行政區劃和人口
煙臺市轄4區(qu)(qu)、1縣、7個(ge)縣級(ji)市和國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)經(jing)濟(ji)技術(shu)開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)、高新技術(shu)產業開發(fa)區(qu)(qu)、保(bao)稅港區(qu)(qu)及昆崳山保(bao)護區(qu)(qu),82個(ge)鎮、6個(ge)鄉、65個(ge)街道辦事處(chu),589個(ge)居(ju)民(min)委員會、6748個(ge)自(zi)然(ran)村。全市總面(mian)(mian)積13746.5平方(fang)公(gong)里,其中市區(qu)(qu)面(mian)(mian)積2722.3平方(fang)公(gong)里。
年(nian)末全市常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口708.94萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)末增(zeng)加2.54萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中城鎮常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口451.31萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)末增(zeng)加12.64萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。全市常住(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口城鎮化率(lv)達到63.66%,比(bi)上(shang)年(nian)提高1.56個百(bai)分點(dian)。全年(nian)戶籍人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口654.23萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),出(chu)生人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口7.26萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),出(chu)生率(lv)為(wei)11.1‰。
煙(yan)臺(tai)歷史悠久,是中(zhong)國古(gu)代(dai)早(zao)期文(wen)化發祥地(di)(di)之一(yi)。據(ju)考證,早(zao)在(zai)更新世晚期(距今約1萬年(nian)(nian)以(yi)前(qian)),就(jiu)有人(ren)類在(zai)這 里繁衍生息。古(gu)為(wei)東夷(yi)族地(di)(di),夏(xia)朝時東夷(yi)族在(zai)此(ci)建國,商、 西周、春秋時為(wei)萊(lai)國地(di)(di),戰國屬齊(qi),秦(qin)代(dai)屬齊(qi)郡,漢代(dai)為(wei)東 萊(lai)郡,晉為(wei)東萊(lai)國,南北(bei)朝為(wei)東萊(lai)、長廣(guang)郡,隋為(wei)萊(lai)州(zhou), 唐宋(song)元為(wei)登(deng)州(zhou)、萊(lai)州(zhou),明清(qing)為(wei)登(deng)州(zhou)府、萊(lai)州(zhou)府。公元1398年(nian)(nian) (明洪武三十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)),為(wei)加強海防,明政(zheng)府在(zai)此(ci)設奇山守御 所,這是煙(yan)臺(tai)最早(zao)的城市(shi)雛形;在(zai)北(bei)山筑烽火臺(tai),又稱“狼(lang) 煙(yan)臺(tai)”,煙(yan)臺(tai)由此(ci)而得(de)名。公元1858年(nian)(nian)(清(qing)咸(xian)豐八年(nian)(nian)),清(qing) 政(zheng)府與英、法(fa)等(deng)國簽訂(ding)《天津條約》,辟(pi)登(deng)州(zhou)為(wei)通(tong)商口岸, 1861年(nian)(nian)改為(wei)煙(yan)臺(tai)。此(ci)后,英、法(fa)、美等(deng)17個國家陸續在(zai)煙(yan)臺(tai) 設立(li)領事館。新中(zhong)國成立(li)后,1950年(nian)(nian)建立(li)文(wen)登(deng)、萊(lai)陽(yang)專區和 省(sheng)轄煙(yan)臺(tai)市(shi),1958年(nian)(nian)設立(li)煙(yan)臺(tai)專區,1983年(nian)(nian)11月成立(li)地(di)(di)級(ji)煙(yan)臺(tai)市(shi)。
煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)市(shi)(shi)地(di)處(chu)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)半(ban)島(dao)(dao)(dao)東(dong)部,瀕臨(lin)黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)、渤海(hai)(hai)(hai),與遼東(dong) 半(ban)島(dao)(dao)(dao)及日(ri)本、韓國、朝鮮隔海(hai)(hai)(hai)相望(wang)(wang)。煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)相擁,風(feng)光(guang)旖旎,四季分(fen)明(ming),景色秀美。一望(wang)(wang)無垠(yin)的(de)(de)金沙(sha)碧浪、景觀奇妙的(de)(de)大(da)小島(dao)(dao)(dao)嶼(yu)、聞名(ming)遐邇的(de)(de)蓬萊(lai)仙閣、飄渺奇幻的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)市(shi)(shi)蜃樓,使煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)成(cheng)為享譽(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)內外(wai)的(de)(de)旅游度假勝地(di)。煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)地(di)形為低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵區(qu),山(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)起伏(fu)和緩,山(shan)(shan)地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)36.6%,丘(qiu)陵占(zhan)(zhan)39.7%,平(ping)(ping)(ping)原占(zhan)(zhan)20.8%,洼(wa)地(di)占(zhan)(zhan)2.9%。境內海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔500米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)主要有(you)(you)大(da)澤山(shan)(shan)、艾山(shan)(shan)、羅山(shan)(shan)、牙山(shan)(shan)、昆崳(yu)山(shan)(shan)、招(zhao)虎山(shan)(shan)等(deng),最高峰為昆崳(yu)山(shan)(shan),海(hai)(hai)(hai)拔922.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。境內河(he)流(liu)眾多,5公里(li)以(yi)上(shang)河(he)流(liu)121條,其中五龍河(he)、大(da)沽(gu)河(he)、大(da)沽(gu)夾河(he)、辛(xin)安河(he)等(deng)8條河(he)流(liu)流(liu)域(yu)面(mian)積在300平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)公里(li)以(yi)上(shang)。煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線、島(dao)(dao)(dao)岸線909公里(li),有(you)(you)500平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)上(shang)近岸島(dao)(dao)(dao)嶼(yu)72個(ge),面(mian)積較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)芝罘(fu)島(dao)(dao)(dao)、南長(chang)山(shan)(shan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)和養馬島(dao)(dao)(dao),有(you)(you)居民(min)的(de)(de)島(dao)(dao)(dao)15個(ge)。煙(yan)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)屬于暖溫(wen)(wen)帶大(da)陸性季風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou),四季分(fen)明(ming),雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)適中,空氣(qi)濕潤,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)和。全(quan)市(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)為722.2毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.0℃,日(ri)照時(shi)數2611.6小時(shi),無霜期282天。 全(quan)市(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為13.4℃,比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)提(ti)高0.2℃。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)526.9毫(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)8.54億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)末全(quan)市(shi)(shi)29座大(da)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)1.83億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)同期儲水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)少2.05億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)總(zong)(zong)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)8.42億(yi)立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)減少3.1%。萬元GDP用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)12.16立(li)(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi),比上(shang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)下降9.8%。
煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺海(hai)(hai)(hai)洋漁(yu)業(ye)資源豐(feng)富,盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)、對蝦、鮑(bao)魚(yu)、扇(shan)貝等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)珍品(pin),近海(hai)(hai)(hai)漁(yu)業(ye)生物品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)200多個,有(you)捕撈價值的(de)100余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)重要的(de)漁(yu)業(ye)基地(di)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺是中國(guo)(guo)北方著(zhu)名的(de)水果(guo)產(chan)(chan)地(di),土(tu)特(te)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)久負(fu)盛(sheng)名,享譽海(hai)(hai)(hai)內外。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺葡萄(tao)酒、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺蘋果(guo)、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺大(da)櫻桃、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺海(hai)(hai)(hai)參(can)等(deng)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)成為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)保(bao)護產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺蘋果(guo)、萊(lai)陽梨、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)臺大(da)櫻桃、萊(lai)州梭子蟹(xie)等(deng)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)獲(huo)注(zhu)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)地(di)理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)證明(ming)商標(biao)。地(di)下(xia)礦藏十分豐(feng)富,已發現礦產(chan)(chan)70多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),探明(ming)儲(chu)量(liang)的(de)有(you)40多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),黃金儲(chu)量(liang)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)均居全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)首位,菱鎂(mei)(mei)礦、鉬(mu)(mu)、滑石(shi)儲(chu)量(liang)均居全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)前5位。沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)陸(lu)架儲(chu)有(you)豐(feng)富的(de)石(shi)油和(he)(he)天然氣資源,屬“富集型”油區(qu)。全(quan)(quan)市已發現礦種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),可開發利(li)用的(de)有(you)36種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),黃金、菱鎂(mei)(mei)、滑石(shi)、鉬(mu)(mu)儲(chu)量(liang)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)分別居全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)第一、二、三、四(si)位。全(quan)(quan)年新(xin)增查明(ming)資源儲(chu)量(liang)的(de)大(da)中型礦產(chan)(chan)地(di)9處,新(xin)增探明(ming)儲(chu)量(liang)礦種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
全市公路總里程19472.47公里,其(qi)(qi)中高速公路557.57公里。年末全市港口(kou)擁有(you)生產用碼頭泊位236個(ge),擁有(you)萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)及以(yi)上(shang)泊位90個(ge),其(qi)(qi)中20萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)4個(ge)、10萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)18個(ge)、5萬噸(dun)(dun)級(ji)以(yi)上(shang)44個(ge)。
公交(jiao)營(ying)(ying)運(yun)(yun)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)3889輛(liang)(liang)(liang),營(ying)(ying)運(yun)(yun)線路(lu)325條,線路(lu)總長8478.80公里,運(yun)(yun)客(ke)(ke)量38575.70萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci),其(qi)中市(shi)區(qu)公交(jiao)營(ying)(ying)運(yun)(yun)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)(liang)2090輛(liang)(liang)(liang),運(yun)(yun)客(ke)(ke)量31224.90萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci)。年末營(ying)(ying)運(yun)(yun)出租(zu)汽車(che)5416輛(liang)(liang)(liang),運(yun)(yun)客(ke)(ke)量9666.50萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci),其(qi)中市(shi)區(qu)營(ying)(ying)運(yun)(yun)出租(zu)汽車(che)2169輛(liang)(liang)(liang),運(yun)(yun)客(ke)(ke)量4950.50萬(wan)人(ren)次(ci)。
全(quan)年(nian)全(quan)社會電(dian)力消費量487.97億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),比上年(nian)增長5.4%。第(di)一產業用電(dian)14.35億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),增長5.8%;第(di)二產業用電(dian)389.27億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),增長4.8%,其(qi)中工(gong)業用電(dian)386.27億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),增長4.9%;第(di)三產業用電(dian)40.99億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),增長9.9%;城鄉(xiang)居民生活用電(dian)43.37億(yi)千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi),增長6.3%。
全年(nian)市(shi)區(qu)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量指(zhi)數(shu)(AQI)優(you)良天(tian)(tian)數(shu)為292天(tian)(tian),較上(shang)(shang)年(nian)減(jian)少22天(tian)(tian)。空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量優(you)良天(tian)(tian)數(shu)比例為80.0%,較上(shang)(shang)年(nian)降低5.8個百(bai)分(fen)點。市(shi)區(qu)二(er)(er)氧(yang)化硫年(nian)均濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為15微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,達(da)到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量一級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),同(tong)比改(gai)(gai)善(shan)28.6%;二(er)(er)氧(yang)化氮年(nian)均濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為30微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,達(da)到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量一級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),同(tong)比改(gai)(gai)善(shan)9.1%;一氧(yang)化碳年(nian)均值為0.7毫克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,同(tong)比改(gai)(gai)善(shan)12.5%,達(da)到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量二(er)(er)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun);可吸入顆粒物(PM10)年(nian)均濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為69微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,達(da)到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量二(er)(er)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),同(tong)比改(gai)(gai)善(shan)9.2%;細(xi)顆粒物(PM2.5)年(nian)均值35微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,達(da)到(dao)(dao)國家(jia)環(huan)(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量二(er)(er)級(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),同(tong)比改(gai)(gai)善(shan)10.3%;臭氧(yang)日最大(da)8小時平均第90百(bai)分(fen)位數(shu)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)為164微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,比上(shang)(shang)年(nian)上(shang)(shang)升22微(wei)(wei)(wei)克(ke)/立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,同(tong)比惡化15.5%,是市(shi)區(qu)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)質量下降的主要原(yuan)因。
市區降水pH年均(jun)值為(wei)(wei)6.87,未出現酸雨(yu)(yu)(pH<5.6的雨(yu)(yu)水為(wei)(wei)酸雨(yu)(yu))污染。
集中(zhong)式飲用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源水(shui)質全部達標(biao)。26條(tiao)重(zhong)點河流42個監測斷面(mian)水(shui)質達標(biao)率(lv)穩(wen)定在85%以上。
聲環(huan)境質量符合(he)國家(jia)標(biao)準,各類噪(zao)聲功能區(qu)均達到相(xiang)應指標(biao)要求。市區(qu)道路交通噪(zao)聲年均值為68.5分貝(bei)。市區(qu)區(qu)域環(huan)境噪(zao)聲等效聲級晝間(jian)為54.0分貝(bei)。
全市管(guan)轄(xia)海(hai)(hai)域海(hai)(hai)水(shui)水(shui)質以一(yi)(yi)類(lei)、二類(lei)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)為主,符合一(yi)(yi)類(lei)和二類(lei)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)水(shui)質標準的海(hai)(hai)域面積(ji)占全市管(guan)轄(xia)海(hai)(hai)域面積(ji)的94.0%。海(hai)(hai)水(shui)浴(yu)場在整個監測期(qi)內(nei)水(shui)質狀況(kuang)為優(you)良。
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