臺州市行政區(qu)轄椒江(jiang)、黃巖、路(lu)橋(qiao)3個(ge)直屬區(qu)與臨海、溫(wen)嶺、玉環3個(ge)市和(he)天臺、仙(xian)居、三門3個(ge)縣,分設61個(ge)鎮24個(ge)鄉44個(ge)街(jie)道辦事處,4645個(ge)村委會(hui)、198個(ge)社區(qu)和(he)137個(ge)居委會(hui)。
臺州市(shi)(shi)位于浙江(jiang)中部沿海(hai)(hai),地處全國海(hai)(hai)岸帶中段(duan)。陸(lu)地范圍(wei)介于東(dong)經(jing)120°17′~121°56′、北(bei)(bei)緯28°01′~29°20′之間,東(dong)西長(chang)172.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),南北(bei)(bei)寬147.8公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。陸(lu)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)9411平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),周邊(bian)線(xian)1287.6公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。北(bei)(bei)接寧波、紹(shao)興(xing)(市(shi)(shi)界邊(bian)線(xian)分別為145.57公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)、79.53公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)),西鄰金華、麗水(shui)(邊(bian)線(xian)126.29公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)和82.47公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)),南連(lian)溫(wen)州(邊(bian)線(xian)222.92公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)),東(dong)瀕東(dong)海(hai)(hai),海(hai)(hai)岸線(xian)630.87公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。內(nei)水(shui)和領海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)域(yu)面(mian)積(ji)6910平方公(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。面(mian)積(ji)500平方米以上島嶼687個。
臺州市(shi)依(yi)山面(mian)(mian)(mian)海(hai),地勢由(you)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)東傾斜,西(xi)(xi)北山脈連綿(mian),千米(mi)峰(feng)巒迭起。東南丘陵緩延,平原灘涂寬廣,河(he)道縱橫。南面(mian)(mian)(mian)以雁蕩山為屏,有括蒼山、大雷山和天臺山等主(zhu)(zhu)要山峰(feng),其中括蒼山主(zhu)(zhu)峰(feng)米(mi)篩浪(lang)高(gao)達1382.4米(mi),是(shi)浙東最高(gao)峰(feng)。近海(hai)有12個島(dao)群(qun)691個島(dao)嶼,主(zhu)(zhu)要有臺州列(lie)島(dao)和東磯(ji)列(lie)島(dao)等。最大島(dao)嶼為玉環島(dao),現與大陸(lu)相連,大致(zhi)構成(cheng)“七(qi)山一水二分田(tian)”的結構特征(zheng)。臺州市(shi)中低山與丘陵占(zhan)臺州市(shi)陸(lu)域面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的70.4%,平原區(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約占(zhan)26.8%,內陸(lu)水域面(mian)(mian)(mian)積約占(zhan)2.8%。
臺州市所處(chu)的大地構造單元為華南加(jia)里東褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)系(xi)、浙東南褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)帶(dai)(dai)的溫州—臨(lin)海凹(ao)陷內(nei)。地質構造以斷裂為主,褶(zhe)(zhe)皺(zhou)不發(fa)育(yu)。出露地層主要(yao)包括(kuo)前(qian)第四系(xi)中生(sheng)界的白(bai)堊系(xi)、侏羅(luo)系(xi)地層,巖性以沉積巖為主,巖體結構多呈塊狀、層狀。侵入巖體較發(fa)育(yu),形(xing)成時代主要(yao)為燕山(shan)晚期(qi),主要(yao)分布在黃(huang)巖富山(shan)鄉、臨(lin)海北東、天臺石梁鎮以及三門(men)旁(pang)亭鎮南側(ce)一帶(dai)(dai),其余(yu)地段零(ling)星分布,巖體大多呈巖株、小(xiao)巖株或巖枝狀產出,以酸性巖為主。
臺州屬中(zhong)亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風區,四季(ji)分(fen)明。受(shou)海洋(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)調節和(he)西(xi)北(bei)高山對寒流的(de)阻滯(zhi),境內夏(xia)(xia)少(shao)酷(ku)熱(re),冬(dong)無嚴(yan)寒,熱(re)量(liang)豐(feng)富,雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充沛(pei),氣候溫和(he)濕潤。全(quan)市年(nian)(nian)均日照(zhao)時數1800—2037小時。區域分(fen)布(bu)以天(tian)臺縣(xian)、玉環縣(xian)與椒(jiao)江區洪家(jia)為(wei)多。平均氣溫低于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃為(wei)冬(dong)季(ji),高于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)22℃為(wei)夏(xia)(xia)季(ji),介于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃與22℃之(zhi)間(jian)為(wei)春秋(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)。夏(xia)(xia)季(ji)始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底至(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu),長達4個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)左(zuo)右。冬(dong)季(ji)始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)末(mo)至(zhi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun),止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),持續(xu)3—4個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),以兩北(bei)部丘陵山地(di)為(wei)長。秋(qiu)(qiu)季(ji)始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)后(hou)期(qi)至(zhi)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)初(chu),止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)末(mo)至(zhi)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),持續(xu)兩個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)多。春季(ji),西(xi)北(bei)部始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),其他(ta)各地(di)始于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun),止于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)后(hou)期(qi)至(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),分(fen)別(bie)達2個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1185—2029毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),多年(nian)(nian)平均降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1632毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總數132一(yi)171天(tian)。年(nian)(nian)內降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)有兩個明顯的(de)雨(yu)期(qi):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)至(zhi)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun),為(wei)歷時1個多月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)梅(mei)雨(yu)期(qi),降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)300多毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)20%,年(nian)(nian)際間(jian)比較穩(wen)定,相對變率為(wei)30%;8月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至(zhi)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)旬(xun),歷時1個多月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue),為(wei)臺風雨(yu)期(qi),降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)350毫(hao)(hao)米(mi),占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)23%,年(nian)(nian)際間(jian)變化較大,相對變率在40%一(yi)60%之(zhi)間(jian)。多年(nian)(nian)平均6—9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)降(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)年(nian)(nian)總量(liang)的(de)54.8%。
臺州市境內有(you)大(da)(da)小河(he)流(含干(gan)支流)700多條(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)中流域面(mian)積大(da)(da)于100平方千米的25條(tiao)(tiao)。椒江、金清兩大(da)(da)河(he)流水系的流域面(mian)積占全市陸域面(mian)積80%左右。
2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),臺州市(shi)(shi)地表水(shui)(shui)資源量為61.6012億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)偏(pian)少(shao)(shao)38.0%,與多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相比(bi)偏(pian)少(shao)(shao)31.4%。地表徑流的時(shi)空分布趨(qu)勢與降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)量基(ji)本一致。全市(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)量為62.2722億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),較上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)偏(pian)少(shao)(shao)37.9%,較多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)偏(pian)少(shao)(shao)31.5%。產水(shui)(shui)系數0.48,產水(shui)(shui)模數65.5萬立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)/平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)千(qian)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全市(shi)(shi)14座大、中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量為5.3971億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),較上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)減少(shao)(shao)2.2459億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。4座大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量為4.7139億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)減少(shao)(shao)2.0641億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),其(qi)中長潭(tan)水(shui)(shui)庫年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)量比(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)減少(shao)(shao)1.2091億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。10座中型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)蓄(xu)(xu)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量為0.6832億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比(bi)上年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)末(mo)(mo)(mo)減少(shao)(shao)0.1818億(yi)(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
臺州市(shi)共有(you)(you)鄉土(tu)木(mu)本(ben)植物993種,隸屬(shu)93科(ke)324屬(shu);分(fen)布區(qu)類型分(fen)析顯(xian)示(shi),臺州市(shi)的木(mu)本(ben)植物科(ke)屬(shu)組成復雜(za),地理成分(fen)多樣,南北過渡性特征明(ming)顯(xian),且(qie)特有(you)(you)和(he)珍稀植物較(jiao)多,生活型多樣;臺州鄉土(tu)木(mu)本(ben)植物資源在該市(shi)的西部中低山丘(qiu)陵區(qu)、中部丘(qiu)陵河谷平(ping)原區(qu)和(he)東部濱海平(ping)原島嶼區(qu)均(jun)有(you)(you)不同程(cheng)度的分(fen)布,因山地氣(qi)候和(he)土(tu)壤(rang)的垂直分(fen)異(yi)垂直分(fen)布規律較(jiao)為(wei)明(ming)顯(xian)。
臺州市(shi)金(jin)屬礦產貧乏,非金(jin)屬礦產豐富,地熱資(zi)源(yuan)具有(you)一定潛力(li),建筑(zhu)用(yong)石(shi)料、螢石(shi)等為(wei)市(shi)域(yu)主要礦種(zhong)。全市(shi)已發現各類礦產30余種(zhong),查明資(zi)源(yuan)儲(chu)量(liang)的礦種(zhong)20種(zhong),經過地質勘查的礦產地49個(ge)。
桂花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),又名木(mu)(mu)犀、丹桂、巖桂,屬木(mu)(mu)犀科常綠灌木(mu)(mu)或喬木(mu)(mu),高可達(da)10米。 梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),是二十四(si)番(fan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)信之首的梅(mei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),冰枝嫩(nen)綠,疏影清雅,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)色美秀,幽香宜人花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期獨(du)早,“萬(wan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)敢向雪中出,一樹獨(du)先(xian)天下春(chun)。”被譽(yu)為花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)魁。
樟(zhang)樹,形態(tai):常綠喬木,一般高(gao)20~30m,最高(gao)可達50m,胸徑(jing)4~5m,喜光,稍耐蔭;喜溫暖濕潤(run)氣候,耐寒性不強。
臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)歷史悠久,5000年(nian)(nian)前(qian)就(jiu)有(you)先民(min)在此生息(xi)繁(fan)衍。先秦時為甌越地。秦代(dai),屬(shu)閩(min)中(zhong)郡。漢初,先后有(you)東海王(wang)、東越王(wang)封(feng)立(li)。漢武(wu)帝(di)(di)元(yuan)封(feng)元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)前(qian)110),東越王(wang)除,民(min)徙江(jiang)(jiang)淮間,改(gai)(gai)其地屬(shu)會稽(ji)郡鄞縣(xian),置(zhi)回(hui)浦鄉。 少(shao)帝(di)(di)太(tai)平二年(nian)(nian)(257),分會稽(ji)郡東部置(zhi)臨海郡,隸揚州(zhou),郡治章安(an)(一作初治臨海,尋徙章安(an)),轄(xia)章安(an)、臨海、始平、永寧、松陽、羅陽(后改(gai)(gai)安(an)陽)、羅江(jiang)(jiang)7縣(xian),境(jing)域遠及閩(min)北。是為臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)建郡之始。 武(wu)德五年(nian)(nian)(622)置(zhi)臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou),以境(jing)內有(you)天臺(tai)(tai)山而得名,臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)之名自此始。1949年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)解放(fang)后,置(zhi)浙江(jiang)(jiang)第六(liu)專區。同年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)10日,第六(liu)專區改(gai)(gai)稱臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)專區。1994年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)22日,國務院(yuan)批準撤銷臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)地區和縣(xian)級(ji)黃(huang)(huang)巖市(shi)(shi)、椒江(jiang)(jiang)市(shi)(shi),設(she)立(li)地級(ji)臺(tai)(tai)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi)和縣(xian)級(ji)椒江(jiang)(jiang)區、黃(huang)(huang)巖區、路橋區。境(jing)轄(xia)椒江(jiang)(jiang)、黃(huang)(huang)巖、路橋3區與臨海、溫(wen)嶺(ling)2市(shi)(shi)和玉(yu)環、天臺(tai)(tai)、仙居、三(san)門4縣(xian)。市(shi)(shi)人民(min)政(zheng)府駐椒江(jiang)(jiang)區。
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