1、充電樁充電原理

充電樁固定在地面，利用專用充電接口，采用傳導方式，為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能，具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并(bing)充(chong)值(zhi)，就可以使用充(chong)電(dian)樁為汽車充(chong)電(dian)了。

電動汽車蓄電(dian)池放電(dian)后，用(yong)直流電(dian)按與放電(dian)電(dian)流相(xiang)反的(de)方向通過蓄電(dian)池，使它(ta)恢復工作能力(li)，這(zhe)個(ge)過程(cheng)稱(cheng)為蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)。蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)時，電(dian)池正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)源(yuan)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯(lian)，電(dian)池負極(ji)(ji)與電(dian)源(yuan)負極(ji)(ji)相(xiang)聯(lian)，充電(dian)電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓必須高(gao)于電(dian)池的(de)總電(dian)動勢。

2、充電樁充電方式

充電(dian)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)恒電(dian)流充電(dian)和恒電(dian)壓(ya)充電(dian)兩種。

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恒流充電法

恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改(gai)變與蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方(fang)法(fa)，保持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流強度不變的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。控制方(fang)法(fa)簡單，但由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可(ke)接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流能力是隨著充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行而逐漸下降的(de)，到(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流多用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)，產(chan)生氣(qi)(qi)體，使出氣(qi)(qi)過甚(shen)，因此，常選用階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在全部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間里保持恒(heng)定的數(shu)值，隨著蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少。與恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相(xiang)比(bi)，其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)更接近于最佳充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)曲線。用(yong)恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢較低，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流很(hen)大，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的進行，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減少，因此，只需(xu)簡易(yi)控制系統。

3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別

直流充電樁：直流電動汽車充電站，俗稱就是“快充”，它是固定安裝在電動汽車外，與交流電網連接，可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%，頻率50Hz,輸出為(wei)可(ke)調直流(liu)電，直接為(wei)電動汽(qi)車的動力電池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電。由于直流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電樁(zhuang)采用三相(xiang)四線制供電，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提供足(zu)夠的功率，輸出的電壓和電流(liu)調整范圍大，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)實現快充(chong)(chong)的要求。

交流充電樁：交流電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)充電(dian)樁，俗稱就(jiu)是“慢充”，固(gu)定(ding)安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)外、與交流電(dian)網連(lian)接，為(wei)電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)機（即固(gu)定(ding)安裝(zhuang)在電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)上的充電(dian)機）提供交流電(dian)源(yuan)的供電(dian)裝(zhuang)置。交流充電(dian)樁只提供電(dian)力輸(shu)出，沒(mei)有充電(dian)功能，需連(lian)接車(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)機為(wei)電(dian)動汽車(che)(che)(che)充電(dian)。相當于只是起了一個控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)源(yuan)的作用的。

兩者的區別：簡單來說，交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電，直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大，一輛純電動汽車（普通電池容量）完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時，而通過直流快速充電樁僅需要2到3個小時。交(jiao)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸入，由于車載(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)功率并(bing)不(bu)大，所以不(bu)能實現(xian)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。直(zhi)流(liu)快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)是(shi)固定安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車外(wai)、與交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接，可以為非車載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車的(de)動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池提(ti)供(gong)(gong)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，直(zhi)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)可以提(ti)供(gong)(gong)足(zu)夠的(de)功率，輸出(chu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)調整范圍大，可以實現(xian)快充(chong)(chong)的(de)要求。