1、鋰電池充電器設計方案

11.1V鋰電池常用于涵道機、固定翼、直升機等航模中，具有放電穩定，工作溫度寬；允許較大的充電電流、充電速度快，僅需1~2個小時(shi)就可以(yi)充滿；無(wu)記(ji)憶效應；自放(fang)電率低，儲存(cun)壽命長；能(neng)量高、儲存(cun)能(neng)量密度大；輸出電壓高（單節鋰電池的額定(ding)電壓一般(ban)為3.6V，而單節鎳(nie)氫(qing)和鎳(nie)鎘電池的電壓只有1.2V）等(deng)優點。在對鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時要防止(zhi)過度充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如果充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高于(yu)規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大于(yu)規定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，就(jiu)會(hui)損壞鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)者使之報廢。在過充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的情況下(xia)，能量過剩鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)溫(wen)度上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液將分解(jie)產生氣體，使之內壓(ya)上(shang)升而導致(zhi)自(zi)燃或(huo)破裂的危(wei)險。通(tong)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在使用時也要防止(zhi)過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)特性(xing)及耐久性(xing)變差，可充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)次(ci)數(shu)降低。

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2、充電電路結構設計分析

鋰電池在充電過程中需要控制它的充電電壓和充電電流并精確測量電池電壓，根據鋰電池電壓將充電過程分為四個階段。階段一為預充電，先用0.1C的(de)小電流(liu)對鋰(li)電池進行預充電，當電池電壓≥2.5V時轉到下一階段。階段二為恒流充電(dian)，用(yong)1C的恒定電流(liu)對鋰(li)電池快(kuai)速充電，點電池電壓≥4.2V時轉到(dao)下一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)。階(jie)段(duan)三為(wei)恒(heng)壓(ya)充電(dian)(dian)，逐漸減小(xiao)充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，保證電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)恒(heng)定=4.2V，當充電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)≤0.1C時(shi)轉到下一階段。階段四為(wei)(wei)涓流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)，恒壓充電(dian)(dian)結束后(hou)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)已(yi)經(jing)基本充滿，為(wei)(wei)了(le)維持電(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓，可以用0.1C甚至更小的(de)電(dian)流對電(dian)池進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)，到(dao)此鋰電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)過程結束。

3、鋰電池充電器充電流程

電源未接上時，電路板上的LED燈不亮；

電源接上電路板，綠色LED持(chi)續亮著，此(ci)時電(dian)路(lu)板等待鋰電(dian)池(chi)置(zhi)入；

鋰電池放入后，則開始充電，LED變(bian)成橙色(se)；

當鋰電(dian)池達到充飽的(de)條件時，則停止充電(dian)，LED變成橘色；

鋰電池充飽后(hou)，電池移走，LED變成綠色(se)，等重新置(zhi)入鋰電(dian)池充電(dian)；

在充(chong)電過(guo)程(cheng)中，會顯示充(chong)電百分比。

LED燈：

持(chi)續(xu)綠色(se)：等待電(dian)池置入(ru)；持(chi)續(xu)黃色(se)：充(chong)電(dian)中(zhong)；持(chi)續(xu)橘色(se)：電(dian)池已充(chong)飽充(chong)或(huo)已充(chong)6小時；閃爍橘色(se)：警示訊息(輸出短路、正負極顛倒、溫度異常)。