【萬(wan)(wan)用(yong)表測電(dian)容(rong)(rong)】萬(wan)(wan)用(yong)表怎么測電(dian)容(rong)(rong) 怎樣用(yong)萬(wan)(wan)用(yong)表測電(dian)容(rong)(rong)
現在,數字(zi)(zi)式(shi)測量儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)已(yi)成為主流,有取代模(mo)擬式(shi)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)的趨勢。與(yu)模(mo)擬式(shi)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)相比,數字(zi)(zi)式(shi)儀(yi)(yi)表(biao)(biao)靈敏度高(gao),準(zhun)確度高(gao),顯示(shi)清晰(xi),過載能力強(qiang),便于攜帶,使用(yong)更簡單。下面以(yi)VC9802型數字(zi)(zi)萬用(yong)表(biao)(biao)為例,簡單介紹其使用(yong)方(fang)法(fa)。
1、使用方法
(1)使(shi)用前,應認(ren)真(zhen)閱讀(du)有關(guan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用說(shuo)明書,熟悉電源開關(guan)、量程開關(guan)、插(cha)孔、特殊插(cha)口的(de)(de)作用。
(2)將電源開(kai)關置(zhi)于(yu)ON位(wei)置(zhi)。
(3)交(jiao)直流電壓的測(ce)量(liang):根據需要將量(liang)程(cheng)開關撥至DCV(直流)或ACV(交(jiao)流)的合適量(liang)程(cheng),紅表筆插入(ru)V/Ω孔,黑表筆插入(ru)COM孔,并將表筆與被測(ce)線路(lu)并聯,讀數即顯示。
(4)交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的測(ce)量(liang):將量(liang)程開關撥至DCA(直(zhi)流(liu)(liu))或ACA(交(jiao)流(liu)(liu))的合適量(liang)程,紅表筆插(cha)入(ru)mA孔(<200mA時(shi))或10A孔(>200mA時(shi)),黑表筆插(cha)入(ru)COM孔,并將萬用表串(chuan)聯在被測(ce)電(dian)路中即可。測(ce)量(liang)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)時(shi),數字萬用表能自動顯示極性。
(5)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang):將(jiang)量(liang)(liang)程開(kai)關撥至Ω的合適量(liang)(liang)程,紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)插(cha)入V/Ω孔(kong),黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)插(cha)入COM孔(kong)。如果被(bei)測(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值(zhi)超出(chu)所選擇量(liang)(liang)程的最大值(zhi),萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)將(jiang)顯(xian)示“1”,這時(shi)應選擇更高的量(liang)(liang)程。測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)時(shi),紅(hong)表(biao)筆(bi)為正極,黑(hei)表(biao)筆(bi)為負極,這與指(zhi)針式萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)正好相反。因此,測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)晶(jing)體(ti)管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器等有極性的元器件(jian)時(shi),必(bi)須注意表(biao)筆(bi)的極性。
2、使用注意事項
(1)如果無法預先估計被測(ce)電(dian)壓或電(dian)流的大小,則(ze)應先撥至最(zui)高量程擋測(ce)量一次,再視情況(kuang)逐(zhu)漸把量程減小到合適位(wei)置(zhi)。測(ce)量完(wan)畢,應將量程開關(guan)撥到最(zui)高電(dian)壓擋,并(bing)關(guan)閉電(dian)源(yuan)。
(2)滿(man)量程時(shi),儀表僅在(zai)最高位顯示(shi)數字“1”,其它位均消(xiao)失,這時(shi)應選擇更高的量程。
(3)測(ce)量電(dian)壓時,應將數(shu)字萬用表與(yu)被測(ce)電(dian)路(lu)并聯。測(ce)電(dian)流時應與(yu)被測(ce)電(dian)路(lu)串(chuan)聯,測(ce)直流量時不必考(kao)慮正、負極性。
(4)當誤(wu)用交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)擋(dang)去測(ce)(ce)量直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya),或者誤(wu)用直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)擋(dang)去測(ce)(ce)量交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)壓(ya)時(shi),顯示屏將(jiang)顯示“000”,或低位上的數(shu)字(zi)出現跳動。
(5)禁止(zhi)在(zai)測(ce)量高電(dian)(dian)壓(220V以(yi)上(shang))或大電(dian)(dian)流(0.5A以(yi)上(shang))時(shi)換量程(cheng),以(yi)防止(zhi)產生電(dian)(dian)弧,燒毀開關(guan)觸點(dian)。
(6)當顯示“”、“BATT”或“LOWBAT”時,表示電池的電壓(ya)低于(yu)工作電壓(ya)。
怎樣用萬用表測電容可按以下方法進行:
1、用電容檔直接檢測
某些數(shu)字萬用表具(ju)有測(ce)量(liang)電容的(de)功能,其量(liang)程分(fen)為2000p、20n、200n、2μ和20μ五檔。測(ce)量(liang)時可(ke)將(jiang)已(yi)放電的(de)電容兩引腳(jiao)直接插入表板(ban)上(shang)的(de)Cx插孔,選(xuan)取適當的(de)量(liang)程后就可(ke)讀取顯示(shi)數(shu)據。
000p檔(dang)(dang),宜(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測量小于(yu)(yu)(yu)2000pF的(de)電容;20n檔(dang)(dang),宜(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測量2000pF至20nF之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電容;200n檔(dang)(dang),宜(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測量20nF至200nF之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電容;2μ檔(dang)(dang),宜(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測量200nF至2μF之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電容;20μ檔(dang)(dang),宜(yi)(yi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)測量2μF至20μF之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電容。
經驗證(zheng)明,有(you)些型號的(de)(de)數字萬用(yong)表(例如DT890B+)在測(ce)量(liang)50pF以下的(de)(de)小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器時(shi)誤差較大,測(ce)量(liang)20pF以下電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)幾乎沒有(you)參考價值(zhi)(zhi)。此時(shi)可采(cai)用(yong)串聯(lian)法(fa)測(ce)量(liang)小(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)。方法(fa)是:先找(zhao)一只(zhi)220pF左(zuo)右的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong),用(yong)數字萬用(yong)表測(ce)出(chu)其(qi)實際(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)C1,然后把待測(ce)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)與(yu)之并聯(lian)測(ce)出(chu)其(qi)總(zong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)C2,則(ze)兩者之差(C1-C2)即是待測(ce)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)。用(yong)此法(fa)測(ce)量(liang)1~20pF的(de)(de)小(xiao)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)很準確。
2、用電阻檔檢測
實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)證明,利用(yong)數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)也可(ke)觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng),這(zhe)實(shi)(shi)際上是以離散的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字量(liang)(liang)(liang)反映充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)變(bian)化情(qing)況。設數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)速(su)率(lv)為n次/秒(miao),則在觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)(cheng)中,每(mei)秒(miao)鐘即可(ke)看到(dao)n個彼此獨立且依次增大(da)(da)的(de)(de)讀(du)數(shu)(shu)。根據(ju)數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)的(de)(de)這(zhe)一(yi)顯(xian)示特點,可(ke)以檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)好壞和(he)估測電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小。下面介紹的(de)(de)是使用(yong)數(shu)(shu)字萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻檔檢(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器的(de)(de)方法,對于(yu)未(wei)設置電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)檔的(de)(de)儀(yi)表(biao)很(hen)有實(shi)(shi)用(yong)價值。此方法適用(yong)于(yu)測量(liang)(liang)(liang)0.1μF~幾千(qian)微法的(de)(de)大(da)(da)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器。
將數(shu)字萬用表(biao)撥至合適的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻檔(dang),紅表(biao)筆和黑(hei)表(biao)筆分別接(jie)觸(chu)被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)Cx的(de)兩(liang)極,這時(shi)顯(xian)示(shi)值將從“000”開(kai)始(shi)(shi)逐漸增加,直至顯(xian)示(shi)溢出符(fu)號“1”。若始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)顯(xian)示(shi)“000”,說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部短路;若始(shi)(shi)終(zhong)顯(xian)示(shi)溢出,則可(ke)能時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)內部極間開(kai)路,也可(ke)能時(shi)所選(xuan)擇的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻檔(dang)不合適。檢查電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)時(shi)需要注意,紅表(biao)筆(帶(dai)正電(dian)(dian)(dian))接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)正極,黑(hei)表(biao)筆接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)負極。