蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(Storage Battery)是(shi)將化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)直(zhi)接轉化(hua)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)一種裝(zhuang)置，是(shi)按可再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設計的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通過可逆的(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應實現(xian)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常(chang)是(shi)指(zhi)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)一種，屬于二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。它的(de)工作原理：充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時利用外部的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)使內(nei)部活(huo)性(xing)物質再(zai)生(sheng)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)儲存(cun)為化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)，需(xu)要(yao)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時再(zai)次(ci)把(ba)化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)轉換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)輸出，比(bi)如生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。

方程式如下：

總反應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可(ke)逆符號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放電時：負(fu)Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正(zheng)PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰極PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極(ji)PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充(chong)電(dian)時(shi)陰極(ji)(ji)為(wei)放(fang)電(dian)時(shi)負極(ji)(ji)）

詳細>>

鉛酸(suan)蓄電池

常用的(de)車用蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池主要分為(wei)三類：普(pu)通蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池、干荷蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池和免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池。

普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)電池：普(pu)(pu)通(tong)蓄(xu)電池的極板是由鉛(qian)和鉛(qian)的氧(yang)化物構(gou)成(cheng)，電

解液(ye)是硫酸(suan)的(de)水溶液(ye)。它的(de)主要優點是電(dian)壓(ya)穩(wen)定、價格便宜；缺(que)點是比(bi)能低(即每(mei)公斤(jin)蓄電(dian)池存(cun)儲的(de)電(dian)能)、使用壽命短和日常維護頻繁。

干荷蓄電(dian)池：它(ta)(ta)的(de)全稱是干式荷電(dian)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池，它(ta)(ta)的(de)主要特點是負極(ji)板有(you)較高的(de)儲電(dian)能力，在完全干燥狀態(tai)下(xia)，能在兩(liang)年內保存所(suo)得到的(de)電(dian)量，使(shi)用(yong)時，只需加(jia)入電(dian)解液，等過20—30分(fen)鐘就可使(shi)用(yong)。

免(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄電池(chi)：免(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄電池(chi)由于(yu)自(zi)身結構(gou)上(shang)的優勢(shi)，電解液(ye)的消耗(hao)量非常小，在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)內(nei)基(ji)本不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)補充蒸餾水。它還具有耐震(zhen)、耐高溫(wen)、體(ti)積(ji)小、自(zi)放電小的特點(dian)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)一般(ban)為普通蓄電池(chi)的兩(liang)倍(bei)。市(shi)場上(shang)的免(mian)維(wei)(wei)護蓄電池(chi)也(ye)有兩(liang)種(zhong)：第(di)一種(zhong)在(zai)(zai)購買時一次性加(jia)電解液(ye)以后使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中不(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)維(wei)(wei)護(添加(jia)補充液(ye))；另一種(zhong)是(shi)電池(chi)本身出廠時就已經加(jia)好(hao)電解液(ye)并封死，用(yong)(yong)戶根本就不(bu)(bu)能加(jia)補充液(ye)。

UPS蓄電(dian)池

UPS 稱為(wei)(wei)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)(wei)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，它(ta)能快速轉(zhuan)換(huan)到"逆變(bian)"狀(zhuang)態，從而不(bu)會讓在使用(yong)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦因(yin)為(wei)(wei)突然(ran)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)未來(lai)得及(ji)存儲(chu)而失(shi)去重(zhong)要文(wen)件。 不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)來(lai)當備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)，如果你只是(shi)(shi)(shi)想在停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)可以(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，光(guang)買逆變(bian)器就夠了。 一般家(jia)用(yong)UPS里(li)用(yong)的(de)(de)大多是(shi)(shi)(shi)，免維護(hu)型鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。

詳(xiang)細>>

蓄電(dian)池壽命多久

老式(shi)普(pu)通蓄(xu)(xu)電池一般壽命在2年左右，而且需定(ding)期檢查電解液的高度并添加蒸餾水。免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電池的壽命則為(wei)3年左右。

影響蓄電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻的因素(su)

1、蓄(xu)電池使(shi)(shi)用的(de)(de)時(shi)間：隨著使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)間的(de)(de)增加(jia)，使(shi)(shi)電解(jie)液失水(shui)、極板與連接條(tiao)的(de)(de)腐蝕、極板的(de)(de)硫酸化、極板變形(xing)及活性物質的(de)(de)脫(tuo)落等因(yin)素，造成蓄(xu)電池容量(liang)減小，蓄(xu)電池內(nei)阻變大。

2、蓄電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)荷量：由于注入(ru)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)深度、電(dian)(dian)極(ji)表面反應物質的厚(hou)度、電(dian)(dian)極(ji)表面的孔隙率等不同(tong)，而(er)使蓄電(dian)(dian)池的內(nei)阻相差(cha)(cha)較大，從而(er)電(dian)(dian)荷量也相差(cha)(cha)較大。

3、溫度(du)：環境(jing)溫度(du)的(de)變化，例如上升(sheng)，這時反應物質的(de)擴散加快、電荷傳遞、電極(ji)動力學過程(cheng)和(he)物質轉移(yi)更容易進行，因而蓄(xu)電池內(nei)阻減小(xiao)。反之(zhi)，就會增加。

4、蓄(xu)電池(chi)的型號(hao)：不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)生產(chan)廠、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)種類、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)型號(hao)的蓄(xu)電池(chi)，由(you)于電極、電解(jie)液、隔膜的材料配方不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，電池(chi)的結構不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)、裝配工藝(yi)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)而使蓄(xu)電池(chi)內阻產(chan)生差異(yi)。

詳細>>

1、選(xuan)擇(ze)品牌的蓄電池

購買(mai)汽車蓄電池時，盡量買(mai)品牌的，質量有(you)保證。但是(shi)要注意(yi)，品牌的也(ye)有(you)假冒的，要去正規的汽配中心購買(mai)才(cai)行(xing)。

2、小心翻新的

有(you)的蓄電池(chi)看起(qi)來很新(xin)，很可(ke)能(neng)是(shi)翻新(xin)的，這就要看蓄電池(chi)的做工是(shi)否精細、外包裝是(shi)否嚴密等(deng)。

3、要有保質期

購買(mai)了汽車新蓄(xu)電(dian)池，要(yao)有一(yi)定的(de)保質期才行(xing)，這樣(yang)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池才能(neng)用住。不要(yao)使(shi)用一(yi)段時間后就虧(kui)電(dian)無法使(shi)用了。

4、注意(yi)蓄電池接口是(shi)否嶄新

蓄電(dian)池購(gou)(gou)買(mai)后，要仔細查(cha)看(kan)接口，是否嶄新，有(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)用過的痕跡(ji)，有(you)(you)的新蓄電(dian)池被用了(le)一段時間(jian)了(le)，不宜購(gou)(gou)買(mai)。

5、蓄電(dian)池要(yao)注意(yi)用電(dian)保護

購買的(de)新(xin)蓄電池，也要注意用電保(bao)護，不(bu)能(neng)熄火后還開著大燈(deng)，非常耗電的(de)。平常盡(jin)量少開收音(yin)機、燈(deng)光。

6、選擇(ze)適用的蓄電池(chi)類型和規格尺(chi)寸

蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)大過(guo)(guo)著過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)都(dou)對使用有(you)隱(yin)患(huan)，因(yin)此要(yao)選擇適合自(zi)己(ji)汽車的(de)蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，并根據電(dian)(dian)器(qi)耗電(dian)(dian)的(de)大小(xiao)和特點，購買適合電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。

詳細>>

1、恒定(ding)電(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)保(bao)持不(bu)(bu)變，叫(jiao)做恒(heng)(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)下(xia)(xia)降，為(wei)保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)致因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高而(er)減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)程必(bi)須逐(zhu)漸(jian)(jian)升高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)不(bu)(bu)變，這對(dui)于(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的自動化程度(du)要(yao)求較高，一(yi)般(ban)簡陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不(bu)(bu)能滿(man)足恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)求的。恒(heng)(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大答應的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)情況下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越(yue)大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)就可以縮(suo)短。若從時間(jian)上(shang)(shang)考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法(fa)有(you)利的。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)仍不(bu)(bu)變，這時由于(yu)大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)上(shang)(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)出氣泡(pao)過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)多而(er)顯沸騰狀(zhuang)，這不(bu)(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)且輕易使極(ji)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)活性物質(zhi)大量(liang)脫落，溫升過(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)高，造成極(ji)板(ban)彎(wan)曲，容量(liang)迅速下(xia)(xia)降而(er)提前報(bao)廢。所以，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)很少采(cai)用(yong)。

2、恒定(ding)電壓充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持不變，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于(yu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保(bao)持一(yi)定(ding)，所以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超(chao)過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。但(dan)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸減小(xiao)。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至最小(xiao)甚至為(wei)(wei)零。由此可見，采用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在于(yu)，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大(da)而(er)造成極(ji)(ji)板(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)脫(tuo)落和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。但(dan)其(qi)缺點是，在剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)體積變化收(shou)縮太快，影(ying)響活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械強度(du)，致使(shi)(shi)其(qi)脫(tuo)落。而(er)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過(guo)小(xiao)，使(shi)(shi)極(ji)(ji)板(ban)深處的(de)(de)(de)(de)活性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)(zhi)得不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影(ying)響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命。所以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)一(yi)般只適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)無配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較(jiao)簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車(che)上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采用(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給(gei)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每(mei)(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)2.4～2.8V左(zuo)右(you)，堿性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每(mei)(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)1.6～2.0V左(zuo)右(you)。

3、有固定電阻的恒(heng)定電壓充電

為補(bu)救恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點而采用的一種(zhong)方法(fa)。即(ji)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間(jian)串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以調整。但有(you)時最大(da)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到限制，因此隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行(xing)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎成為直線衰減。有(you)時使用兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減少出氣。

4、階(jie)段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)法的特(te)點，蓄電(dian)池在充電(dian)初期(qi)用(yong)較大的電(dian)流(liu)，經過一段時間改用(yong)較小的電(dian)流(liu)，至(zhi)充電(dian)后期(qi)改用(yong)更小的電(dian)流(liu)，即不(bu)同階(jie)段內以不(bu)同的電(dian)流(liu)進(jin)行(xing)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)的方法，叫(jiao)做階(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)法。階(jie)段恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)法，一般可分為兩(liang)個階(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)，也可分為多(duo)個階(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)。

階(jie)段(duan)等(deng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法所需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)短，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也(ye)好。由于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣減少了氣泡對極板(ban)活性(xing)(xing)物質的(de)沖洗，減少了活性(xing)(xing)物質的(de)脫落。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命，并節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以(yi)(yi)是(shi)當(dang)前(qian)常用的(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一般(ban)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一階(jie)段(duan)以(yi)(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段(duan)以(yi)(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階(jie)段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)的(de)是(shi)非(fei)，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)具體(ti)要(yao)求和標(biao)準不一樣。

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1、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池長久不(bu)用，它會(hui)慢(man)(man)慢(man)(man)自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)至(zhi)報廢。因(yin)此，每隔一(yi)(yi)定時間就(jiu)應啟動一(yi)(yi)次汽車，給蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。另一(yi)(yi)個(ge)辦法就(jiu)是將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池上(shang)的兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)拔下來，需(xu)注(zhu)意(yi)的是從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)柱(zhu)上(shang)拔下正、負(fu)兩(liang)根電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)，要先(xian)拔下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)，或卸(xie)下負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和汽車底盤的連接(jie)。然后(hou)再拔去帶有(you)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)標志（+）的另一(yi)(yi)端，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有(you)一(yi)(yi)定的使用壽命，到一(yi)(yi)定的時期就(jiu)要更換(huan)。在更換(huan)時同樣(yang)要遵循上(shang)述次序，不(bu)過在把電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)接(jie)上(shang)去時，次序則恰恰相反，先(xian)接(jie)正極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，然后(hou)再接(jie)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。

2、當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)表(biao)指針顯示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，要及時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)可以在儀表(biao)板上反(fan)映出來。有(you)時(shi)在路途中發現電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不夠了，發動(dong)機又熄火啟動(dong)不了，作為(wei)臨時(shi)措(cuo)施，可以向其(qi)他的車(che)(che)輛求(qiu)助，用它們車(che)(che)輛上的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來發動(dong)車(che)(che)輛，將兩個蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)極(ji)和負(fu)極(ji)相(xiang)連，正(zheng)極(ji)和正(zheng)極(ji)相(xiang)連。

3、電解(jie)液的(de)密(mi)度應按照不同的(de)地(di)區、不同的(de)季節(jie)按照標準進(jin)行相應的(de)調整。

4、在(zai)虧電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)時應補充蒸餾水或專用(yong)補液(ye)(ye)。切忌用(yong)飲用(yong)純凈(jing)水代(dai)替。因為(wei)純凈(jing)水中(zhong)含有多種微量元素，對(dui)蓄電(dian)池會(hui)造成不良(liang)影響。

5、在啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)汽車時，不間斷地使用啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)機會(hui)導(dao)致蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)因(yin)過度放(fang)電(dian)(dian)而損壞。正確(que)的使用辦法是每次發(fa)動(dong)(dong)車的時間總長不超過5秒(miao)，再(zai)次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)間隔(ge)時間不少于15秒(miao)。在多次啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)仍不著車的情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)應從(cong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、點火線圈(quan)或油路(lu)等其他方面找原因(yin)。

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1、脈(mo)沖修復(fu)法

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)消(xiao)除硫化比(bi)較好的(de)(de)方(fang)法就是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)修(xiu)復法。在修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)一般(ban)根據產(chan)品所體現(xian)的(de)(de)功能需(xu)要，采(cai)(cai)取的(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)60V—300V之間(jian)(jian)，如用(yong)于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)延壽的(de)(de)產(chan)品脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就不益過大，專門(men)由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復產(chan)品的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就可以偏大（如果脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)太(tai)大對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板會造(zao)成損傷），脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復時(shi)間(jian)(jian)短，脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復時(shi)間(jian)(jian)相對(dui)(dui)就長(chang)，盡管脈(mo)(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)瞬(shun)間(jian)(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很高(gao)，但平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)并不高(gao)，對(dui)(dui)人體沒(mei)有傷害，十分安全。

市場(chang)上(shang)(shang)有(you)專門的(de)(de)脈沖發生(sheng)器(qi)銷售，但要注意選擇效果(guo)好的(de)(de)一種。脈沖與(yu)蓄電(dian)池極板(ban)的(de)(de)諧振很(hen)重要，這(zhe)就(jiu)取決與(yu)脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)大(da)小、幅(fu)度寬窄，脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)和(he)幅(fu)度不夠就(jiu)達不到消除(chu)硫(liu)酸結(jie)晶的(de)(de)效果(guo)，頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)和(he)幅(fu)度太大(da)則會出現消除(chu)了(le)硫(liu)化而損傷(shang)了(le)電(dian)極板(ban)，并(bing)出現析(xi)氣(qi)現象；同時，脈沖波形也有(you)很(hen)多種，在示波器(qi)上(shang)(shang)可以(yi)顯示。

2、強電修復(fu)法

強電(dian)(dian)修復法(fa)就是采(cai)取充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時的持久(jiu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓或大(da)電(dian)(dian)流修復蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的方法(fa)，多(duo)在脈沖修復法(fa)效果不明顯時采(cai)用。其一(yi)、高(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓修復法(fa)：這種方法(fa)主要是采(cai)取電(dian)(dian)池(chi)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓修復電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如36V蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不變或接(jie)近的條件下，采(cai)用48V的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)器進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間要掌握分寸，不易過長，否則電(dian)(dian)池(chi)會因析氣發熱(re)。

3、全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放電(dian)修(xiu)復法

全充(chong)(chong)全放(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復法就是對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)采取完全充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)后，再完全的放(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的方法。全充(chong)(chong)全放(fang)電(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復法主要是對輕度損傷的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)具(ju)有一定的修(xiu)復作用，同時(shi)此方法還可以有效的激活電(dian)(dian)瓶深層的活性物質，提(ti)高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量。

4、補水修復法

對蓄(xu)電池“失水(shui)”采取(qu)補水(shui)的方法便可(ke)修復，其目(mu)的是稀釋濃(nong)度(du)提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水(shui)方法上(shang)較為簡單，只用打開(kai)蓄(xu)電池上(shang)蓋，可(ke)以看見有六(liu)個圓孔(kong)，向每個圓孔(kong)注射一定量的蒸餾水(shui)，再浸泡24小時以上(shang)就(jiu)可(ke)以了。

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