，還(huan)增(zeng)加了以(yi)安(an)全報警模(mo)塊(kuai)，在內部(bu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法還(huan)可采(cai)取模(mo)糊(hu)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)其它智能控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算法實(shi)現，此外還(huan)可以(yi)使(shi)用預留可擴(kuo)展模(mo)塊(kuai).

太陽能電動車(che)充電器介紹

太陽能電(dian)(dian)動車的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)，要(yao)根(gen)據光(guang)伏電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)件的發電(dian)(dian)容量來(lai)合理選擇蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的容量，以便在陰雨天及晚上可(ke)以由蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)向負(fu)載供電(dian)(dian)。那(nei)么具體選擇何種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，不能不做各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)性能的綜(zong)合分析。

電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的研(yan)發(fa)(fa)經歷是(shi)從鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)開始的，鉛酸動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)經歷了(le)100余年的發(fa)(fa)展，在(zai)(zai)人們研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了(le)鎳氫動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)及(ji)繼(ji)而(er)又研(yan)發(fa)(fa)了(le)鋰動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)之后，便(bian)被業內猜測該退出(chu)歷史舞臺了(le)。然而(er)，鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)仍(reng)然是(shi)大量生(sheng)產的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系列(lie)。鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為比(bi)較成熟(shu)的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)技術雖然比(bi)能量、比(bi)功率和能量密度都(dou)比(bi)較低，但是(shi)高(gao)的性價比(bi)及(ji)高(gao)倍率放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，仍(reng)然成為唯一能大批量生(sheng)產的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其主(zhu)要應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)于大量進入市場(chang)的電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自(zi)行車(che)(che)。但鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)尚(shang)存在(zai)(zai)續駛里程短，使用(yong)(yong)壽命差、及(ji)體積大、質量重(zhong)、不環(huan)保(bao)等缺點，不僅在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)上受到(dao)阻礙，想(xiang)成為太陽(yang)能電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)上的儲能電(dian)(dian)池(chi)范疇應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)其難(nan)度是(shi)可想(xiang)而(er)知的。

鎳(nie)氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)出現(xian)以(yi)前，曾在電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)上廣泛試用，其比能(neng)量(liang)達(da)(da)到(dao)75~80Wh/kg，比功(gong)率(lv)達(da)(da)160~230w/kg，循環使用壽(shou)命超(chao)過600次。由(you)于(yu)鎳(nie)氫(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在安全性方面較有優(you)勢，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)在混合動力汽(qi)車(che)的(de)應(ying)用方面已(yi)經達(da)(da)到(dao)趨于(yu)成(cheng)熟的(de)境界。應(ying)用比較好的(de)汽(qi)車(che)廠(chang)商如日本豐田、美國通用等公司。但鎳(nie)氫(qing)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在價格上遠高于(yu)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，以(yi)及能(neng)量(liang)密度(du)低于(yu)鋰離子蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)，難以(yi)成(cheng)為太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的(de)首選蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

太陽能電動汽車的蓄電池是(shi)通(tong)過太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)光伏(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)給予充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)（在光照不足時也可(ke)以通(tong)過外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）。為(wei)了最大(da)限度地(di)降低(di)整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，方便電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運行，選擇大(da)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)倍率(lv)蓄能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，是(shi)太陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最佳(jia)選擇。雖然鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)與鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成本(ben)(ben)相比(bi)(bi)有所增加，但在相同容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比(bi)(bi)采用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)減輕4倍以上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，因為(wei)鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、循(xun)環壽命(ming)、自放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)及環保諸(zhu)多方面都具有優越(yue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)。它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可(ke)達150Wh/kg，是(shi)鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍以上，鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍以上。由于比(bi)(bi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)分之一，從這個角度分析鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資源就少(shao)。由于鋰(li)(li)(li)離(li)子(zi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)所用元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儲量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)比(bi)(bi)較(jiao)多，資源較(jiao)豐富(fu)，因此，鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和鎳氫蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)會進一步(bu)漲價，鋰(li)(li)(li)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)成本(ben)(ben)反而會進一步(bu)降低(di)。

太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)源系統(tong)(tong)采用(yong)(yong)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)重(zhong)要的(de)是減輕重(zhong)量(liang)，提(ti)高整個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)輕便性(xing)能(neng)。另(ling)外它的(de)單位體(ti)積能(neng)量(liang)很(hen)大，高達(da)400Wh/L，相同容量(liang)的(de)體(ti)積是鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)三分之一到四分之一，為(wei)進(jin)行輕巧、靈活的(de)設計要求提(ti)供了(le)更為(wei)廣闊的(de)設計空(kong)間。另(ling)外鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)反(fan)復充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壽(shou)命長(chang)，單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)循環次數可(ke)達(da)1500次以(yi)上。作為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組如果有好(hao)的(de)監控管(guan)(guan)理(li)系統(tong)(tong)，在充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時達(da)到均衡程度，仍(reng)然可(ke)達(da)1000次以(yi)上。因為(wei)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時常常可(ke)以(yi)浮(fu)充或淺放，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組壽(shou)命不(bu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)像純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車那樣短。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)另(ling)一個(ge)優(you)(you)點是自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)低，這在連續陰(yin)天(tian)和(he)在夜間蓄(xu)(xu)存電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)都有相當大的(de)好(hao)處，可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的(de)性(xing)能(neng)。在鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)保持60%~80%計算，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)年限應(ying)不(bu)低于(yu)(yu)3~5年，壽(shou)命相當于(yu)(yu)鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)三倍左右(you)。由于(yu)(yu)鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)含鉛(qian)(qian)和(he)鎘等(deng)重(zhong)金屬，被業(ye)內稱為(wei)綠色環保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。隨著我國鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)技術(shu)的(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)高，特別在鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)、管(guan)(guan)理(li)、控制技術(shu)的(de)突破并會(hui)(hui)(hui)不(bu)斷提(ti)高水平(ping)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)長(chang)，性(xing)價比也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)有優(you)(you)勢，在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)也(ye)會(hui)(hui)(hui)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)廣泛(fan)。鋰(li)離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)動(dong)力型(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)僅在太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上、純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車上，和(he)燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)汽車得到廣泛(fan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)，還(huan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)在航空(kong)、航海(hai)等(deng)領域(yu)得到廣泛(fan)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。

太陽能電動汽車驅動系統

汽車(che)的(de)(de)功能所在就是(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)。太陽能電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)當(dang)然(ran)也在于此。無論采(cai)用(yong)何種電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)當(dang)然(ran)也在于此。無論采(cai)用(yong)何種電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)負載，其設(she)計和(he)使用(yong)目標都是(shi)為滿(man)足電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)行駛需要。由于直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)調整性(xing)能，早期開發(fa)的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)大(da)多采(cai)用(yong)了直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近代(dai)電(dian)子技(ji)術(shu)和(he)控(kong)制技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)感應電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、永磁(ci)無刷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、開關阻磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍(wei)逐(zhu)步擴大(da)、性(xing)能越來(lai)越完(wan)善，電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)所用(yong)的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)也由這些電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)所取代(dai)。總的(de)(de)趨勢是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)將取代(dai)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。

大多(duo)數太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)是(shi)雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)交(jiao)流無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)，這種交(jiao)流無(wu)刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)輕(qing)質材(cai)料制(zhi)造，非常(chang)適合于(yu)太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)“輕(qing)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，在額(e)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)RPM（每秒轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)）達到99%的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)效率。這比以(yi)前使(shi)用(yong)(yong)直接引導式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)先進。這種傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)也稱其為(wei)(wei)(wei)機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。這種機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)還有選用(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)速(su)(su)器、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸、后橋和(he)(he)半(ban)軸等部件的(de)(de)(de)(de)。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)通過(guo)鏈條和(he)(he)履帶(dai)同(tong)一個(ge)單一的(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)，與車(che)(che)輪(lun)鏈接的(de)(de)(de)(de)引導式(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)比機(ji)械驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)先進了一步。有的(de)(de)(de)(de)還使(shi)用(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力給車(che)(che)輪(lun)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，但這種變(bian)頻履帶(dai)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)精確(que)地安裝(zhuang)和(he)(he)有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)精細的(de)(de)(de)(de)配置(zhi)(zhi)。2013年，太陽能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)多(duo)齒(chi)輪(lun)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)已(yi)經被淘汰，雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)(zhi)。在雙線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之間轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)改變(bian)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)度，低速(su)(su)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)能(neng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太陽能(neng)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)減(jian)速(su)(su)提(ti)供(gong)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)力矩，而(er)高(gao)速(su)(su)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)則為(wei)(wei)(wei)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)運行提(ti)供(gong)高(gao)效率和(he)(he)最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)運行效果。特別在軸式(shi)(shi)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設計中，一個(ge)軸式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)去除了許(xu)多(duo)外加(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)送(song)(song)設備，這大大提(ti)高(gao)了駕駛(shi)車(che)(che)輛(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效率，縮減(jian)了用(yong)(yong)于(yu)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)輪(lun)而(er)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)。

軸式驅動系統結構更加緊湊，安裝和拆卸也更加方便，不占據車體空間，有利于布置蓄電池。而電動車機電一體化驅動系統是由左右兩個雙聯式電動機組成，分別驅動兩個車輪。在雙聯式電機之間裝有電子控制的差速器，用來控制雙聯電動機在車輛直線行駛時同步轉動和汽車轉彎時的差速轉動。機電一體化驅動系統僅采用兩根半軸來驅動車輪，使電動車的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)(shi)形成獨特(te)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，使結構更加(jia)緊湊(cou)，是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)模式(shi)(shi)。而(er)輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)直接(jie)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)車(che)輪(lun)里，用來(lai)直接(jie)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)。這種驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)不但提高了(le)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)效率(lv)，不占電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)本身(shen)和底(di)盤空間，而(er)且(qie)減少(shao)了(le)車(che)輛的(de)(de)懸掛重量，截止2013年，所有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)主(zhu)要采取的(de)(de)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)計(ji)方案。輪(lun)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)可(ke)以兩輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，也可(ke)以設(she)計(ji)四輪(lun)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。在太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)中應(ying)該是(shi)最佳驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方案。