蓄電池的分類

鉛酸蓄電池

常用的(de)車(che)用蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池主要分為(wei)三類(lei)：普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池和免維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。

1、普通蓄電池

普通蓄電池的極板是由鉛和鉛的氧化物構成，電解液(ye)是硫酸的水溶液(ye)。它的主要優點是電(dian)壓(ya)穩定、價格便宜；缺點是比(bi)能低 ( 即每公斤蓄電(dian)池(chi)存儲的電(dian)能 ) 、使(shi)用(yong)壽命短和日(ri)常維護頻繁。

2、干荷蓄電池

它的(de)全稱(cheng)是干式(shi)荷電鉛酸(suan)蓄電池，它的(de)主要特點是負極板有較高的(de)儲電能力，在完全干燥狀(zhuang)態下，能在兩(liang)年內保存所(suo)得到的(de)電量(liang)，使(shi)用時(shi)，只(zhi)需(xu)加入電解液(ye)，等過(guo) 20 — 30 分鐘就可使(shi)用。

3、免維護蓄電池

免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由(you)于自身(shen)結構上的(de)優勢，電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)的(de)消(xiao)耗量非(fei)常(chang)小，在使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命內基本不(bu)(bu)需要補(bu)充(chong)(chong)蒸餾水。它還具(ju)有耐震、耐高(gao)溫、體積小、自放電(dian)小的(de)特點。使(shi)(shi)用壽(shou)命一般為(wei)普通蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)兩倍。市場(chang)上的(de)免維(wei)護(hu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也(ye)有兩種(zhong)：第一種(zhong)在購(gou)買時(shi)(shi)一次(ci)性加電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)以(yi)后使(shi)(shi)用中不(bu)(bu)需要維(wei)護(hu)( 添加補(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye) ) ；另一種(zhong)是電(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身(shen)出廠(chang)時(shi)(shi)就已經加好電(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)并封死，用戶根本就不(bu)(bu)能加補(bu)充(chong)(chong)液(ye)(ye)。

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UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱為(wei)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，是因(yin)(yin)為(wei)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)，它能快速轉(zhuan)換到"逆變"狀態，從(cong)而(er)不(bu)會讓在使(shi)用(yong)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦因(yin)(yin)為(wei)突然停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)未來得及存儲(chu)而(er)失去重要文(wen)件(jian)。 不(bu)是用(yong)來當備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源用(yong)的(de)，如果你只是想在停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou)(hou)可以用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，光買逆變器(qi)就(jiu)夠了。 一般家用(yong)UPS里用(yong)的(de)大多是，免維護型鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

磷酸鐵鋰蓄電池

磷酸(suan)(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)家族中最(zui)安全的(de)(de)(de)高比能(neng)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。磷酸(suan)(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)非常(chang)平穩，一般為3.2 V，放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期（主要指(zhi)剩(sheng)余的(de)(de)(de)10%容量）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)變(bian)化較快，截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般為2.5 V。環境(jing)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度特(te)別是低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)會(hui)對磷酸(suan)(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量產(chan)生影(ying)響：-20℃的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量是常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)容量的(de)(de)(de)45%，-10℃是常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)65%，-5℃是常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)80%，0℃是常(chang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)90%，0℃～20℃的(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量變(bian)化非常(chang)小。磷酸(suan)(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)性能(neng)優于鉛酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

超級蓄電池

”超級蓄電(dian)(dian)池——發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)源”是一(yi)種當內(nei)燃機(ji)配用的傳統蓄電(dian)(dian)池失效(xiao)而無法(fa)實施(shi)啟動(dong)時，能通過快速儲(chu)能后向內(nei)燃機(ji)提供(gong)啟動(dong)電(dian)(dian)源的裝置(zhi)。

傳(chuan)統蓄電(dian)池的工作原理及缺陷：2013年以內(nei)(nei)(nei)燃機為動(dong)力(li)的設備(bei)主要采用(yong)傳(chuan)統蓄電(dian)池作為啟動(dong)電(dian)源，由于(yu)傳(chuan)統蓄電(dian)池受使用(yong)壽(shou)命、存(cun)放時間、環境(jing)溫度等因素的限制，會(hui)導致儲(chu)量降低或(huo)內(nei)(nei)(nei)阻過大(da)(da)而(er)(er)失(shi)效(xiao)，從而(er)(er)無法實施啟動(dong)。同時，由于(yu)這些(xie)因素難以預測(ce)和控(kong)制，內(nei)(nei)(nei)燃機無法啟動(dong)的情(qing)況隨時可能發生而(er)(er)令人束手無策，特別是(shi)當用(yong)于(yu)消防(fang)、救災、軍事、通訊(xun)等用(yong)途的裝(zhuang)備(bei)或(huo)體積(ji)龐大(da)(da)的工程機械遇到(dao)這種情(qing)況時，可能會(hui)造成極為嚴重的后果。

傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)環境溫度(du)每降(jiang)低(di)10℃內阻約增(zeng)大15%，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)內阻超過正常值25%，該容量(liang)已降(jiang)低(di)到其(qi)(qi)標稱容量(liang)的(de)80%左(zuo)右，如(ru)果蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內阻超過正常值的(de)50%，該蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)已降(jiang)低(di)到其(qi)(qi)標稱容量(liang)的(de)80%以(yi)下。若(ruo)有新型的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)與傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)設計為并聯配置(zhi)的(de)話(hua)，就(jiu)可以(yi)瞬(shun)時釋(shi)放大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，從(cong)而解(jie)決因(yin)低(di)溫啟動設備困難問題，同時大大延(yan)長傳(chuan)統蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命(ming)。