1、鋰電池充電器設計方案

11.1V鋰電池常用于涵道機、固定翼、直升機等航模中，具有放電穩定，工作溫度寬；允許較大的充電電流、充電速度快，僅需1~2個小時就可以充滿(man)；無記(ji)憶(yi)效(xiao)應；自放電率低，儲存壽命長；能(neng)量高、儲存能(neng)量密度大；輸(shu)出(chu)電壓高（單節鋰電池的額(e)定電壓一般為3.6V，而單節鎳氫和鎳鎘電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)壓只有1.2V）等(deng)優點。在(zai)對鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時要(yao)防(fang)止過(guo)度(du)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)于規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)于規(gui)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，就會(hui)損壞(huai)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)者使之報廢。在(zai)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下，能量過(guo)剩鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)溫度(du)上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液將(jiang)分解產生氣體，使之內壓上(shang)升而導(dao)致(zhi)自燃或(huo)破裂的危險。通鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)使用時也要(yao)防(fang)止過(guo)度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，過(guo)度(du)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)特性及耐久(jiu)性變差，可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)次數降(jiang)低。

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2、充電電路結構設計分析

鋰電池在充電過程中需要控制它的充電電壓和充電電流并精確測量電池電壓，根據鋰電池電壓將充電過程分為四個階段。階段一為預充電，先用0.1C的小電流(liu)對鋰電池(chi)進行預充電，當電池(chi)電壓≥2.5V時轉(zhuan)到下一(yi)階段(duan)。階段(duan)二(er)為恒(heng)流充電(dian)，用1C的恒定電(dian)流對鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)快速充電(dian)，點(dian)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)壓(ya)≥4.2V時轉(zhuan)到下一階(jie)段。階(jie)段三為恒(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充電(dian)，逐漸減(jian)小充電(dian)電(dian)流，保證電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)恒(heng)定=4.2V，當充電(dian)電(dian)流≤0.1C時轉到下一階段(duan)。階段(duan)四為涓流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)，恒壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)結束后(hou)，電(dian)池已經基(ji)本(ben)充(chong)(chong)滿，為了(le)維持電(dian)池電(dian)壓，可以用0.1C甚至更小的電流對電池進行(xing)補充充電，到此鋰電池充電過程結束。

3、鋰電池充電器充電流程

電源未(wei)接上時，電路板上的LED燈不亮；

電(dian)源接上電(dian)路板，綠(lv)色LED持續亮著(zhu)，此時電(dian)路板等待鋰電(dian)池置(zhi)入(ru)；

鋰電池放入后，則開始充電，LED變成橙色；

當鋰電(dian)池達到充飽的條件時(shi)，則停(ting)止充電(dian)，LED變成(cheng)橘色(se)；

鋰電池(chi)充飽(bao)后，電池(chi)移走，LED變成綠色，等重新置入鋰電池充電；

在充(chong)電(dian)過(guo)程中，會顯(xian)示充(chong)電(dian)百分比。

LED燈：

持(chi)續綠(lv)色(se)：等待電池置入；持(chi)續黃色(se)：充(chong)電中(zhong)；持(chi)續橘(ju)色(se)：電池已充(chong)飽充(chong)或已充(chong)6小時；閃爍橘色：警(jing)示訊息(輸出短(duan)路、正負極顛倒、溫度異常)。