1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值(zhi)，就可以使用充電樁為(wei)汽車充電了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，用直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)相反的方向通過蓄電(dian)(dian)池，使它恢復工作能(neng)力，這個過程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)池正極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極相聯(lian)，電(dian)(dian)池負極與(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極相聯(lian)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓必(bi)須高于電(dian)(dian)池的總電(dian)(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方式有恒電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)和(he)恒電(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)調整(zheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置輸出(chu)(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)改(gai)變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，保持(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)強度(du)不變(bian)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)。控制方法(fa)(fa)(fa)簡(jian)單，但由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力(li)是(shi)(shi)隨著充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行而逐漸下降的(de)，到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)多用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使(shi)出(chu)(chu)氣過(guo)甚，因此，常(chang)選用(yong)階段充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部(bu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間里保(bao)持(chi)恒定(ding)的(de)數(shu)值，隨著(zhu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少。與恒流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法相比，其充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程更(geng)接近于(yu)最佳充電(dian)(dian)(dian)曲(qu)線(xian)。用恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較低(di)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流很大，隨著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少，因此，只需簡易控制(zhi)系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出(chu)為可(ke)調直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直接為電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于直流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)采(cai)用三相四線(xian)制(zhi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，可(ke)以(yi)提(ti)供(gong)足夠的(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調整范圍大，可(ke)以(yi)實現快(kuai)充的(de)要求。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)，俗(su)稱就是“慢(man)充(chong)(chong)”，固定安裝(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車外、與(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連(lian)接，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機（即固定安裝(zhuang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車上(shang)的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機）提(ti)供交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)只(zhi)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)出，沒有充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng)，需連(lian)接車載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只(zhi)是起了一個控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的作(zuo)用的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小(xiao)時，而通過直流快速充電樁僅(jin)需要2到3個小時。交流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)輸入，由(you)于車(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)功率并不大，所以不能實現(xian)(xian)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直流(liu)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)外、與交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接(jie)，可以為(wei)非(fei)車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提供直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)，直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以提供足夠的(de)(de)(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調(diao)整(zheng)范圍大，可以實現(xian)(xian)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)要求。