一、高空作業安全帶簡介
高空作業安全帶又稱全(quan)方位(wei)安(an)全(quan)帶或(huo)五點式(shi)安(an)全(quan)帶,新國標(biao)GB6095-2009規定材質需使用滌綸及更高強度的(de)(de)織帶加(jia)工而成的(de)(de)。全(quan)身式(shi)安(an)全(quan)帶是(shi)(shi)高處作業人員預防墜(zhui)(zhui)落傷亡的(de)(de)防護用品。是(shi)(shi)由帶體、安(an)全(quan)配繩(sheng)、緩沖包和金屬配件(jian)組成,總稱墜(zhui)(zhui)落懸(xuan)掛安(an)全(quan)帶。
二、高空作業安全帶種類
高空作業安全帶按使用方式分為:圍桿安全帶和懸掛、攀登安全帶兩類。
圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)作業安全帶適用于電工(gong)、電信工(gong)、園林(lin)工(gong)等桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上作業。主要品(pin)種有:電工(gong)圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)帶單腰(yao)帶式、電工(gong)圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)帶防下脫式、通(tong)(tong)用Ⅰ型圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶式、通(tong)(tong)用Ⅱ型圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶式、電信工(gong)圍(wei)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)繩單腰(yao)帶式和牛皮電工(gong)保(bao)安帶等。
懸(xuan)掛(gua)及攀(pan)登(deng)作(zuo)業安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于建筑、造船、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝、維修、起重、橋梁、采石、礦山、公路及鐵路調車(che)等(deng)(deng)高處作(zuo)業。其式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣較多,按結(jie)構(gou)分(fen)為單(dan)腰(yao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、攀(pan)登(deng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三種(zhong)。其中單(dan)腰(yao)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有架(jia)子工Ⅰ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、架(jia)子工Ⅱ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、鐵路調車(che)工懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、電信工懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)自鎖(suo)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)等(deng)(deng)六個品種(zhong);雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅲ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅳ型(xing)懸(xuan)掛(gua)雙背(bei)(bei)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)絲繩安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)等(deng)(deng)五(wu)個品種(zhong);攀(pan)登(deng)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅰ型(xing)攀(pan)登(deng)活動(dong)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)、通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)Ⅱ型(xing)攀(pan)登(deng)活動(dong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)和通(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)攀(pan)登(deng)固定式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)三個品種(zhong)。
安全帶(dai)按(an)品種(zhong)系列,采用漢語拼音(yin)字母,依前、后順序分別表示不同工(gong)種(zhong)、不同使用方法、不同結(jie)構。符(fu)號(hao)含意(yi)如下(xia):D—電工(gong);DX—電信工(gong);J—架子工(gong);L—鐵路調車(che)工(gong);T—通(tong)用(油漆工(gong)、造(zao)船、機(ji)修工(gong)等);W—圍(wei)桿(gan)作(zuo)業:W1—圍(wei)桿(gan)帶(dai)式(shi);W2—圍(wei)桿(gan)繩(sheng)式(shi);X—懸掛作(zuo)業;P—攀登作(zuo)業;Y—單(dan)腰(yao)帶(dai)式(shi);F—防(fang)下(xia)脫式(shi);B—雙(shuang)背(bei)帶(dai)式(shi);S—自鎖式(shi);H—活動(dong)式(shi);G—固定(ding)式(shi)。
符(fu)號組(zu)合表(biao)示舉例如(ru)下:
DW1Y——電(dian)工圍桿(gan)帶單(dan)腰帶式(shi)。
TPG——通用攀登固定式。
三、高空作業安全帶的正確使用方法
1、檢(jian)查安全帶的(de)狀態,看(kan)是(shi)否符合使用條件。在系(xi)安全帶之(zhi)前,需要(yao)檢(jian)查安全帶的(de)質量,確保能夠安全使用。觀察尼龍帶是(shi)否出現斷(duan)絲(si)和(he)明顯(xian)劃(hua)痕,金屬掛(gua)鉤處有無可見裂紋,掛(gua)鉤鎖死(si)裝置是(shi)否完好(hao)可用等。
2、按(an)正(zheng)確步驟穿戴(dai)安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)(dai)。先系(xi)好安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)(dai)的胸(xiong)帶(dai)(dai),然后束緊腰帶(dai)(dai),腰扣(kou)的組(zu)件必須系(xi)緊系(xi)正(zheng)。最后系(xi)好安(an)(an)全(quan)帶(dai)(dai)的腿帶(dai)(dai),系(xi)腿帶(dai)(dai)的時候(hou),應當保持在松緊適度的狀(zhuang)態。
3、將安全帶掛(gua)(gua)在適宜(yi)的位置。掛(gua)(gua)安全帶的時候,需要采(cai)用高掛(gua)(gua)低(di)用的掛(gua)(gua)法,并防止(zhi)擺動、碰撞,避(bi)開(kai)尖銳(rui)物質(zhi),不(bu)能接觸(chu)明火。選好掛(gua)(gua)的地方后,確保將金屬(shu)鎖(suo)扣鎖(suo)死。
4、在進行高空作業時(shi),需要將(jiang)安(an)全帶(dai)的鉤和(he)環(huan)牢(lao)牢(lao)地(di)掛在系(xi)留點上。安(an)全帶(dai)繩索不能打結,也不能隨意移(yi)動鉤、環(huan),以免造成危險(xian)。
5、使(shi)用(yong)完(wan)的(de)安全帶需(xu)要進(jin)行(xing)相應的(de)檢查(cha),待確(que)認無誤(wu)后,需(xu)要將其進(jin)行(xing)適(shi)當的(de)保養,然(ran)后貯藏起來,以(yi)待下次(ci)使(shi)用(yong)。
6、安全帶使用期為3-5年(nian),如果發(fa)現異(yi)常需要提前報廢。在使用過程中,每隔(ge)半年(nian)至一年(nian)就需要試(shi)驗(yan)一次,確(que)保操作安全。