1、鋰電池充電器設計方案

11.1V鋰電池常用于涵道機、固定翼、直升機等航模中，具有放電穩定，工作溫度寬；允許較大的充電電流、充電速度快，僅需1~2個小(xiao)時就可(ke)以充滿；無(wu)記憶(yi)效應；自放電(dian)率低，儲存壽命長；能量高(gao)、儲存能量密度(du)大；輸出電(dian)壓高(gao)（單節鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)額定電(dian)壓一般為3.6V，而單節鎳氫(qing)和鎳鎘(ge)電池的電壓只有(you)1.2V）等優(you)點。在(zai)(zai)(zai)對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)(yao)防止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)度(du)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)于規(gui)(gui)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于規(gui)(gui)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，就會損壞鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或者使(shi)之(zhi)報廢。在(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況(kuang)下，能量過(guo)(guo)剩鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度(du)上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)將分解(jie)產(chan)生氣體，使(shi)之(zhi)內壓上(shang)升而(er)導致自燃或破裂的(de)危險。通(tong)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用時也要(yao)(yao)防止(zhi)過(guo)(guo)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)(guo)度(du)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)特(te)性及耐久性變差，可充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次數降低。

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2、充電電路結構設計分析

鋰電池在充電過程中需要控制它的充電電壓和充電電流并精確測量電池電壓，根據鋰電池電壓將充電過程分為四個階段。階段一為預充電，先用0.1C的小電(dian)流對鋰電(dian)池(chi)進行預充(chong)電(dian)，當電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)壓≥2.5V時轉(zhuan)到(dao)下(xia)一階段。階段二為恒(heng)流充電(dian)，用1C的恒定電流對鋰電池快速充電，點電池電壓(ya)≥4.2V時轉(zhuan)到下一階(jie)段(duan)。階(jie)段(duan)三(san)為恒壓(ya)充(chong)電，逐漸減小充(chong)電電流，保證電池(chi)電壓(ya)恒定=4.2V，當充(chong)電電流(liu)≤0.1C時(shi)轉(zhuan)到下(xia)一階段。階段四(si)為(wei)(wei)涓流充電(dian)，恒(heng)壓充電(dian)結束后(hou)，電(dian)池已(yi)經基本充滿，為(wei)(wei)了維(wei)持電(dian)池電(dian)壓，可以用0.1C甚至更小的電流對電池進行補充充電，到(dao)此鋰電池充電過(guo)程結束。

3、鋰電池充電器充電流程

電源未接上(shang)時，電路(lu)板上(shang)的LED燈不亮；

電源接上電路板，綠色LED持續亮著，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)路板等待(dai)鋰電(dian)(dian)池置入；

鋰電池放入后，則開始充電，LED變(bian)成橙(cheng)色；

當(dang)鋰電池達到(dao)充(chong)飽(bao)的條件(jian)時(shi)，則(ze)停止充(chong)電，LED變成橘色；

鋰電(dian)(dian)池充飽后，電(dian)(dian)池移走(zou)，LED變成綠(lv)色，等(deng)重新置入(ru)鋰電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)；

在充電過(guo)程中，會顯示充電百分(fen)比。

LED燈：

持續(xu)綠色：等待電池(chi)置入；持續(xu)黃色：充(chong)電中；持續(xu)橘色：電池(chi)已充(chong)飽充(chong)或已充(chong)6小時；閃(shan)爍橘色：警示(shi)訊息(輸出短路、正負(fu)極顛倒、溫度異常)。