一、輪轂電機有哪些優點

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1、省略大量傳動部件，讓車輛結構更簡單

對(dui)于傳統車輛(liang)來說，離合器、變速器、傳動(dong)軸、差速器乃至分動(dong)器都是必不(bu)(bu)可少(shao)的(de)，而這些部件(jian)不(bu)(bu)但(dan)重量不(bu)(bu)輕、讓車輛(liang)的(de)結構更(geng)(geng)為(wei)復(fu)雜，同時也存在需(xu)要定期維護和故障率的(de)問題。但(dan)是輪(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)(ji)就(jiu)很好地解決了這個問題。除了結構更(geng)(geng)為(wei)簡單之外，采(cai)用(yong)輪(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)的(de)車輛(liang)可以獲(huo)得更(geng)(geng)好的(de)空間利(li)用(yong)率，同時傳動(dong)效率也要高出不(bu)(bu)少(shao)。

2、可實現多種復雜的驅動方式

由于輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機(ji)具備單個(ge)車(che)(che)輪(lun)獨立驅動(dong)的(de)特(te)性(xing)，因此(ci)無論是前驅、后驅還是四(si)驅形(xing)式(shi)，它(ta)都可以比較輕松地實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)，全時四(si)驅在輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)的(de)車(che)(che)輛上實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)起來非(fei)常容易。同時輪(lun)轂(gu)(gu)電(dian)機(ji)可以通過左右(you)車(che)(che)輪(lun)的(de)不同轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速甚至(zhi)反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)類(lei)似履帶式(shi)車(che)(che)輛的(de)差動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)，大(da)大(da)減(jian)小車(che)(che)輛的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)彎半徑，在特(te)殊情(qing)況下(xia)幾乎(hu)可以實(shi)(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)原地轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(不過此(ci)時對車(che)(che)輛轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)機(ji)構和輪(lun)胎的(de)磨損(sun)較大(da))，對于特(te)種車(che)(che)輛很(hen)有價值。

3、便于采用多種新能源車技術

新能源(yuan)車(che)(che)型不少都采用(yong)電驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，因此輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)也就(jiu)派上了大用(yong)場。無論是純電動(dong)(dong)(dong)還是燃料電池電動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)，抑或是增(zeng)程電動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)，都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用(yong)輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)作(zuo)為主要驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力；即便是對于混合(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力車(che)(che)型，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)作(zuo)為起步或者急加速時的助力，可(ke)(ke)謂是一機(ji)多用(yong)。同時，新能源(yuan)車(che)(che)的很多技術(shu)，比(bi)如制動(dong)(dong)(dong)能量回收(即再生制動(dong)(dong)(dong))也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)很輕松地在(zai)輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)電機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)型上得以(yi)(yi)實現。

二、輪轂電機的缺點

1、增大簧下質量和輪轂的轉動慣量，對車輛的操控有所影響

對于普通民(min)用車(che)輛來說，常常用一些(xie)相(xiang)對輕質的材料比如鋁合金來制作(zuo)懸掛的部件，以減輕簧(huang)下質量，提(ti)升懸掛的響(xiang)應(ying)速度。可(ke)是輪轂(gu)電(dian)機恰好較大(da)(da)幅度地增大(da)(da)了簧(huang)下質量，同時也增加(jia)了輪轂(gu)的轉動(dong)慣量，這(zhe)對于車(che)輛的操控性(xing)能是不利的。不過考慮到(dao)電(dian)動(dong)車(che)型大(da)(da)多限于代(dai)步而(er)非追求(qiu)動(dong)力性(xing)能，這(zhe)一點尚不是最大(da)(da)缺陷。

2、電制動性能有限，維持制動系統運行需要消耗不少電能

現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力商用(yong)車(che)已經有不少裝備了利用(yong)渦流制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)原理(li)(即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔助減速設備，比如很多(duo)卡車(che)所用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)緩(huan)速器。而由于(yu)能源的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也(ye)是(shi)首選(xuan)，不過(guo)對(dui)于(yu)輪轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)輛，由于(yu)輪轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容量(liang)較小，不能滿足(zu)整車(che)制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求，都需要附加機(ji)(ji)械制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，但是(shi)對(dui)于(yu)普通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乘用(yong)車(che)，沒有了傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內(nei)燃機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真空(kong)(kong)泵，就(jiu)需要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真空(kong)(kong)泵來提供(gong)剎(cha)車(che)助力，但也(ye)就(jiu)意味了有著更(geng)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)消耗(hao)，即便是(shi)再生制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能回收一(yi)些能量(liang)，如果(guo)要確保制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效能，制動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)消耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)也(ye)是(shi)影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)續(xu)航里程的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要因素之一(yi)。

此外，輪轂電(dian)機工(gong)作(zuo)的環境惡劣(lie)，面臨水(shui)、灰塵等多方面影響(xiang)，在(zai)密封方面也有較高(gao)要求，同時(shi)在(zai)設計(ji)上也需(xu)要為輪轂電(dian)機單獨考(kao)慮散(san)熱問題。

三、輪轂電機的結構

輪(lun)轂電機(ji)由(you)定子、軸承、轉子、懸架軸承座、小型逆變器、傳統(tong)鋁合金(jin)輪(lun)圈組成(cheng)。

四、輪轂電機的發展前景

隨著(zhu)新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)驅動技(ji)(ji)術的(de)發展升(sheng)級，輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)機技(ji)(ji)術逐漸進入(ru)人們的(de)視野(ye)。輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)機技(ji)(ji)術被(bei)看(kan)作是新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)未來(lai)最佳(jia)的(de)驅動解決(jue)方案(an)。近年來(lai)，新(xin)能源汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)發展步伐加快，輪(lun)(lun)轂(gu)(gu)(gu)電(dian)機技(ji)(ji)術要迎(ying)來(lai)大展拳腳(jiao)的(de)好時機。

目(mu)前(qian)輪(lun)轂電機(ji)還有很多問題沒有解決，尚不能形成市場。但是隨(sui)著純電動汽車(che)的(de)保有量繼續增加，輪(lun)轂電機(ji)驅動技術的(de)普(pu)遍應(ying)用(yong)已經指(zhi)日(ri)可待。目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)內(nei)輪(lun)轂電機(ji)制造(zao)商(shang)以(yi)及新能源(yuan)汽車(che)企業對輪(lun)轂電機(ji)市場充滿信心，正(zheng)在加緊產業化布局及市場推(tui)廣。

輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)技術具備(bei)很大(da)的(de)優勢，它(ta)布局更(geng)為靈(ling)活，不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)機(ji)(ji)械傳動(dong)系統。但同時它(ta)也有自(zi)己的(de)顯著不足，比如密封和起(qi)步電(dian)(dian)流／扭矩間的(de)平衡關系，以及(ji)轉向時驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)輪的(de)差速問題(ti)等(deng)等(deng)。輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)系統是純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車未(wei)(wei)來的(de)先進驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)方式(shi)，高品質輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)其驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)控(kong)制系統目(mu)前(qian)已經(jing)成為國(guo)內外電(dian)(dian)氣工(gong)程領(ling)域的(de)重要(yao)(yao)研究對(dui)象。而在我國(guo)，輪轂(gu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)技術將在未(wei)(wei)來的(de)新能源車中擁有廣闊(kuo)的(de)前(qian)景。