金剛石砂輪修整方法大全
1、磨削修整法
1.1磨削修整(zheng)法(fa)的原理
修整時是用普通磨料砂輪與金剛石砂輪對磨,金剛石砂輪做旋轉運動,而普通磨料砂輪在做旋轉運動的同時還做進給運動,金剛石砂輪表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)磨粒在摩擦(ca)力的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用下開(kai)始(shi)慢慢旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan),旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)同時對(dui)金(jin)屬結合劑(ji)(ji)產生一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)擠壓力,至(zhi)使粘結劑(ji)(ji)出(chu)現裂(lie)紋,隨著(zhu)摩擦(ca)力的(de)(de)(de)連續作(zuo)(zuo)用,造(zao)成結合劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)裂(lie)紋進一(yi)步擴(kuo)大,最終(zhong)粘結劑(ji)(ji)破碎,使磨鈍的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)顆粒從砂輪表(biao)面脫落,鋒利的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)顆粒顯露出(chu)來從而(er)達到修整的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
1.2磨(mo)削修整(zheng)法的(de)特點
磨(mo)削修(xiu)整(zheng)法的主要優點是:結構簡單、操作方(fang)便、修(xiu)整(zheng)時間短、磨(mo)削速度穩(wen)定、磨(mo)削成本較(jiao)低(di),但修(xiu)整(zheng)過程存在沖擊(ji)力,修(xiu)整(zheng)效率低(di)、修(xiu)整(zheng)精度差(cha)且磨(mo)粒脫落較(jiao)多(duo)、整(zheng)形質(zhi)量不易控(kong)制。多(duo)用于修(xiu)整(zheng)陶瓷(ci)和(he)樹脂粘結劑金剛石砂輪。
2、軟彈性修整法
2.1軟彈性修(xiu)整法(fa)的(de)原理
軟彈性修整法在修整時砂帶套在砂帶輪上,修整時金剛石砂輪高速旋轉(zhuan),卷帶(dai)輪(lun)緩慢(man)(man)轉(zhuan)動(dong),砂(sha)帶(dai)在帶(dai)輪(lun)上慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)移動(dong),利用砂(sha)帶(dai)與砂(sha)輪(lun)的接觸(chu)力有效地去除(chu)金(jin)剛(gang)石(shi)砂(sha)輪(lun)表(biao)面磨(mo)粒間的結合(he)劑,從而達到(dao)修整的目的。
2.2軟彈(dan)性(xing)修整法的(de)優(you)點
與其它修整方法相比,軟彈性修整法更適用于修整金屬結合劑金剛石微粉砂輪,因為金屬結合劑金剛石微粉砂輪既有金屬的塑性,又有很高的硬度,所以修整難度相當大,主要表現在:修整工具表面磨粒很快被磨損,其次是修整工的容屑空間容易堵塞使修整無法繼續。而用軟彈性修整法的修整工具——砂帶總是以新的鋒利磨粒被修整砂輪接觸,能形成良好的修整環境,有效地去除金剛石(shi)砂輪表(biao)面(mian)磨粒(li)間的結(jie)合劑,且修(xiu)整時磨削(xue)力較小,磨削(xue)表(biao)面(mian)質量高。
3、電火花修整法
3.1電火花修(xiu)整原理
該方法在修整金剛石砂輪過程中,砂輪高速旋轉,金剛石砂輪接電源的正極,工具電極接電源的負極,在金剛石砂輪和工具電極之間噴入磨削冷卻液,電壓加在工具(ju)電極與砂輪之間(jian),火花(hua)放電便在砂輪金屬(shu)粘結劑與修(xiu)整電極間(jian)產生,瞬時放電的(de)高溫使金屬(shu)粘結劑發生氣化(hua),砂輪表面的(de)金屬(shu)結合劑被(bei)有(you)效去除,金剛石磨粒被(bei)充分地暴(bao)露(lu)出來實現(xian)對砂輪的(de)修(xiu)整。
3.2電火花修整的特(te)點
可實現在線修整(zheng)(zheng),易于保(bao)證砂(sha)輪的(de)磨(mo)削精度(du),修整(zheng)(zheng)后的(de)砂(sha)輪磨(mo)削力小,整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)精度(du)高、且(qie)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)和修銳(rui)可同時完成,但(dan)整(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)速度(du)較慢且(qie)電(dian)火花(hua)放電(dian)修整(zheng)(zheng)金剛石砂(sha)輪會因為(wei)放電(dian)溫(wen)度(du)過高使(shi)磨(mo)粒的(de)性能發生改變,有效控(kong)制砂(sha)輪表面(mian)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)是(shi)電(dian)火花(hua)修整(zheng)(zheng)金剛石砂(sha)輪的(de)關鍵(jian)。
4、激光修整法
4.1激光修整法的原理
激光修整法是利用光學系統把激光光束聚焦成很小的光斑作用在砂輪表面,除少部分激光被反射外,絕大部(bu)分激光被金(jin)屬粘結劑吸(xi)收,溫度迅速升(sheng)高(gao),導致(zhi)被激(ji)光(guang)光(guang)束照射(she)的(de)區域,金(jin)屬粘(zhan)結(jie)劑氣化而被去(qu)除(chu),結(jie)合劑材料(liao)的(de)去(qu)除(chu)通常經過:照射(she)、吸收、升(sheng)溫、氣化幾個過程。在激(ji)光(guang)修理(li)砂輪時,合理(li)控制激(ji)光(guang)功率及密度,可以同(tong)時去除砂輪表面的金(jin)剛石磨粒和結合劑材(cai)料,達到(dao)砂(sha)輪(lun)整形(xing)的目的,通(tong)過調整激光加工參數(shu),還(huan)可(ke)以選擇性地去除砂輪表面的結(jie)合劑材料,使(shi)金剛石(shi)磨粒(li)具有(you)一定的(de)突起(qi)高度,達到砂輪修銳(rui)的目的。
4.2激光修整法的優點
激(ji)光修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)法是一(yi)種非(fei)接觸(chu)修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)方法,修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)時(shi)既(ji)沒(mei)有(you)(you)機械(xie)作用力、沒(mei)有(you)(you)修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)工具的損耗,激(ji)光作用時(shi)間(jian)短,作用面積小,對金剛(gang)石磨粒和(he)粘結劑都沒(mei)有(you)(you)損傷,確(que)保了粒的磨削(xue)性能,且修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)效(xiao)率高,缺點(dian)是修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)工藝(yi)較(jiao)復雜、成本較(jiao)高。
5、電解修整法
5.1電解修整法的(de)原理
電解修整法主要用于金屬粘結劑金剛石砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)修(xiu)整(zheng)時,金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)結合劑(ji)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪與(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)正(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)相接做為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji),工具電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)負極(ji)(ji)(ji)相接做為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji),在陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間噴入具有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)作(zuo)用的(de)磨削液(ye)(ye)(ye)做為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye),使金(jin)剛石(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)、工具電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)構成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)回路,修(xiu)整(zheng)時,讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)充滿陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)陽極(ji)(ji)(ji)之(zhi)間的(de)間隙,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)從砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪經(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)流(liu)向修(xiu)整(zheng)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪,金(jin)剛石(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪表面的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)結合劑(ji)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)成(cheng)份在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)作(zuo)用下,溶于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中,并與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中的(de)氫氧(yang)根(gen)離子化合,生成(cheng)微小固(gu)體被(bei)流(liu)動的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)帶走(zou),大大降低了金(jin)剛石(shi)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)輪表層(ceng)粘結強度,這個(ge)時候再(zai)使用機(ji)械修(xiu)整(zheng)法,修(xiu)整(zheng)性(xing)能就可以(yi)得到了極(ji)(ji)(ji)大的(de)改(gai)善。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)(jie)修(xiu)整(zheng)是以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化學作(zuo)用為(wei)主,機(ji)械作(zuo)用為(wei)輔進行的(de)一種復合修(xiu)整(zheng)方法。
5.2電解修整(zheng)法的特點
電(dian)(dian)解修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法可以方(fang)便的(de)實現金屬結合劑金剛石(shi)砂(sha)輪在線電(dian)(dian)解修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),且(qie)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形與修(xiu)(xiu)銳可同(tong)時(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng),容易控制金剛石(shi)砂(sha)輪表(biao)面的(de)切削狀態,用電(dian)(dian)解法修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)金剛石(shi)砂(sha)輪的(de)優(you)點是修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)間短、磨(mo)削熱小,避(bi)免了金剛石(shi)砂(sha)輪因(yin)修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)溫度過高磨(mo)粒(li)碳化導致砂(sha)輪壽(shou)命下降,缺(que)點是電(dian)(dian)解修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形精度不高,修(xiu)(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)成(cheng)(cheng)本較大(da),工藝(yi)較復雜(za)。
6、結束語
金剛(gang)石砂輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是實現硬脆材料的(de)(de)(de)精(jing)密磨削(xue)(xue)、超精(jing)密磨削(xue)(xue)、高效(xiao)磨削(xue)(xue)、成形(xing)磨削(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。金剛(gang)石砂輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)法種(zhong)類繁多(duo),各具特色,本(ben)文(wen)只介(jie)紹了目前研究(jiu)應用較廣(guang)、修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)效(xiao)果(guo)較好的(de)(de)(de)幾種(zhong)修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)法,在實際(ji)應用中還(huan)要綜合(he)考慮工件、加工等各方(fang)面因(yin)素,選擇最(zui)優修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)方(fang)案,以達到最(zui)佳的(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)效(xiao)果(guo)。