一、什么是氣體放電燈

氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)由氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)、金(jin)屬(shu)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)或幾種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)與金(jin)屬(shu)蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)混合放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)而發光的(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)，通過氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉換為光的(de)(de)(de)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類很多(duo)，用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)較多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)輝(hui)光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)弧光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)：輝(hui)光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)一般用(yong)(yong)于霓虹燈(deng)(deng)(deng)和(he)指(zhi)示燈(deng)(deng)(deng)；弧光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可有(you)很強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)光輸出，照明光源都采用(yong)(yong)弧光放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。熒(ying)光燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、高(gao)壓汞燈(deng)(deng)(deng)、鈉燈(deng)(deng)(deng)和(he)金(jin)屬(shu)鹵化物燈(deng)(deng)(deng)是(shi)(shi)應用(yong)(yong)最多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)照明用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)在工業(ye)、農業(ye)、醫(yi)療(liao)衛生和(he)科學研(yan)究領(ling)域的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途極為廣(guang)泛。

二、氣體放電燈有哪些種類

1、高強度氣體放電燈：由于管壁溫(wen)度而建(jian)立發光電弧，其發光管表面負載超過3W/cm2的放電燈(deng)。如(ru)高(gao)壓汞(gong)燈(deng)、高(gao)壓鈉燈(deng)、金屬鹵(lu)化物燈(deng)等(deng)。

2、低氣壓放電燈：熒光燈(deng)（低壓汞燈(deng)）、低壓鈉燈(deng)、無極燈(deng)。其中的熒光燈(deng)是應該最廣泛、用(yong)量(liang)最大(da)的氣體放電光源(yuan)。它具有結構簡單、光效高(gao)、發光柔和、壽(shou)命長等(deng)優(you)點。熒光燈(deng)的發光效率是白(bai)熾燈(deng)的4-5倍，壽(shou)命是白(bai)熾燈(deng)的3-8倍，是高(gao)效節能光源(yuan)。

氣體放電燈的種類主要有以上兩種，那么(me)它(ta)們有什么(me)特點呢？

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三、氣體放電燈泡的特點是什么

1、具有高效率，它們可以把25～30％的輸入電能轉換為光輸出(chu)。

2、壽命長。使用壽命長達1萬(wan)小(xiao)時(shi)或2萬(wan)小(xiao)時(shi)以上(shang)。

3、輻射光譜具有(you)可選擇(ze)性。通過選擇(ze)適當的發(fa)光物(wu)質，可使(shi)(shi)輻射光譜集中于所要求(qiu)的波長(chang)上(shang)，也可同時使(shi)(shi)用幾種發(fa)光物(wu)質，以求(qiu)獲得最佳的組合(he)光譜。

4、光輸(shu)(shu)出維持特(te)性好，在壽命終止時仍(reng)能(neng)提供60～80％的初始(shi)光輸(shu)(shu)出。

四、氣體放電燈鎮流器工作原理是什么

氣體放電(dian)燈(deng)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)離不(bu)開(kai)氣體放電(dian)燈(deng)輔助設備(bei)，因為它不(bu)能(neng)單獨接(jie)到電(dian)路中(zhong)去，必須與觸發器(qi)、鎮流器(qi)等輔助電(dian)器(qi)一起接(jie)入電(dian)路才(cai)能(neng)啟動和穩(wen)定工作(zuo)(zuo)。鎮流器(qi)的(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)主要(yao)有以下幾(ji)種：

1、電阻鎮流

電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)鎮流(liu)是依賴電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓正比于電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)關系來調節燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)，在直流(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)氣體放電(dian)(dian)(dian)光源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中應用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)鎮流(liu)器，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)簡單、安裝容易。當(dang)兼(jian)顧電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)效(xiao)率和燈的(de)工作穩定性(xing)時，有VLAMP=0.6Vn時，η=60%，可以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)鎮流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的(de)功耗(hao)很大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)工作效(xiao)率很低。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻鎮流(liu)(liu)在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)中有(you)少(shao)量應用(yong)，如自鎮流(liu)(liu)高壓汞(gong)燈(deng)(deng)利用(yong)鎢絲作鎮流(liu)(liu)器(qi)件，許(xu)多(duo)高頻基準鎮流(liu)(liu)器(qi)也(ye)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻制成。在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻鎮流(liu)(liu)器(qi)會(hui)影響燈(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的波(bo)形，燈(deng)(deng)的發光(guang)效率(lv)也(ye)會(hui)下(xia)降，電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)穩定性變差，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數(shu)相對較高。

2、電容鎮流

電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器在(zai)低(di)頻交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中工作時，燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)形近似為方波(bo)。由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器不能限制瞬時電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，所(suo)以會產生一個峰值很高的燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，這使燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形嚴重(zhong)失真，對(dui)燈(deng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極產生十分有(you)害的影響(xiang)，造成燈(deng)管壽命縮短，并使燈(deng)管發(fa)光閃動，因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)鎮流(liu)(liu)方式在(zai)低(di)頻交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中很少應用。

3、電感鎮流

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)流(liu)是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)器的(de)(de)(de)自感(gan)原理工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)，即它通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓正比于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)時間變(bian)化率(lv)來調節(jie)燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。由(you)于燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)滯后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一(yi)定(ding)位相(xiang)（所以也稱為滯后型鎮(zhen)流(liu)器），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數較低(di)，一(yi)般在(zai)0.5左(zuo)右。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)流(liu)對(dui)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化較敏感(gan)，鎮(zhen)流(liu)效果不太穩定(ding)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)流(liu)具有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路簡單、比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻鎮(zhen)流(liu)損(sun)耗低(di)、能改善燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形和(he)工作(zuo)穩定(ding)等優點，在(zai)各類氣體放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈中得到(dao)廣(guang)泛(fan)應用。

在高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)放電(dian)(dian)燈(deng)中，為(wei)(wei)了獲(huo)得較高(gao)的(de)(de)點(dian)火電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，可(ke)以用漏磁變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)作為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)型鎮流器(qi)應用。漏磁變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)屬于滯后(hou)型鎮流器(qi)，雖然體(ti)(ti)大笨重(zhong)，噪聲也大，但它能(neng)(neng)獲(huo)得比電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高(gao)的(de)(de)開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，用于燈(deng)管電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)于電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)放電(dian)(dian)燈(deng)（例如(ru)霓虹燈(deng)、冷陰極燈(deng)、紫外(wai)線燈(deng)等）時，能(neng)(neng)明顯改善啟動(dong)性能(neng)(neng)。

4、電感、電容（LC）鎮流

LC鎮流(liu)器(qi)有兩種(zhong)形(xing)式，一種(zhong)是由電(dian)感和(he)電(dian)容串聯組成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)鎮流(liu)器(qi)，通(tong)常設計成(cheng)(cheng)容抗(kang)(kang)比感抗(kang)(kang)大，使電(dian)路總體上呈容性。當(dang)容抗(kang)(kang)為感抗(kang)(kang)的(de)2.76倍時，電(dian)路的(de)恒流(liu)特性最穩定。這種(zhong)鎮流(liu)電(dian)路的(de)燈電(dian)流(liu)超(chao)前電(dian)源電(dian)壓一定的(de)相位(wei)，屬于超(chao)前型鎮流(liu)器(qi)。

LC超前(qian)型鎮(zhen)流器功(gong)耗(hao)較小(xiao)，有較好(hao)的(de)(de)穩流特性(xing)(xing)，燈啟動(dong)時(shi)的(de)(de)短(duan)路(lu)特性(xing)(xing)也好(hao)，與滯后型的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感鎮(zhen)流器配(pei)合(he)應用，可較好(hao)地改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)功(gong)率因數。但因為燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)零(ling)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)峰值與燈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)方向正(zheng)好(hao)相反，重復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較低，致使(shi)重復著火能力較差(cha)。

5、電子鎮流

電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器是(shi)由(you)電(dian)子(zi)元件(jian)組合而成的(de)新型(xing)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器，它實質上是(shi)一個(ge)電(dian)源變換(huan)器，將工(gong)頻(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)轉換(huan)為20～100kHz的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)壓，用(yong)以啟動并點亮熒(ying)光燈(deng)(deng)。采用(yong)高(gao)頻(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器可以提(ti)高(gao)燈(deng)(deng)管的(de)發光效率，避免工(gong)頻(pin)噪聲，減小鎮(zhen)流(liu)器的(de)體(ti)積和重量，提(ti)高(gao)功率因數，并易于(yu)實現智能控(kong)制。原則(ze)上適用(yong)于(yu)各類(lei)氣體(ti)放電(dian)燈(deng)(deng)，但對熒(ying)光燈(deng)(deng)特別是(shi)緊湊(cou)型(xing)熒(ying)光燈(deng)(deng)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)發展更(geng)為迅速(su)。