蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(Storage Battery)是(shi)(shi)將化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)直接轉(zhuan)化(hua)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)一種裝置，是(shi)(shi)按可再(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)設計的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，通過可逆的(de)化(hua)學(xue)反應實(shi)現(xian)再(zai)(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)指(zhi)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池中(zhong)的(de)一種，屬于二(er)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。它(ta)的(de)工作原理：充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時利(li)用外部的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)使內部活性物質再(zai)(zai)生，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)儲存為化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，需要放電(dian)(dian)(dian)時再(zai)(zai)次把化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)輸出，比如生活中(zhong)常(chang)用的(de)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池等(deng)。

方程式如下：

總反(fan)應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符(fu)號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放電時：負Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總(zong)Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰極PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充電(dian)時陰極(ji)為放電(dian)時負極(ji)）

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鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)池

常用的車(che)用蓄電(dian)池(chi)主要分為三類：普(pu)通蓄電(dian)池(chi)、干荷蓄電(dian)池(chi)和(he)免維護(hu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)。

普通蓄電池：普通蓄電池的極(ji)板(ban)是由(you)鉛(qian)和鉛(qian)的氧化物構(gou)成，電

解液(ye)是硫酸的(de)(de)水溶液(ye)。它的(de)(de)主要優點是電壓穩定(ding)、價格便宜(yi)；缺(que)點是比能低(di)(即每公(gong)斤(jin)蓄電池存儲的(de)(de)電能)、使用(yong)壽(shou)命短和日(ri)常維(wei)護頻繁。

干荷蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池：它(ta)的(de)全(quan)稱是(shi)(shi)干式荷電(dian)(dian)鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池，它(ta)的(de)主(zhu)要特點是(shi)(shi)負極板有較高的(de)儲電(dian)(dian)能(neng)力，在完全(quan)干燥狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，能(neng)在兩年內保存所得到的(de)電(dian)(dian)量，使用時(shi)，只需加入(ru)電(dian)(dian)解液，等過20—30分鐘(zhong)就可使用。

免維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)：免維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)由于(yu)自身結(jie)構上(shang)的(de)優(you)勢，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液的(de)消耗量非常(chang)小(xiao)，在(zai)使用壽(shou)命(ming)內基(ji)本不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)補(bu)充蒸餾水。它還具(ju)有(you)耐震(zhen)、耐高溫、體積小(xiao)、自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)小(xiao)的(de)特(te)點(dian)。使用壽(shou)命(ming)一(yi)般為普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)兩(liang)倍。市場(chang)上(shang)的(de)免維(wei)護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)也有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)：第一(yi)種(zhong)在(zai)購買時(shi)一(yi)次性加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液以后使用中(zhong)不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)維(wei)護(添加(jia)補(bu)充液)；另一(yi)種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)本身出廠時(shi)就已經加(jia)好電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液并封(feng)死，用戶根本就不(bu)能加(jia)補(bu)充液。

UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱(cheng)為(wei)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，是因為(wei)停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)的時候(hou)，它能快速轉換到"逆變"狀態，從而不(bu)會(hui)讓在使用(yong)中的電(dian)(dian)腦因為(wei)突(tu)然停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)未來得及(ji)存(cun)儲(chu)而失(shi)去(qu)重要文件。 不(bu)是用(yong)來當備(bei)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)的，如果你只是想在停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)的時候(hou)可(ke)以用(yong)電(dian)(dian)，光買逆變器就夠(gou)了。 一般(ban)家(jia)用(yong)UPS里用(yong)的大多是，免維護型(xing)鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)池。

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蓄(xu)電(dian)池壽命(ming)多久

老(lao)式(shi)普通蓄電(dian)池一般壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)2年左右，而且需定期檢查電(dian)解液的高度并添加蒸餾(liu)水(shui)。免維護蓄電(dian)池的壽(shou)命(ming)則為3年左右。

影(ying)響(xiang)蓄電池內阻(zu)的(de)因素

1、蓄電(dian)池使用的(de)時間：隨(sui)著使用時間的(de)增加，使電(dian)解液失(shi)水、極(ji)板與連接條的(de)腐蝕、極(ji)板的(de)硫酸化(hua)、極(ji)板變形及活(huo)性物質的(de)脫落等因素，造成蓄電(dian)池容量減(jian)小(xiao)，蓄電(dian)池內阻(zu)變大(da)。

2、蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)荷量：由于(yu)注入蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)電(dian)解液深(shen)度、電(dian)極表面反應物質的(de)厚度、電(dian)極表面的(de)孔隙率等不同，而(er)使蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)內阻(zu)相差較大，從而(er)電(dian)荷量也(ye)相差較大。

3、溫度(du)：環境溫度(du)的變化，例如上升(sheng)，這(zhe)時反(fan)應物質的擴散(san)加快(kuai)、電荷傳遞、電極動力學過程(cheng)和物質轉移更容(rong)易(yi)進行，因(yin)而蓄電池內阻減小。反(fan)之，就會增加。

4、蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的(de)型(xing)號(hao)：不(bu)同(tong)(tong)生產(chan)廠、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類、不(bu)同(tong)(tong)型(xing)號(hao)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)，由于電極、電解液、隔膜的(de)材料配(pei)方(fang)不(bu)同(tong)(tong)，電池(chi)的(de)結構不(bu)同(tong)(tong)、裝配(pei)工(gong)藝不(bu)同(tong)(tong)而使蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)內阻產(chan)生差異。

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1、選擇(ze)品(pin)牌的蓄電(dian)池

購買汽車蓄(xu)電池時(shi)，盡量(liang)買品牌(pai)的，質量(liang)有保證(zheng)。但是要注意，品牌(pai)的也有假冒的，要去正規的汽配中心購買才(cai)行。

2、小(xiao)心(xin)翻新(xin)的

有(you)的蓄電池看(kan)起來很新(xin)，很可能是翻(fan)新(xin)的，這就要看(kan)蓄電池的做工是否(fou)精(jing)細、外包裝是否(fou)嚴密等。

3、要(yao)有保質期

購買了(le)汽車新蓄電(dian)池(chi)，要(yao)有一(yi)定的保(bao)質期才(cai)行，這樣的蓄電(dian)池(chi)才(cai)能用(yong)住(zhu)。不(bu)要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)一(yi)段時(shi)間后就虧電(dian)無法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)了(le)。

4、注意(yi)蓄電池(chi)接口是否嶄新

蓄電(dian)(dian)池購(gou)買后，要仔細查(cha)看接口，是否嶄新，有(you)沒有(you)用(yong)過的痕(hen)跡，有(you)的新蓄電(dian)(dian)池被(bei)用(yong)了一段時間了，不(bu)宜(yi)購(gou)買。

5、蓄電(dian)池要(yao)注意(yi)用(yong)電(dian)保護

購買的(de)新蓄電池，也要注意用(yong)電保護，不能熄火后(hou)還開著(zhu)大燈，非常耗電的(de)。平常盡(jin)量(liang)少(shao)開收(shou)音機、燈光。

6、選(xuan)擇適用的蓄電(dian)池類型和(he)規格尺(chi)寸

蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電池(chi)過大(da)過著過小都(dou)對使用有隱患，因此要選擇適合自己(ji)汽車的(de)(de)蓄(xu)蓄(xu)電池(chi)，并根據電器耗(hao)電的(de)(de)大(da)小和特點，購(gou)買適合電器的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電池(chi)。

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1、恒(heng)定電(dian)流充電(dian)法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)始(shi)終(zhong)保持不(bu)變(bian)，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡(jian)(jian)稱恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下降(jiang)，為保持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)不(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)而(er)(er)減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程必須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)始(shi)終(zhong)不(bu)變(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備的自動(dong)化程度要(yao)(yao)求較高(gao)(gao)，一般簡(jian)(jian)陋的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備是不(bu)能滿足(zu)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)(yao)求的。恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最(zui)大答(da)應的充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)情況(kuang)下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)越(yue)大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間就可以縮短。若(ruo)從時(shi)間上(shang)(shang)考慮，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)此法有利的。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)仍不(bu)變(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)由于大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)用(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過多而(er)(er)顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)(er)且(qie)輕易(yi)使極板上(shang)(shang)活性物質大量脫(tuo)落，溫升(sheng)過高(gao)(gao)，造成極板彎曲，容量迅(xun)速下降(jiang)而(er)(er)提前報廢。所以，這(zhe)(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很少采(cai)用(yong)(yong)。

2、恒定電壓(ya)充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)不變，叫(jiao)做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)一定，所以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。但(dan)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)(jian)減小。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至最小甚至為零。由此可(ke)見，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)恒壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)點在(zai)于，可(ke)以(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)而(er)造成(cheng)極板活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質脫(tuo)落(luo)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。但(dan)其缺(que)點是，在(zai)剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質體積(ji)變化收縮太快，影響活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)械強(qiang)度，致使(shi)(shi)其脫(tuo)落(luo)。而(er)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過小，使(shi)(shi)極板深處的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質得不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命。所以(yi)這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)一般只適用(yong)于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)場(chang)合(he)，如汽車上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池式的(de)(de)(de)(de)小蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)(cai)用(yong)等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)等壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池每(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為2.4～2.8V左右(you)，堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池每(mei)個單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池為1.6～2.0V左右(you)。

3、有(you)固(gu)定(ding)電阻的恒(heng)定(ding)電壓充電

為補(bu)救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺點(dian)而采用的(de)一種方法。即在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，這樣充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以調(diao)整。但有(you)時最大充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到限制，因此(ci)隨充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎成為直線(xian)衰減(jian)。有(you)時使用兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)值，約在2.4V時，從(cong)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，以減(jian)少出(chu)氣(qi)。

4、階段等流充(chong)電法

綜合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)和(he)恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)特(te)點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充電(dian)(dian)初期(qi)用較(jiao)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過一段(duan)時(shi)間(jian)改(gai)用較(jiao)小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至充電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)改(gai)用更(geng)小的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即不(bu)同階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)內以不(bu)同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行(xing)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，一般可分為(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)進行(xing)，也可分為(wei)多個階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)進行(xing)。

階(jie)段等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)所(suo)需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也(ye)好(hao)。由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減(jian)少了氣泡對(dui)極板活性物質的(de)沖(chong)洗(xi)，減(jian)少了活性物質的(de)脫落(luo)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)能(neng)延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)，并節(jie)省(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底(di)，所(suo)以是當前常(chang)用的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一(yi)(yi)般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)第一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二(er)階(jie)段以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進(jin)(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)是非，各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)具體要求和標準不一(yi)(yi)樣。

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1、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池長久(jiu)不(bu)用，它會慢(man)慢(man)自(zi)行放電(dian)(dian)，直至報廢。因此，每隔一(yi)定時間就應啟動一(yi)次汽(qi)車(che)，給蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)。另(ling)一(yi)個(ge)辦法就是(shi)將蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池上(shang)的(de)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)來，需注(zhu)意的(de)是(shi)從電(dian)(dian)極柱上(shang)拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)正(zheng)、負(fu)(fu)兩根電(dian)(dian)極線，要(yao)先拔(ba)(ba)下(xia)負(fu)(fu)極線，或卸下(xia)負(fu)(fu)極和汽(qi)車(che)底盤的(de)連接。然后再(zai)拔(ba)(ba)去帶有正(zheng)極標志（+）的(de)另(ling)一(yi)端(duan)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池有一(yi)定的(de)使用壽命，到一(yi)定的(de)時期就要(yao)更(geng)(geng)換。在(zai)更(geng)(geng)換時同樣要(yao)遵循(xun)上(shang)述次序，不(bu)過在(zai)把電(dian)(dian)極線接上(shang)去時，次序則恰(qia)恰(qia)相反(fan)，先接正(zheng)極，然后再(zai)接負(fu)(fu)極。

2、當電(dian)(dian)流表(biao)指(zhi)針(zhen)顯示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時，要(yao)及時充電(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)可以(yi)在儀表(biao)板上反映出來。有時在路途中發(fa)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)不夠了(le)(le)，發(fa)動機(ji)又熄(xi)火啟(qi)動不了(le)(le)，作為臨時措(cuo)施，可以(yi)向(xiang)其他的車(che)輛求助，用它們車(che)輛上的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)來發(fa)動車(che)輛，將(jiang)兩個蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的負極和負極相(xiang)連，正極和正極相(xiang)連。

3、電(dian)解液的密度應(ying)按照不(bu)同的地(di)區、不(bu)同的季節按照標準進(jin)行相(xiang)應(ying)的調(diao)整。

4、在虧電(dian)解液(ye)(ye)時應補充蒸餾水或專用補液(ye)(ye)。切忌用飲用純(chun)凈水代(dai)替。因為(wei)純(chun)凈水中含有多(duo)種(zhong)微量元素，對蓄電(dian)池會造成不良影(ying)響(xiang)。

5、在(zai)啟(qi)動汽車時，不間(jian)斷地使(shi)用(yong)啟(qi)動機會導致蓄電(dian)池因(yin)過(guo)度放電(dian)而損壞。正確的(de)使(shi)用(yong)辦法是(shi)每次發(fa)動車的(de)時間(jian)總長(chang)不超(chao)過(guo)5秒，再(zai)次啟(qi)動間(jian)隔時間(jian)不少于15秒。在(zai)多(duo)次啟(qi)動仍不著車的(de)情況(kuang)下應(ying)從電(dian)路(lu)、點(dian)火線圈或油路(lu)等其他方面找原(yuan)因(yin)。

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1、脈沖修復法

蓄(xu)電(dian)池消除硫化(hua)比較(jiao)好的方(fang)法(fa)就(jiu)是采用脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)修復法(fa)。在修復蓄(xu)電(dian)池時(shi)(shi)，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)一般根(gen)據產品所體現(xian)的功能需要，采取的瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)為60V—300V之間(jian)，如用于蓄(xu)電(dian)池延(yan)壽的產品脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)不益過大(da)，專門由(you)于蓄(xu)電(dian)池修復產品的脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)就(jiu)可(ke)以偏(pian)大(da)（如果脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)(zhi)太大(da)對電(dian)池極板會造成損傷），脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)高，蓄(xu)電(dian)池修復時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短(duan)，脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)低，蓄(xu)電(dian)池修復時(shi)(shi)間(jian)相對就(jiu)長，盡管脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)很高，但平均電(dian)壓(ya)并不高，對人體沒有(you)傷害，十分安全。

市場上有(you)專(zhuan)門的(de)脈(mo)沖發生(sheng)器(qi)銷售，但(dan)要注意選擇效果(guo)好的(de)一種(zhong)。脈(mo)沖與蓄電池極板的(de)諧振(zhen)很重要，這(zhe)就(jiu)取(qu)決與脈(mo)沖頻率(lv)大(da)小、幅(fu)(fu)度寬窄，脈(mo)沖頻率(lv)和幅(fu)(fu)度不夠(gou)就(jiu)達(da)不到消除硫酸結晶的(de)效果(guo)，頻率(lv)和幅(fu)(fu)度太大(da)則會出現(xian)消除了(le)硫化(hua)而損傷了(le)電極板，并出現(xian)析氣現(xian)象；同時，脈(mo)沖波形也(ye)有(you)很多種(zhong)，在示波器(qi)上可以顯示。

2、強電(dian)修復法

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)就(jiu)是采取充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)(de)(de)持(chi)久高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)，多(duo)在脈沖修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)效果不明顯時采用。其(qi)一、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)(fa)：這種方法(fa)(fa)主要是采取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)(de)1.3-1.5倍的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，如(ru)36V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不變或接近的(de)(de)(de)條件下，采用48V的(de)(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間要掌握分(fen)寸(cun)，不易過長，否(fou)則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池會因析氣(qi)發(fa)熱(re)。

3、全充(chong)全放電修復(fu)法

全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)就是(shi)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)采取(qu)完(wan)全(quan)(quan)充滿電(dian)后，再完(wan)全(quan)(quan)的(de)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)。全(quan)(quan)充全(quan)(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)主要是(shi)對輕度損傷的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)具有一定的(de)修(xiu)復作(zuo)用，同(tong)時此方(fang)法(fa)還(huan)可(ke)以有效的(de)激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)瓶深(shen)層的(de)活(huo)性物質，提(ti)高蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)。

4、補(bu)水修復法

對蓄電池“失水”采取補水的(de)方法(fa)便可(ke)修復，其目的(de)是稀釋濃度(du)提高(gao)的(de)硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法(fa)上較為(wei)簡單，只用(yong)打(da)開蓄電池上蓋，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看(kan)見有六個(ge)圓(yuan)孔，向每個(ge)圓(yuan)孔注射一定量的(de)蒸餾水，再浸泡24小時以(yi)(yi)上就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)了。

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