如何選擇合適地暖地板
1、選多層還是選三層實木
因(yin)為(wei)地熱環境下,地板需要承(cheng)受(shou)一定的熱量,當(dang)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的水分(fen)被(bei)吸收到(dao)(dao)木材(cai)中(zhong),木材(cai)就會產生膨脹。空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)比(bi)較(jiao)干燥時,木材(cai)中(zhong)的水分(fen)又(you)跑到(dao)(dao)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong),使木材(cai)產生干縮(suo)(suo),因(yin)此(ci)不能使用普(pu)通實木地板,否則容易(yi)開裂縮(suo)(suo)縫。
挑選地暖地板主要看(kan)兩個問題,一是(shi)導(dao)熱性(xing),二是(shi)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。三層(ceng)(ceng)實木(mu)(mu)復合地(di)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)下(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)同木(mu)(mu)種的(de)(de)較(jiao)高密度(du)(du)(du)木(mu)(mu)材,中(zhong)間是(shi)松木(mu)(mu),因為中(zhong)間層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)密度(du)(du)(du)比上(shang)下(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)密度(du)(du)(du)小很多,密度(du)(du)(du)低的(de)(de)物體在受潮(chao)后(hou)的(de)(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)系數要大于(yu)高密度(du)(du)(du)材料,這就輕易(yi)造成(cheng)三層(ceng)(ceng)實木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)(ban)在受潮(chao)后(hou),中(zhong)間層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)膨(peng)脹(zhang)要大于(yu)上(shang)下(xia)兩層(ceng)(ceng),造成(cheng)地(di)板(ban)(ban)開裂。多層(ceng)(ceng)實木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)(ban)即使遇熱受潮(chao),膨(peng)脹(zhang)后(hou)也不易(yi)變(bian)形,缺(que)陷是(shi)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)厚(hou),同時密度(du)(du)(du)也比較(jiao)低,在一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)上(shang)會影響導(dao)熱,但舒適度(du)(du)(du)比強化(hua)地(di)板(ban)(ban)要好一些。從導(dao)熱和穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)來看(kan),多層(ceng)(ceng)實木(mu)(mu)地(di)板(ban)(ban)相對來說(shuo)要好些。
2、甲醛釋放量
地暖地板(ban)要求在長時(shi)間(jian)加(jia)熱(re)的條件下(xia),甲醛釋(shi)放量(liang)不會超標(biao)。消(xiao)費(fei)者選擇地熱(re)地板(ban)時(shi),一定要盡可(ke)能選擇甲醛含(han)量(liang)低的地板(ban),因為(wei)溫度越(yue)高,甲醛釋(shi)放量(liang)越(yue)多,在相對封(feng)閉的居室(shi)內(nei)(nei),再加(jia)上室(shi)內(nei)(nei)其他物品造成的甲醛釋(shi)放,室(shi)內(nei)(nei)甲醛有可(ke)能會超標(biao),對人體造成危(wei)害。
3、尺寸
地(di)(di)暖地(di)(di)板尺寸要通過地(di)(di)板的(de)基材(cai)密度(du)及內(nei)結合強度(du)來規劃,內(nei)結合強度(du)越高(gao),說(shuo)明地(di)(di)板承受(shou)溫度(du)變化的(de)能(neng)(neng)力越好,不(bu)至于(yu)發生(sheng)開(kai)裂(lie)等現象,只(zhi)有基材(cai)為相對致密的(de)木(mu)材(cai)的(de)地(di)(di)板,才能(neng)(neng)保證長期(qi)在高(gao)溫下不(bu)開(kai)裂(lie)、不(bu)變形。不(bu)懼潮濕環境(jing)即吸水厚(hou)度(du)膨脹(zhang)率(lv)。用(yong)于(yu)水熱地(di)(di)面輻射采暖的(de)地(di)(di)板要求在高(gao)濕狀態下尺寸變化小,膨脹(zhang)率(lv)要小于(yu)等于(yu)2.5%。一般來說(shuo),膨脹(zhang)率(lv)越小,地(di)(di)板的(de)防潮性能(neng)(neng)越好。
4、傳熱
市(shi)場上能提供熱傳導系(xi)數(shu)的(de)(de)品牌(pai)不多,消(xiao)費者在(zai)購買時要(yao)留意。一般系(xi)數(shu)高的(de)(de)產品在(zai)導熱方面性(xing)能更好,不怕高溫。由于地(di)(di)(di)熱地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)要(yao)長時間承受(shou)高溫加(jia)熱,要(yao)求產品裝飾層性(xing)能穩定,在(zai)長時間高溫的(de)(de)條件(jian)下(xia)也不會(hui)出(chu)現褪(tun)色、糙(cao)光的(de)(de)現象,復合地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)更適合地(di)(di)(di)熱采暖。國(guo)產地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)質量達到國(guo)家(jia)GB/T1802-2000標準,都(dou)可以適應地(di)(di)(di)熱采暖地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)安裝的(de)(de)技術要(yao)求。
5、保暖性
地(di)(di)(di)暖的(de)工作原理是通過低(di)溫(wen)輻射傳遞熱(re)能(neng),木(mu)材本(ben)身(shen)屬于不良導體。所以,這就(jiu)要(yao)求(qiu)地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)不能(neng)太厚。當厚度(du)超過14mm時(shi),輻射熱(re)能(neng)很難(nan)到達地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)表層,熱(re)能(neng)利用率低(di),取暖效果(guo)不理想,不經濟。地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)太薄儲(chu)熱(re)的(de)效果(guo)就(jiu)會很差,容(rong)易造成室內溫(wen)差,很難(nan)達到地(di)(di)(di)熱(re)取暖的(de)效果(guo)。一般來說,地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)厚度(du)越小,其(qi)熱(re)流量就(jiu)越大。地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)厚度(du)在6.5-8.5毫(hao)米之間(jian)能(neng)確保地(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)具備良好的(de)透氣性及(ji)散熱(re)功(gong)能(neng)。
地暖地板常見選購誤區
1、地板面皮越厚越好
有些(xie)消費者在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)暖地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)選(xuan)購過程(cheng)中(zhong),盲目(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)追求多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)實木復(fu)合(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)皮(pi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)厚越(yue)(yue)(yue)好(hao),地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)越(yue)(yue)(yue)寬(kuan)越(yue)(yue)(yue)好(hao),地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)越(yue)(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)(yue)好(hao)。事實上,多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)實木復(fu)合(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)面(mian)皮(pi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)厚,實木地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)特(te)征越(yue)(yue)(yue)明顯。在(zai)(zai)環境改變(bian)的(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong),地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)在(zai)(zai)干縮(suo)和(he)(he)濕(shi)脹(zhang)(zhang)時面(mian)皮(pi)產(chan)生的(de)應(ying)力(li)就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da),地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)變(bian)形和(he)(he)面(mian)皮(pi)開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)機(ji)遇增加。多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)實木復(fu)合(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)越(yue)(yue)(yue)寬(kuan),干縮(suo)時產(chan)生的(de)縫隙就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)。同樣,由于(yu)多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)實木復(fu)合(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)長寬(kuan)方向都膨脹(zhang)(zhang)與收縮(suo),多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)實木復(fu)合(he)(he)地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)越(yue)(yue)(yue)長,干縮(suo)時地(di)(di)(di)(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)端頭產(chan)生的(de)縫隙就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)(yue)(yue)大(da)。
2、地板背面開槽越大越好
有人認為地熱地板背板(ban)(ban)開(kai)槽(cao)(cao)好,有利于熱(re)氣流動,甚至把地板(ban)(ban)背板(ban)(ban)做成空(kong)心結構(gou)。事實上,熱(re)量中在固(gu)體中的傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)(du)要比(bi)氣體的傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)(du)快(kuai),密(mi)度(du)(du)越大熱(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)(du)越快(kuai),這也是我們提高地板(ban)(ban)基材密(mi)度(du)(du)的原因之(zhi)一。地表背面(mian)縱向開(kai)槽(cao)(cao),在地板(ban)(ban)背面(mian)的開(kai)槽(cao)(cao)處形成空(kong)氣層,由(you)于空(kong)氣的熱(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)(du)比(bi)木(mu)材熱(re)傳(chuan)導(dao)(dao)速(su)度(du)(du)低,反而降低了導(dao)(dao)熱(re)效果(guo)。
3、防潮膜越透熱越好
有些消費(fei)者防(fang)潮膜(mo)越(yue)透(tou)熱(re)(re)越(yue)好,而有個別(bie)地(di)(di)方的安(an)裝公司甚(shen)至把防(fang)潮膜(mo)剪成(cheng)許多小(xiao)口(kou),目的是為了透(tou)氣,提高熱(re)(re)傳(chuan)導效(xiao)果。一般說來,地(di)(di)熱(re)(re)工程(cheng)做成(cheng)后,地(di)(di)面(mian)水(shui)泥(ni)中的含水(shui)率至少(shao)在(zai)17%以上,地(di)(di)熱(re)(re)取暖過程(cheng),地(di)(di)面(mian)的水(shui)分(fen)不斷向外散發(fa),通過破損的防(fang)潮膜(mo)直接作(zuo)用于地(di)(di)板背面(mian),致使地(di)(di)板分(fen)層,鼓包和炸(zha)漆。另外,在(zai)冬(dong)(dong)季供(gong)暖后期,由于地(di)(di)面(mian)中的水(shui)分(fen)過分(fen)減少(shao),地(di)(di)面(mian)的熱(re)(re)傳(chuan)導速度(du)減慢,導致室溫過低。因此,我們不僅(jin)不要把防(fang)潮膜(mo)剪成(cheng)許多小(xiao)口(kou),而且要將防(fang)潮膜(mo)用塑料膠帶粘嚴,確保不透(tou)氣。這樣不僅(jin)可(ke)(ke)以避免地(di)(di)面(mian)中的水(shui)分(fen)對(dui)地(di)(di)板的危(wei)害,而且可(ke)(ke)以保持地(di)(di)面(mian)中有足(zu)夠的水(shui)分(fen),保證(zheng)冬(dong)(dong)季供(gong)暖后期熱(re)(re)傳(chuan)導效(xiao)果。