1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充(chong)(chong)值，就可以(yi)使用(yong)充(chong)(chong)電樁為汽車充(chong)(chong)電了。

電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反的方向通(tong)過(guo)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，使它(ta)恢復工(gong)作(zuo)能力，這(zhe)個過(guo)程稱為蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)聯，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必(bi)須高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢(shi)。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式(shi)有恒電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)和(he)恒電(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)是用調整充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度(du)不變的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。控(kong)制方(fang)法(fa)(fa)簡單，但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可(ke)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流能力是隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的進行而逐漸下降的，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水，產(chan)生氣體(ti)，使(shi)出氣過甚(shen)，因此(ci)，常選用階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間里保持恒(heng)定(ding)的(de)數值，隨(sui)著蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)減少(shao)。與恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程更接(jie)近于最佳充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較(jiao)低(di)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大(da)，隨(sui)著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將逐(zhu)(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)減少(shao)，因(yin)此，只(zhi)需(xu)簡易控制(zhi)系統(tong)。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率(lv)50Hz,輸出為可(ke)調直流電(dian)，直接為電(dian)動汽車的(de)動力電(dian)池充電(dian)。由于直流充電(dian)樁采(cai)用(yong)三(san)相四(si)線制供電(dian)，可(ke)以提供足夠的(de)功率，輸出的(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流調整范圍大，可(ke)以實現快充的(de)要求(qiu)。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)，俗(su)稱就是(shi)“慢充(chong)(chong)”，固定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)外、與交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)連(lian)接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（即(ji)固定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)上的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)）提供交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置。交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)只提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出，沒(mei)有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能，需連(lian)接車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只是(shi)起了一個控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的作用(yong)的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時，而通過直流快速(su)充電樁僅需(xu)要2到3個小時。交流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸入，由于車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)并(bing)不大(da)，所以不能實現快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是(shi)固定安(an)裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車外、與交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，可以為(wei)非車載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車的(de)(de)動力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)，直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以提供足夠的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)，輸出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流調整(zheng)范圍大(da)，可以實現快充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)要求。