電療electrotherapy 利用不同類型電流和電磁場治療疾病的方法。物理治療方法中最常用的方法之一。主要有直流電療法、直流電藥物離子導入療法、低頻脈沖電療法、中頻脈沖電療法、高頻電療法、靜電療法 。

不同類(lei)(lei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對人體(ti)主(zhu)要生理(li)作(zuo)用不同。常用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能有直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三類(lei)(lei)。臨床上應用的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有：直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水浴療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離子導入療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)），低頻(pin)(pin)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（包括感應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)興(xing)奮療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)睡(shui)眠療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、超(chao)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刺(ci)激療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、經(jing)皮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刺(ci)激療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、間動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)），中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（包括等(deng)幅中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)正弦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、調制(zhi)中(zhong)頻(pin)(pin)正弦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、干擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)),高頻(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)（包括長波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、中(zhong)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、短(duan)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、超(chao)短(duan)波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、微波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)及毫(hao)米波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)）和靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)療(liao)(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。

1、直流電療：直流方向恒(heng)定(ding)的電流，可改(gai)變體內離(li)子(zi)分布，調整機體功能，常用來作藥物離(li)子(zi)導入(ru)；

2、低、中頻電療：低、中頻電流刺激(ji)神經肌(ji)(ji)肉收縮(suo)，降低痛閾，緩(huan)解粘(zhan)連，常用于(yu)神經肌(ji)(ji)肉疾病(bing)，如損傷、炎(yan)癥等；

3、高頻電療：高(gao)頻電以(yi)其對(dui)人(ren)體的熱效應和(he)熱外(wai)效促進循環，消(xiao)退炎(yan)癥(zheng)和(he)水腫，刺激組織再生，止(zhi)痛(tong)，常用以(yi)治療損傷、炎(yan)癥(zheng)疼痛(tong)癥(zheng)候(hou)群，大功率(lv)高頻電可(ke)用于加(jia)溫治癌；

4、靜電電療：主(zhu)要作用(yong)是調(diao)節中樞神(shen)(shen)經(jing)和(he)植物功能，常用(yong)于神(shen)(shen)經(jing)官能癥、高血壓(ya)早期、更(geng)年(nian)期癥候群。

利用電(dian)位作(zuo)用于人體，進行預防和治療(liao)疾病的方法(fa)稱為電(dian)位療(liao)法(fa)，亦稱電(dian)場療(liao)法(fa)，早在(zai)上世紀六七十年代就有了。

電(dian)療(liao)一(yi)般都(dou)是(shi)針對局(ju)部理療(liao)，不可(ke)(ke)能(neng)達到全方位(wei)治(zhi)療(liao)。因(yin)為一(yi)般而言，治(zhi)病(bing)(bing)必求于(yu)本(ben)。要(yao)想治(zhi)療(liao)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)都(dou)需要(yao)了解病(bing)(bing)因(yin)，而每種疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)的(de)成因(yin)非(fei)常復(fu)雜，僅用一(yi)臺儀器便可(ke)(ke)包治(zhi)百病(bing)(bing)，顯然(ran)違背醫學常理。那些號稱一(yi)臺儀器、某些廠家(jia)宣稱電(dian)位(wei)治(zhi)療(liao)儀能(neng)包治(zhi)各種骨病(bing)(bing)，顯然(ran)被神化了。市面上(shang)上(shang)宣稱的(de)一(yi)張坐墊，每天(tian)坐上(shang)30分鐘，便可(ke)(ke)以治(zhi)療(liao)數十(shi)種疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)，顯然(ran)也是(shi)不科學的(de)，那有病(bing)(bing)還要(yao)正規醫院做(zuo)啥。

電療儀可能會對某(mou)些中老年人(ren)的(de)失眠和高血壓有短暫的(de)改善，從而形成這治療(liao)儀有效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)的(de)錯覺(jue)。然(ran)而這個(ge)并不能達(da)到(dao)治療(liao)的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，更多的(de)中老年人(ren)體驗(yan)后不僅沒(mei)有效(xiao)果(guo)(guo)，反而癥狀加重，比如血壓升高，記憶衰退，甚至有老年人(ren)做了(le)生物電療(liao)后導致心肌梗塞(sai)猝死，所以一定要慎之又慎。

使用電療(liao)儀的(de)(de)(de)反應：發困、想睡覺(jue)、疲倦、渾身無力。患有心臟疾患的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)會出現胸悶(men)、心跳過速的(de)(de)(de)感覺(jue)。身上酸痛(tong)，疼痛(tong)部位痛(tong)加劇、濕疹(zhen)、發癢、大(da)便(bian)次數增多、大(da)便(bian)帶血(xue)(xue)或者嘔吐、頭痛(tong)。高血(xue)(xue)壓或者糖(tang)尿病的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)(xue)壓、血(xue)(xue)糖(tang)值有暫進升高的(de)(de)(de)現象、肛門(men)排氣(qi)(矢氣(qi))等(deng)等(deng)。

高(gao)(gao)壓靜(jing)電療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)分(fen)低、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、高(gao)(gao)頻，不同頻率可以(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)不同疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)。比如：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頻電流(liu)可興奮(fen)周圍神(shen)經的(de)粗纖維(wei)，抑(yi)制(zhi)傳導(dao)疼痛感覺的(de)細小(xiao)纖維(wei)，從而(er)鎮(zhen)痛。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)頻電流(liu)還(huan)可以(yi)擴張血管(guan)，促(cu)進(jin)血液循(xun)環。而(er)高(gao)(gao)壓靜(jing)電療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)并(bing)不是(shi)人人適合，比如嚴重(zhong)的(de)心臟病(bing)(bing)、高(gao)(gao)血壓患者(zhe)(zhe)，就不能(neng)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)頻儀器治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)。目(mu)前，臨床治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)發現，高(gao)(gao)壓靜(jing)電療(liao)(liao)法(fa)(fa)可以(yi)鎮(zhen)靜(jing)、鎮(zhen)痛、促(cu)進(jin)血液循(xun)環，尤其對失(shi)眠、高(gao)(gao)血糖等疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)有一定的(de)輔助作用(yong)，但(dan)并(bing)不能(neng)去除病(bing)(bing)根。高(gao)(gao)壓靜(jing)電治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)作為一種常規理療(liao)(liao)手(shou)段，會對某些(xie)疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)起到一種輔助治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)(liao)的(de)作用(yong)，但(dan)并(bing)不能(neng)包治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)百病(bing)(bing)，建議(yi)消費者(zhe)(zhe)謹慎使用(yong)，不要(yao)被商家忽悠，特別是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)老年人要(yao)謹防上當受騙(pian)。

人體(ti)(ti)(ti)對電流的(de)(de)(de)反應與耐受(shou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不同的(de)(de)(de)，一般(ban)人體(ti)(ti)(ti)能感(gan)覺到刺激(ji)的(de)(de)(de)電流值大約(yue)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1mA,，當人體(ti)(ti)(ti)通過5--20毫(hao)安時，肌(ji)肉(rou)就產(chan)生(sheng)收(shou)縮抽(chou)搐現象。電的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)性體(ti)(ti)(ti)現在用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)上，用(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)大必然產(chan)生(sheng)毒(du)性。其(qi)毒(du)性目標是(shi)(shi)(shi)人體(ti)(ti)(ti)內生(sheng)物電活躍組(zu)織(zhi)，包括神經(jing)、肌(ji)肉(rou)、腺體(ti)(ti)(ti)、造血(xue)系(xi)統和免疫系(xi)統。長期使用(yong)(yong)，電療師的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)會(hui)(hui)出現萎縮變型，人體(ti)(ti)(ti)黑瘦(shou)全身無力,精神萎靡(mi),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)神經(jing)、肌(ji)肉(rou)受(shou)損的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現；有(you)(you)些女性未(wei)婚(hun)電療師1-3個月后幾(ji)乎都出現月經(jing)異(yi)常，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)腺體(ti)(ti)(ti)受(shou)損的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)現；還有(you)(you)心(xin)臟病，為何做幾(ji)個人，自己就累得不行了，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)臟受(shou)影響的(de)(de)(de)原因；長期做體(ti)(ti)(ti)控(kong)電的(de)(de)(de)人造血(xue)系(xi)統會(hui)(hui)出現白細胞下降等。

頻繁(fan)地使用電(dian)療法治療包括體(ti)控(kong)電(dian)療操(cao)作(zuo)者長時間多頻次的(de)體(ti)控(kong)操(cao)作(zuo)電(dian)循環形成并發癥(zheng)主要是頭(tou)(tou)暈(yun)、頭(tou)(tou)痛、惡心、嘔吐和記憶減退(tui)。其中記憶減退(tui)出現的(de)比例較高。

根據(ju)國家(jia)食品藥(yao)品監督局的法(fa)律(lv)，凡(fan)是與人體(ti)接觸的電療設備均屬于醫(yi)療器(qi)械，必須經過(guo)臨床驗證才可以使用。

經常(chang)有一(yi)些所謂“高電位(wei)治療儀(yi)”來社區作“免費(fei)治療”，并且宣稱“不賣產品，只作宣傳(chuan)”，實(shi)際上是為了給老年人洗腦，等老年人深信不疑后，再讓你掏(tao)錢買他(ta)們(men)的儀(yi)器(qi)。

1、商(shang)家所宣(xuan)稱(cheng)的高電(dian)(dian)位治療儀的“生物(wu)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)”實際上就是一種靜電(dian)(dian)場(chang)國外(wai)產(chan)品也就把它(ta)叫“靜電(dian)(dian)治療儀”，可在(zai)我們國家幾(ji)乎沒有廠家敢(gan)把“靜電(dian)(dian)”兩個字放進去。我與商(shang)家爭(zheng)論時，商(shang)家提(ti)到(dao)“靜電(dian)(dian)對人體是有害的，所以我們不能說(shuo)是靜電(dian)(dian)場(chang)”，看來(lai)是有意(yi)欺騙消費者(zhe)。

2、國(guo)外的(de)同類(lei)產品很(hen)少，并(bing)且(qie)只在醫院。而(er)我們中國(guo)卻是四處泛濫，商(shang)家(jia)為了獲取暴利，竟把銷(xiao)售對象瞄準了老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人。為了讓老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人產生購買欲(yu)望(wang)，把“每(mei)天都要補充生物(wu)電”作為宣(xuan)傳點。

3、長期(qi)呆在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)場內(nei)，會(hui)引(yin)起各種疾病。人體(ti)長期(qi)在(zai)靜電(dian)(dian)場內(nei)，會(hui)使人焦躁(zao)不(bu)安、頭痛、胸悶、呼吸(xi)困難、咳嗽等(deng)等(deng)。另外靜電(dian)(dian)可吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)空氣(qi)中(zhong)大量(liang)的塵埃，而且帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)性(xing)越大、吸(xi)附(fu)(fu)塵埃的數(shu)量(liang)就越多(duo)，而塵埃中(zhong)往(wang)往(wang)含有多(duo)種有毒物(wu)質和病菌(jun)，輕則刺(ci)激皮膚(fu)，影響皮膚(fu)的光澤(ze)和細嫩，重則使皮膚(fu)起癍生瘡，更(geng)嚴重的還(huan)會(hui)引(yin)發支(zhi)氣(qi)管哮喘、癌癥(zheng)(zheng)、心(xin)律失常(chang)等(deng)病癥(zheng)(zheng)。靜電(dian)(dian)是(shi)長年(nian)積(ji)累后，對人體(ti)產生副(fu)作用的。

醫(yi)院的(de)理(li)療(liao)儀一(yi)般用于治(zhi)病的(de)，比如，腰(yao)間盤突出做手術，在專科醫(yi)院治(zhi)療(liao)是(shi)有用到(dao)理(li)療(liao)儀的(de)。

家用(yong)理療儀一般用(yong)于保健的(de)，選擇家用(yong)理療儀要看產品有沒有“藥(yao)監械”（準）字好喝生(sheng)產許可證，這(zhe)類(lei)才是屬于醫(yi)療器械的(de)產品，醫(yi)療和(he)保健效果是經過國家行(xing)政(zheng)部門(men)肯定的(de)。

如果宣稱該電(dian)療(liao)(liao)儀(yi)(yi)能(neng)治療(liao)(liao)多(duo)種疾病，即所謂“包治百病”的(de)，可(ke)以要求經銷(xiao)商(shang)出示醫(yi)療(liao)(liao)器械注冊證。看注冊證的(de)竅門是(shi)查看其第二頁(ye)“制(zhi)造(zao)認(ren)可(ke)表(biao)(biao)”，此表(biao)(biao)中有一(yi)欄內容是(shi)“產(chan)品適(shi)用范圍”，該電(dian)療(liao)(liao)儀(yi)(yi)能(neng)治哪些病全都寫在上面。經銷(xiao)商(shang)是(shi)不是(shi)夸大(da)治療(liao)(liao)儀(yi)(yi)的(de)功能(neng)，一(yi)查便知。

此(ci)證是醫療(liao)器械生產和(he)銷(xiao)售所必需的許可證，若經(jing)銷(xiao)商(shang)不能提供此(ci)證復印件，有可能是違(wei)規(gui)經(jing)營，可以直接向當(dang)地藥品監督管理局和(he)工商(shang)管理局舉報。

經常(chang)遇到的情況(kuang)是(shi)有(you)注冊證和認可(ke)表(biao)(biao)，但是(shi)表(biao)(biao)中并(bing)沒有(you)經銷商(shang)宣(xuan)傳可(ke)以治療的那些病。有(you)些經銷商(shang)為了(le)促銷產(chan)品可(ke)能(neng)任意夸大(da)治療儀(yi)的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，擴大(da)治療范圍，甚至(zhi)為此對(dui)銷售業務(wu)員進行(xing)專門的“業務(wu)培訓”，以便(bian)在向顧客宣(xuan)傳時，不僅將(jiang)電療儀(yi)的功(gong)(gong)能(neng)講得頭(tou)頭(tou)是(shi)道，而且對(dui)顧客提出的問題(ti)也能(neng)一一對(dui)答。消(xiao)費者(zhe)應多留一點心，以免被誤導。