1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值，就可以使用充電樁為汽(qi)車充電了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)按與放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流相(xiang)反的方(fang)向通過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，使它恢復(fu)工作能(neng)力，這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正極與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池負極與電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負極相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的總(zong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)方式有(you)恒電(dian)流充電(dian)和恒電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)兩(liang)種。

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恒流充電法

恒流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法是用(yong)調(diao)整充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改變(bian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的方(fang)(fang)法，保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度不變(bian)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法。控(kong)制方(fang)(fang)法簡單，但由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流能力是隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的進行而逐漸下降的，到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使出(chu)氣過(guo)甚，因此，常選用(yong)階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓在全部(bu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持(chi)恒定(ding)的(de)(de)數值，隨著蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減少。與恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相比，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程更接近(jin)于最佳(jia)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用(yong)恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較(jiao)低，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)很大，隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行(xing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)逐(zhu)漸減少，因此，只需(xu)簡易控制系(xi)統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻(pin)率50Hz,輸(shu)出(chu)為(wei)可調直流電(dian)(dian)，直接為(wei)電(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的動力電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。由于直流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁采用三相四線(xian)制供電(dian)(dian)，可以提(ti)供足(zu)夠的功率(lv)，輸(shu)出(chu)的電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流調整范圍大，可以實現(xian)快充(chong)的要求(qiu)。

交流充電樁：交(jiao)流電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)樁，俗稱就(jiu)是“慢(man)充(chong)”，固(gu)定(ding)(ding)安裝在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)外、與交(jiao)流電(dian)網連(lian)接(jie)，為電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)機（即固(gu)定(ding)(ding)安裝在(zai)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)上的充(chong)電(dian)機）提供交(jiao)流電(dian)源的供電(dian)裝置。交(jiao)流充(chong)電(dian)樁只(zhi)提供電(dian)力(li)輸出，沒(mei)有充(chong)電(dian)功能(neng)，需連(lian)接(jie)車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)機為電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)。相當于只(zhi)是起了一個(ge)控制(zhi)電(dian)源的作(zuo)用(yong)的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小(xiao)時，而(er)通過直流快速充電樁僅需要2到3個小(xiao)時(shi)。交流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁給電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機提供電(dian)(dian)力(li)輸入，由于車(che)(che)(che)載充(chong)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)功率并不大，所(suo)以(yi)不能(neng)實(shi)現快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)快(kuai)(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁是固定(ding)安裝在電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)外、與交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)網連接，可(ke)以(yi)為非車(che)(che)(che)載電(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)的(de)動力(li)電(dian)(dian)池提供直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源的(de)供電(dian)(dian)裝置，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁可(ke)以(yi)提供足夠的(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)調(diao)整范圍大，可(ke)以(yi)實(shi)現快(kuai)(kuai)充(chong)的(de)要求。