1、充電樁充電原理
充電樁固定在地面,利用專用充電接口,采用傳導方式,為具有車載充電機的電動汽車提供交流電能,具有相應的通訊、計費和安全防護功能。市民只需要購買IC卡并充值,就可(ke)以使用充電(dian)樁為汽車充電(dian)了。
電動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后,用直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按與(yu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流相反的(de)方向通(tong)過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),使它恢復工作能(neng)力,這個過程稱為(wei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正極(ji)相聯(lian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)負極(ji)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負極(ji)相聯(lian),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必(bi)須高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。
2、充電樁充電方式
充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)式有恒電(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)和恒電(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)兩(liang)種(zhong)。
恒流充電法
恒(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是用調整(zheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或改變與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串(chuan)聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻的(de)方(fang)法(fa),保(bao)持充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)強度不變的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。控(kong)制方(fang)法(fa)簡單,但由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)可接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力是隨著(zhu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行而逐漸下降的(de),到充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)多用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水,產生氣(qi)體(ti),使出氣(qi)過(guo)甚,因此,常選用階段(duan)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。
恒壓充電法
充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)源的電(dian)壓在全(quan)部充(chong)(chong)電(dian)時間里保(bao)持恒(heng)定的數值,隨著蓄電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓的逐漸升高,電(dian)流逐漸減少。與恒(heng)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法相比(bi),其(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程更(geng)接近于(yu)最佳充(chong)(chong)電(dian)曲線。用恒(heng)定電(dian)壓快速充(chong)(chong)電(dian),由于(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)初(chu)期蓄電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)動勢較低,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流很大,隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的進行(xing),電(dian)流將(jiang)逐漸減少,因此,只需簡易控制系統。
3、直流充電樁和交流充電樁的區別
直流充電樁:直流電動汽車充電站,俗稱就是“快充”,它是固定安裝在電動汽車外,與交流電網連接,可以為非車載電動汽車動力電池提供直流電源的供電裝置。直流充電樁的輸入電壓采用三相四線AC380V±15%,頻率50Hz,輸出為可調(diao)直(zhi)流電(dian),直(zhi)接為電(dian)動汽車的(de)動力電(dian)池充電(dian)。由(you)于(yu)直(zhi)流充電(dian)樁采用三相四線(xian)制供(gong)電(dian),可以提供(gong)足(zu)夠的(de)功率(lv),輸出的(de)電(dian)壓和電(dian)流調(diao)整范圍大,可以實現快(kuai)充的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
交流充電樁:交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang),俗稱(cheng)就是(shi)“慢充(chong)”,固定安裝在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)外(wai)、與交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網連接(jie),為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(即固定安裝在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)上的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji))提供交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)。交流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)只提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸出,沒有(you)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能,需連接(jie)車(che)(che)載(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。相當于只是(shi)起(qi)了一個(ge)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)作用的(de)。
兩者的區別:簡單來說,交流充電樁需要借助車載充電機來充電,直流快速充電樁不需要這個設備。二者在充電速度上差別較大,一輛純電動汽車(普通電池容量)完全放電后通過交流充電樁充滿需要8個小時,而通過直(zhi)流(liu)快速充(chong)電樁僅需要(yao)2到3個小(xiao)時。交流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁給電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)電(dian)力輸入,由于車(che)載充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)機(ji)的功(gong)率(lv)并不大(da),所以不能(neng)實(shi)現快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)。直(zhi)流快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁是固(gu)定安裝在電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)外、與交流電(dian)網連接,可以為非車(che)載電(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)的動(dong)(dong)力電(dian)池(chi)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)直(zhi)流電(dian)源的供(gong)電(dian)裝置,直(zhi)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁可以提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)足夠(gou)的功(gong)率(lv),輸出的電(dian)壓和電(dian)流調(diao)整范圍大(da),可以實(shi)現快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的要求。