什么是漏電保護器？

漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)：就是(shi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)入的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和流(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)等，意(yi)味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)路回路中(zhong)還有其它分(fen)支，可能是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)通過(guo)人體進入大地。電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設(she)備(bei)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，將(jiang)呈現異(yi)(yi)常的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)或電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信號(hao)(hao)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通過(guo)檢測此異(yi)(yi)常信號(hao)(hao)，使執行機構(gou)動(dong)(dong)作。我們把根據(ju)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)，根據(ju)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)叫(jiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。由(you)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)結(jie)構(gou)復(fu)雜，受外界干(gan)擾動(dong)(dong)作特性(xing)穩定性(xing)差，制造(zao)成本高，現已基本淘汰。目前(qian)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)型(xing)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)主(zhu)導地位。

家用的漏電(dian)保護器(qi)接入端有“火”“零”兩根線(xian)。如果“火”和“零”線(xian)流(liu)過(guo)(guo)的電(dian)流(liu)不等(deng)，那么感應線(xian)圈就會識別微(wei)小差別，并通過(guo)(guo)控制(zhi)部分，迅速切斷開關（跳閘(zha)）。保護漏電(dian)流(liu)通常閾值為20mA。

但漏電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護器(qi)是通過(guo)控制某個(ge)開(kai)關斷開(kai)來實(shi)現的(de)，它不能(neng)保(bao)(bao)證在整(zheng)個(ge)供(gong)電(dian)回路(lu)(lu)出現短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)開(kai)關觸點還能(neng)斷開(kai)。??空(kong)(kong)氣開(kai)關則起過(guo)載或(huo)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)保(bao)(bao)護，當回路(lu)(lu)電(dian)流超(chao)過(guo)規定負載，空(kong)(kong)氣開(kai)關自動短(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)（跳(tiao)閘）。空(kong)(kong)氣開(kai)關一般有(you)(you)單獨“火”線接入保(bao)(bao)護，也(ye)有(you)(you)“火”“零”接入同時(shi)保(bao)(bao)護。

因此，?漏電保護(hu)器和空(kong)氣開(kai)關各(ge)自實現(xian)的(de)功能不同，不能互相代替！

漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器（漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)開(kai)關(guan)）是一種電(dian)(dian)氣安全裝置。將漏電(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器安裝在低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)路中，當發生漏電(dian)(dian)和(he)觸電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，且達到保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器所限(xian)(xian)定的動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)流值時(shi)，就立(li)即在限(xian)(xian)定的時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)動(dong)作自動(dong)斷(duan)開(kai)電(dian)(dian)源進行保護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

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漏電保護器的工作原理是什么？

1、當電氣設(she)備發生漏電時，出現(xian)兩種(zhong)異常(chang)現(xian)象：

一是(shi)，三相電(dian)流的平衡遭到破(po)壞，出現零序電(dian)流；

二是，正(zheng)常時不帶電(dian)(dian)的金(jin)屬(shu)外殼出現對地電(dian)(dian)壓（正(zheng)常時，金(jin)屬(shu)外殼與(yu)大地均為(wei)零電(dian)(dian)位(wei)）。

2、零(ling)序電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)作用漏電(dian)保護器(qi)(qi)通過(guo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)取得異常訊號，經過(guo)中間機(ji)(ji)構轉換傳遞，使執行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構動(dong)作，通過(guo)開(kai)關裝置斷(duan)開(kai)電(dian)源。電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)結構與變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)類似，是由兩個互(hu)相絕緣繞在同一鐵心上的(de)線圈(quan)組(zu)成。當一次(ci)線圈(quan)有剩余電(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，二次(ci)線圈(quan)就會感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

3、漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)作原理將漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)安裝(zhuang)在線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，一次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)相連(lian)接，二次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)與(yu)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)脫扣器(qi)連(lian)接。當(dang)(dang)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備正常運行(xing)時，線(xian)(xian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)呈平衡狀(zhuang)態，互(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)矢量之和(he)為零(ling)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)是有方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)的(de)(de)矢量，如(ru)按流(liu)(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)為“＋”，返回方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)為“－”，在互(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)往返的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)大小相等，方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)相反(fan)，正負(fu)相互(hu)(hu)抵銷）。由于一次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)沒有剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，所以不(bu)會感(gan)(gan)(gan)應二次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)的(de)(de)開關(guan)裝(zhuang)置處于閉合狀(zhuang)態運行(xing)。當(dang)(dang)設備外殼發(fa)生(sheng)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并有人觸(chu)及時，則在故障(zhang)點(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)分流(liu)(liu)(liu)，此(ci)漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)經人體？大地？工(gong)(gong)作接地，返回變壓器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)性點(dian)（并未(wei)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)），致使(shi)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)申流(liu)(liu)(liu)入、流(liu)(liu)(liu)出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)出現了不(bu)平衡（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)矢量之和(he)不(bu)為零(ling)），一次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)申產(chan)生(sheng)剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。因此(ci)，便會感(gan)(gan)(gan)應二次線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)，當(dang)(dang)這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)達到該漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)限定的(de)(de)動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值(zhi)(zhi)時，自(zi)動(dong)開關(guan)脫扣，切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。

漏電斷路器內部結構

漏(lou)電(dian)斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)由DZ47系(xi)列斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)和漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)器(qi)（習慣上稱之為脫扣器(qi)）組裝而成。斷(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)部分(fen)主要包(bao)括以(yi)下(xia)部件。

1）過電流脫扣(kou)器（雙金(jin)、電磁系(xi)統(tong)）；

2）滅弧裝置（滅弧系統）；

3）觸頭系統；

4）外殼和(he)接線端(duan)子(zi)；

5）操作機構（手柄、鎖扣、跳扣、杠(gang)桿）。

斷路(lu)器的(de)過載保(bao)護功能的(de)實現是利(li)用雙金屬隨著(zhu)溫(wen)度(du)(du)升高而定向按(an)規律彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲的(de)原(yuan)理，正(zheng)常電(dian)流（1.13In）彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲角(jiao)度(du)(du)不大(da)，因此推力不足以使脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)機構(gou)脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)，當達過載電(dian)流（1.45In）彎(wan)(wan)(wan)曲角(jiao)度(du)(du)大(da)，推力足以推動脫(tuo)扣(kou)(kou)機構(gou)使開關斷開，這就是過載保(bao)護的(de)原(yuan)理。

斷路(lu)器(qi)的(de)(de)短(duan)路(lu)保護功能(neng)(neng)是由(you)(you)瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)（電(dian)(dian)磁系統）來(lai)(lai)實現的(de)(de)，電(dian)(dian)磁力(li)與電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和匝(za)(za)數之積成(cheng)正(zheng)比，由(you)(you)于瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈匝(za)(za)數少(shao)（一(yi)般(ban)只(zhi)有10匝(za)(za)以(yi)下），雖(sui)然瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)串接(jie)在電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中，電(dian)(dian)路(lu)正(zheng)常工作時，由(you)(you)于匝(za)(za)數少(shao)，正(zheng)常工作電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)吸(xi)力(li)不足(zu)以(yi)克(ke)服彈(dan)簧的(de)(de)反作用(yong)力(li)，因(yin)此線(xian)路(lu)能(neng)(neng)正(zheng)常工作，但(dan)對于短(duan)路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)(lai)說(shuo)，由(you)(you)于產生(sheng)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)與正(zheng)常工作的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相比相差幾(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍(bei)或更大，線(xian)圈匝(za)(za)數沒變，但(dan)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)增加幾(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍(bei)，因(yin)此吸(xi)力(li)也增加了幾(ji)倍(bei)以(yi)至幾(ji)十倍(bei)，只(zhi)要(yao)反力(li)彈(dan)簧選擇(ze)合理，都(dou)能(neng)(neng)符合B型(xing)、C型(xing)、D型(xing)瞬(shun)時脫扣(kou)器(qi)的(de)(de)整定要(yao)求(qiu)。

漏電保護(hu)器（脫扣器）部(bu)分主要包(bao)括以下部(bu)件。

1）電子(zi)組(zu)件板（控制線(xian)路板）；

2）零序電流互感器(qi)；

3）漏電(dian)脫扣器（由(you)牽引線圈、鐵(tie)芯、彈簧等組成）；

4）漏電(dian)指示部分及試驗(yan)按扭等組成。

當無漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)或漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達(da)(da)不(bu)到動(dong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以感(gan)應出(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)足以觸發可控(kong)硅G 極(ji)（控(kong)制(zhi)極(ji)），此(ci)時(shi)A極(ji)（陽極(ji)）與(yu)K極(ji)（陰極(ji)）之間相當于一(yi)個(ge)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)達(da)(da)1M（1M=1000000歐(ou)(ou)姆）以上，脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)一(yi)般為幾(ji)十(shi)歐(ou)(ou)姆（30-60歐(ou)(ou)姆左右），脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)與(yu)可控(kong)硅等效于串聯(lian)狀態(tai)(tai)。由于可控(kong)硅的(de)等效電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)遠遠大(da)于脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)值，因此(ci)幾(ji)乎(hu)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)加在可控(kong)硅的(de)A與(yu)K兩端，脫扣(kou)器(qi)同乎(hu)無壓(ya)降，微小的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)不(bu)能帶動(dong)脫扣(kou)器(qi)工作，因此(ci)保護器(qi)處于守(shou)侯(hou)狀態(tai)(tai)，斷路(lu)器(qi)處于正常合(he)閘狀態(tai)(tai)。當零序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)感(gan)應出(chu)(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)能觸發可控(kong)硅G極(ji)時(shi)，此(ci)時(shi)A與(yu)K兩端完全(quan)導通，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)幾(ji)乎(hu)為0，全(quan)部壓(ya)降加在脫扣(kou)線(xian)圈(quan)兩端，脫扣(kou)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)產(chan)生足夠大(da)的(de)吸力(li)，帶動(dong)脫扣(kou)機構動(dong)作，從而切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，實現自我保護。

漏(lou)電斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)與(yu)漏(lou)電保(bao)護器(qi)（脫扣器(qi)）二部(bu)分拼裝起來就構成一個完整的(de)漏(lou)電斷路(lu)(lu)器(qi)，具有過(guo)(guo)載、 短(duan)路(lu)(lu)、漏(lou)電保(bao)護功(gong)(gong)能，根(gen)據客戶要(yao)求(qiu)還可增加(jia)過(guo)(guo)壓保(bao)護功(gong)(gong)能，過(guo)(guo)壓保(bao)護功(gong)(gong)能的(de)實現(xian)是由漏(lou)電保(bao)護器(qi)的(de)電子組件板增加(jia)功(gong)(gong)能而實現(xian)的(de)。