什么是漏電保護器？

漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)：就(jiu)是流(liu)(liu)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和流(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不等，意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)路回路中還有(you)其(qi)它(ta)分支，可能(neng)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)通過人體進入大地。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將呈現異常(chang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信號，漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器通過檢(jian)測此異常(chang)信號，使執行機(ji)構動(dong)作。我們把根(gen)據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器，根(gen)據故障電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)動(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器結構復(fu)雜，受外界干擾(rao)動(dong)作特性穩定性差(cha)，制造成本高，現已基本淘(tao)汰。目(mu)前以電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)型漏(lou)(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)器為主導地位(wei)。

家用的漏電(dian)保護器接(jie)入端有(you)“火”“零”兩(liang)根線(xian)。如果“火”和“零”線(xian)流(liu)過的電(dian)流(liu)不等，那么感應線(xian)圈就會識別微小差別，并通(tong)(tong)過控制部分，迅(xun)速切斷(duan)開關(guan)（跳閘）。保護漏電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)常閾值為20mA。

但(dan)漏電保(bao)護(hu)器是通過控制某個(ge)(ge)開關斷開來實現的，它不能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)在整個(ge)(ge)供電回路(lu)出現短路(lu)時開關觸點還能(neng)斷開。??空(kong)氣開關則起過載(zai)或短路(lu)保(bao)護(hu)，當回路(lu)電流超(chao)過規定負載(zai)，空(kong)氣開關自動短路(lu)（跳(tiao)閘(zha)）。空(kong)氣開關一般(ban)有(you)單獨“火”線接入(ru)保(bao)護(hu)，也有(you)“火”“零”接入(ru)同時保(bao)護(hu)。

因此，?漏電保護器和空氣(qi)開關各自實現(xian)的功能(neng)不同，不能(neng)互相代(dai)替！

漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器（漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)開關）是一種電(dian)氣安全裝(zhuang)置。將漏(lou)電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)器安裝(zhuang)在低壓電(dian)路中，當發(fa)生漏(lou)電(dian)和觸電(dian)時，且(qie)達到保(bao)護(hu)器所(suo)限定(ding)的動作(zuo)電(dian)流值時，就立即在限定(ding)的時間(jian)內動作(zuo)自動斷開電(dian)源進行保(bao)護(hu)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"沉靜時光"提供，版權聲明反饋

漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當電氣設備發生(sheng)漏電時，出(chu)現兩種異常(chang)現象(xiang)：

一是，三(san)相電(dian)流(liu)的平衡遭到破(po)壞，出現零序電(dian)流(liu)；

二是，正常(chang)時不帶(dai)電的(de)金屬(shu)外(wai)殼出現對地電壓(ya)（正常(chang)時，金屬(shu)外(wai)殼與大(da)地均為零電位(wei)）。

2、零(ling)序電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)作(zuo)用漏電(dian)(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)檢測取得異常訊號，經(jing)過(guo)中間機(ji)構轉換(huan)傳遞，使執行機(ji)構動作(zuo)，通過(guo)開關裝置斷(duan)開電(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)結構與變壓器(qi)(qi)類似(si)，是由(you)兩個互(hu)相絕緣(yuan)繞在(zai)同(tong)一鐵心上的(de)線圈組(zu)成。當一次線圈有(you)剩余電(dian)(dian)流時，二次線圈就會(hui)感應出電(dian)(dian)流。

3、漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)原理將漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，一次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)相(xiang)連接(jie)，二次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)與漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的脫扣(kou)器(qi)(qi)連接(jie)。當(dang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備正常運(yun)行時(shi)，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)呈平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)狀態，互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量之(zhi)和為零（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)是有方向(xiang)的矢量，如按流(liu)(liu)出的方向(xiang)為“＋”，返回方向(xiang)為“－”，在(zai)互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)往返的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大小(xiao)相(xiang)等，方向(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)，正負(fu)相(xiang)互抵銷）。由于(yu)(yu)一次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)沒有剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，所以不(bu)會感(gan)應(ying)二次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)的開關裝(zhuang)置處于(yu)(yu)閉合(he)狀態運(yun)行。當(dang)設(she)備外殼發生(sheng)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)有人觸及(ji)時(shi)，則(ze)在(zai)故(gu)障點產生(sheng)分流(liu)(liu)，此(ci)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)經人體？大地(di)？工作(zuo)接(jie)地(di)，返回變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)性(xing)點（并(bing)未經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)），致(zhi)使互感(gan)器(qi)(qi)申流(liu)(liu)入(ru)、流(liu)(liu)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)出現了不(bu)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)矢量之(zhi)和不(bu)為零），一次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)申產生(sheng)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。因(yin)此(ci)，便(bian)會感(gan)應(ying)二次(ci)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，當(dang)這(zhe)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值達到該漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi)限定的動作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值時(shi)，自(zi)動開關脫扣(kou)，切(qie)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏電斷(duan)(duan)路器由DZ47系列斷(duan)(duan)路器和漏電保(bao)護器（習(xi)慣上稱之為脫扣器）組裝而成。斷(duan)(duan)路器部分主要包括以下部件。

1）過電流脫扣器（雙金、電磁(ci)系統(tong)）；

2）滅弧裝置（滅弧系統）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外(wai)殼和接(jie)線端子；

5）操作機構(gou)（手柄、鎖扣、跳扣、杠桿）。

斷(duan)路器(qi)的(de)過載保護(hu)功能的(de)實現是利用雙金(jin)屬(shu)隨著溫度升高(gao)而(er)定向按規律彎(wan)曲的(de)原理(li)，正(zheng)常(chang)電(dian)流（1.13In）彎(wan)曲角度不大，因此(ci)推力不足以(yi)使脫(tuo)扣(kou)機(ji)構脫(tuo)扣(kou)，當達(da)過載電(dian)流（1.45In）彎(wan)曲角度大，推力足以(yi)推動脫(tuo)扣(kou)機(ji)構使開關斷(duan)開，這就是過載保護(hu)的(de)原理(li)。

斷路(lu)(lu)(lu)器(qi)的(de)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)保(bao)護功能是由(you)瞬(shun)(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)系(xi)統）來實(shi)現(xian)的(de)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)力(li)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和匝(za)數(shu)之(zhi)積成正(zheng)(zheng)比，由(you)于(yu)(yu)瞬(shun)(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈匝(za)數(shu)少（一般只有10匝(za)以(yi)下），雖然(ran)瞬(shun)(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)串接在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)時，由(you)于(yu)(yu)匝(za)數(shu)少，正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生的(de)吸(xi)(xi)力(li)不足以(yi)克服彈簧的(de)反作(zuo)用力(li)，因(yin)此線(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)能正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)，但(dan)對于(yu)(yu)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來說，由(you)于(yu)(yu)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與正(zheng)(zheng)常工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相比相差幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍或更大，線(xian)圈匝(za)數(shu)沒變，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加(jia)幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍，因(yin)此吸(xi)(xi)力(li)也(ye)增加(jia)了(le)幾(ji)倍以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍，只要反力(li)彈簧選擇合(he)理，都能符合(he)B型、C型、D型瞬(shun)(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)的(de)整(zheng)定要求。

漏電保護器(qi)（脫扣器(qi)）部(bu)分主要(yao)包括以下(xia)部(bu)件(jian)。

1）電子組件板（控制(zhi)線路板）；

2）零序電流互感器；

3）漏(lou)電脫(tuo)扣器（由(you)牽(qian)引(yin)線(xian)圈(quan)、鐵芯、彈簧(huang)等組成）；

4）漏電指示部分及試(shi)驗按扭等組成。

當(dang)(dang)無(wu)(wu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或(huo)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達(da)不到動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以(yi)感(gan)應出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不足(zu)以(yi)觸(chu)發可(ke)控硅(gui)G 極(ji)（控制極(ji)），此(ci)(ci)時(shi)A極(ji)（陽極(ji)）與(yu)K極(ji)（陰極(ji)）之間相當(dang)(dang)于(yu)(yu)一個(ge)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)達(da)1M（1M=1000000歐姆(mu)）以(yi)上，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器線圈(quan)一般為(wei)幾(ji)十(shi)歐姆(mu)（30-60歐姆(mu)左右(you)），脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器線圈(quan)與(yu)可(ke)控硅(gui)等效(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)(yu)串聯狀態(tai)。由(you)于(yu)(yu)可(ke)控硅(gui)的等效(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)大于(yu)(yu)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器線圈(quan)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)，因此(ci)(ci)幾(ji)乎(hu)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加在(zai)可(ke)控硅(gui)的A與(yu)K兩端(duan)(duan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器同乎(hu)無(wu)(wu)壓(ya)降(jiang)，微小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不能(neng)帶動(dong)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器工(gong)作，因此(ci)(ci)保護(hu)器處(chu)于(yu)(yu)守侯狀態(tai)，斷路器處(chu)于(yu)(yu)正常合閘狀態(tai)。當(dang)(dang)零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器感(gan)應出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)能(neng)觸(chu)發可(ke)控硅(gui)G極(ji)時(shi)，此(ci)(ci)時(shi)A與(yu)K兩端(duan)(duan)完全(quan)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)幾(ji)乎(hu)為(wei)0，全(quan)部壓(ya)降(jiang)加在(zai)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)線圈(quan)兩端(duan)(duan)，脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)器線圈(quan)產(chan)生足(zu)夠(gou)大的吸力，帶動(dong)脫(tuo)(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)機構動(dong)作，從而(er)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，實現自我保護(hu)。

漏電斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)與漏電保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)（脫扣器(qi)(qi)）二(er)部分拼裝起來就構成一(yi)個完(wan)整的漏電斷路(lu)器(qi)(qi)，具有過載、 短路(lu)、漏電保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，根據客(ke)戶(hu)要(yao)求還可增(zeng)加過壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)，過壓(ya)(ya)保護(hu)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)的實(shi)現(xian)是由(you)漏電保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)的電子組件板增(zeng)加功(gong)能(neng)(neng)而(er)實(shi)現(xian)的。