一、輪轂電機有哪些優點

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1、省略大量傳動部件，讓車輛結構更簡單

對于傳統車輛來說，離合器(qi)、變速(su)器(qi)、傳動(dong)(dong)軸、差速(su)器(qi)乃至分動(dong)(dong)器(qi)都是必(bi)不可(ke)少(shao)的(de)，而這些部件不但重量不輕、讓車輛的(de)結構更為復(fu)雜(za)，同(tong)時(shi)也存(cun)在(zai)需要(yao)定期維護和故(gu)障率(lv)的(de)問(wen)題。但是輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)就很好地(di)解決(jue)了這個問(wen)題。除了結構更為簡單(dan)之外，采用(yong)輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)的(de)車輛可(ke)以(yi)獲得更好的(de)空間(jian)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)，同(tong)時(shi)傳動(dong)(dong)效率(lv)也要(yao)高出不少(shao)。

2、可實現多種復雜的驅動方式

由于輪轂電(dian)機(ji)具備單個車(che)輪獨(du)立驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)的(de)特(te)性，因此無論是前驅(qu)(qu)(qu)、后驅(qu)(qu)(qu)還(huan)是四驅(qu)(qu)(qu)形式，它都可以比較(jiao)輕松(song)地實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，全時(shi)四驅(qu)(qu)(qu)在輪轂電(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)的(de)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)上實(shi)(shi)現(xian)起來(lai)非常(chang)容易。同(tong)時(shi)輪轂電(dian)機(ji)可以通過(guo)左右車(che)輪的(de)不同(tong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速甚至反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)類似履帶式車(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)差動(dong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向，大大減小車(che)輛(liang)(liang)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎半徑(jing)，在特(te)殊情況下幾乎可以實(shi)(shi)現(xian)原地轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(不過(guo)此時(shi)對車(che)輛(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向機(ji)構和輪胎(tai)的(de)磨損較(jiao)大)，對于特(te)種車(che)輛(liang)(liang)很有價值。

3、便于采用多種新能源車技術

新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)型不少都采用(yong)(yong)電(dian)驅動(dong)(dong)，因此輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)也就派上(shang)(shang)了(le)大用(yong)(yong)場。無論是(shi)(shi)純(chun)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)還是(shi)(shi)燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)，抑(yi)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)增程(cheng)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)，都可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)作(zuo)為主(zhu)要驅動(dong)(dong)力(li)；即便(bian)是(shi)(shi)對于混合動(dong)(dong)力(li)車(che)(che)型，也可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)作(zuo)為起步或(huo)者(zhe)急加速時(shi)的助力(li)，可(ke)(ke)謂(wei)是(shi)(shi)一機(ji)多用(yong)(yong)。同時(shi)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)車(che)(che)的很多技術(shu)，比(bi)如制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量回收(即再生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong))也可(ke)(ke)以很輕松地(di)在輪(lun)轂電(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)型上(shang)(shang)得(de)以實(shi)現。

二、輪轂電機的缺點

1、增大簧下質量和輪轂的轉動慣量，對車輛的操控有所影響

對于(yu)普(pu)通民用車(che)輛來說(shuo)，常常用一些相(xiang)對輕質(zhi)的(de)(de)材料比如鋁合金來制作懸(xuan)掛(gua)的(de)(de)部件(jian)，以減(jian)輕簧下質(zhi)量，提(ti)升懸(xuan)掛(gua)的(de)(de)響應速(su)度。可是(shi)輪轂(gu)電機恰好較大(da)幅度地增大(da)了簧下質(zhi)量，同時也增加了輪轂(gu)的(de)(de)轉動慣量，這對于(yu)車(che)輛的(de)(de)操控性(xing)能(neng)是(shi)不(bu)利(li)的(de)(de)。不(bu)過(guo)考慮到電動車(che)型大(da)多(duo)限于(yu)代步而非追求動力(li)性(xing)能(neng)，這一點尚(shang)不(bu)是(shi)最大(da)缺陷。

2、電制動性能有限，維持制動系統運行需要消耗不少電能

現(xian)在的(de)傳統(tong)(tong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力商用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)已經有不少裝備了(le)利用(yong)(yong)渦(wo)流(liu)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)原理(即電阻制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong))的(de)輔助(zhu)減速設備，比如很多卡車(che)(che)所用(yong)(yong)的(de)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)緩速器。而由于能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)的(de)關(guan)系(xi)，電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)采用(yong)(yong)電制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)也是(shi)(shi)首選，不過對于輪轂電機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)車(che)(che)輛，由于輪轂電機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)電制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)容量較小(xiao)，不能(neng)(neng)滿足整車(che)(che)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求，都需(xu)要(yao)(yao)附加機(ji)械制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，但(dan)是(shi)(shi)對于普通電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)乘用(yong)(yong)車(che)(che)，沒有了(le)傳統(tong)(tong)內燃(ran)機(ji)帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)真空泵，就需(xu)要(yao)(yao)電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)真空泵來提供剎車(che)(che)助(zhu)力，但(dan)也就意味了(le)有著(zhu)更大(da)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量消耗，即便是(shi)(shi)再(zai)生制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)回收一些能(neng)(neng)量，如果要(yao)(yao)確(que)保(bao)制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)效能(neng)(neng)，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)消耗的(de)能(neng)(neng)量也是(shi)(shi)影響電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)續航里程(cheng)的(de)重要(yao)(yao)因素之一。

此(ci)外，輪轂電機(ji)工作(zuo)的環境(jing)惡劣，面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)水(shui)、灰塵等多方(fang)面(mian)(mian)影響，在(zai)密封方(fang)面(mian)(mian)也有較高(gao)要(yao)求(qiu)，同時在(zai)設計上(shang)也需要(yao)為輪轂電機(ji)單(dan)獨考(kao)慮(lv)散熱問題。

三、輪轂電機的結構

輪轂(gu)電機由定子、軸(zhou)承、轉子、懸架軸(zhou)承座、小型(xing)逆變器、傳統鋁合金輪圈(quan)組成(cheng)。

四、輪轂電機的發展前景

隨著新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車驅(qu)動技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的發展(zhan)升級，輪轂電機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)逐漸(jian)進入(ru)人們的視野。輪轂電機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)被看作是新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車未來最佳的驅(qu)動解決方(fang)案(an)。近年(nian)來，新能源(yuan)汽(qi)車發展(zhan)步伐加快，輪轂電機技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要迎來大展(zhan)拳(quan)腳的好時(shi)機。

目前輪轂(gu)電機還有很多問題(ti)沒(mei)有解決，尚不(bu)能形(xing)成市場(chang)。但是隨著純電動汽車的保有量繼(ji)續增(zeng)加，輪轂(gu)電機驅動技術的普遍(bian)應用已經指日可(ke)待。目前國內(nei)輪轂(gu)電機制(zhi)造商以及新能源(yuan)汽車企業對輪轂(gu)電機市場(chang)充滿信心(xin)，正在加緊(jin)產業化(hua)布局及市場(chang)推廣。

輪(lun)(lun)轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)技(ji)術具(ju)備很大的(de)優(you)勢，它(ta)布(bu)局(ju)更為靈(ling)活，不需要復雜的(de)機(ji)(ji)械傳動(dong)(dong)系統。但同時它(ta)也有(you)自(zi)己的(de)顯著不足，比(bi)如密封和起步電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流／扭矩(ju)間(jian)的(de)平衡關系，以及(ji)轉向時驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)差速問題等(deng)等(deng)。輪(lun)(lun)轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)系統是純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車未(wei)來的(de)先(xian)進驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)方式，高品質(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)其驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)控制系統目(mu)前已(yi)經成為國(guo)內外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣工程領域的(de)重要研究對象(xiang)。而在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)，輪(lun)(lun)轂電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)未(wei)來的(de)新能源車中(zhong)擁有(you)廣(guang)闊的(de)前景。