蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(Storage Battery)是將化學(xue)能直接轉化成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)一(yi)種裝(zhuang)置，是按可(ke)再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設計的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通過(guo)可(ke)逆的(de)化學(xue)反應實現再(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，通常是指(zhi)鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，它(ta)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)種，屬于二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。它(ta)的(de)工(gong)作原理：充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時利用外部(bu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能使(shi)內部(bu)活性(xing)物質再(zai)生，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)能儲存為(wei)化學(xue)能，需要放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時再(zai)次把化學(xue)能轉換(huan)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸出，比(bi)如生活中(zhong)常用的(de)手機電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等。

方程式如下：

總反應：b(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)可逆符號2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

放電時：負Pb(s)-2e-+SO42-(aq)=PbSO4(s)

正PbO2(s)+2e-+SO42-(aq)+4H+(aq)=PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

總Pb(s)+PbO2(s)+2H2SO4(aq)=2PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)

充電電解池

陰極(ji)PbSO4(s)+2e-=Pb(s)+SO42-(aq)

陽極PbSO4(s)+2H2O(l)-2e-=Pbo2(s)+SO42-(aq)+4H+(a

注（充電(dian)時陰極為放電(dian)時負極）

詳細>>

鉛酸蓄電池

常用的車用蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)主要分為三類：普通蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)、干荷(he)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)和免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)。

普通蓄電池：普通蓄電池的極(ji)板是由鉛(qian)和鉛(qian)的氧(yang)化物構(gou)成，電

解(jie)液是硫酸(suan)的(de)(de)水溶液。它的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)優點是電壓穩(wen)定(ding)、價(jia)格便宜；缺點是比(bi)能低(即(ji)每(mei)公斤蓄電池存儲的(de)(de)電能)、使用壽命短和日常維(wei)護(hu)頻繁。

干荷(he)蓄電(dian)池(chi)：它的全稱是干式(shi)荷(he)電(dian)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)池(chi)，它的主要特點是負極板有較(jiao)高的儲電(dian)能力，在完全干燥狀態下(xia)，能在兩年內(nei)保(bao)存(cun)所(suo)得到的電(dian)量，使用時，只需加入電(dian)解液，等(deng)過20—30分鐘就(jiu)可使用。

免(mian)維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)：免(mian)維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)由于自(zi)(zi)身結(jie)構上的(de)(de)優勢，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的(de)(de)消耗量非常小，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)內基(ji)本(ben)不需要(yao)補充(chong)蒸餾水。它還(huan)具有耐震、耐高溫、體(ti)積小、自(zi)(zi)放電(dian)(dian)小的(de)(de)特點(dian)。使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)一般為普通蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)兩倍。市(shi)場上的(de)(de)免(mian)維護蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)也有兩種：第一種在(zai)購買時一次性加(jia)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)以后使(shi)用(yong)中不需要(yao)維護(添(tian)加(jia)補充(chong)液(ye))；另一種是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)本(ben)身出廠時就(jiu)已經加(jia)好電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)并封(feng)死，用(yong)戶根本(ben)就(jiu)不能加(jia)補充(chong)液(ye)。

UPS蓄電池

UPS 稱為(wei)不(bu)間斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，是因為(wei)停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時候，它能(neng)快速轉換到(dao)"逆(ni)變"狀態，從而(er)不(bu)會(hui)讓在使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)腦因為(wei)突然停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)未(wei)來得(de)及(ji)存儲而(er)失去重要(yao)文件。 不(bu)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)來當備用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)，如果你(ni)只是想(xiang)在停(ting)(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時候可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，光買逆(ni)變器就夠了(le)。 一般家用(yong)(yong)(yong)UPS里(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)大多是，免維(wei)護(hu)型鉛酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

詳(xiang)細>>

蓄電池壽命多久

老式普通蓄電(dian)池一般壽命在2年左右，而且(qie)需定期檢查電(dian)解液的高度并添(tian)加(jia)蒸餾水。免維護蓄電(dian)池的壽命則為3年左右。

影響(xiang)蓄電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)阻的因素

1、蓄電池(chi)使用的(de)時間：隨(sui)著使用時間的(de)增加，使電解(jie)液失水、極板與連(lian)接條的(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)、極板的(de)硫酸化、極板變形及活性物質的(de)脫落等因素(su)，造成蓄電池(chi)容(rong)量減小，蓄電池(chi)內(nei)阻變大。

2、蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)荷(he)量：由(you)于注入(ru)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)解液(ye)深度、電(dian)極表面(mian)反應物(wu)質的(de)厚度、電(dian)極表面(mian)的(de)孔(kong)隙率(lv)等(deng)不(bu)同，而使蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)內阻相(xiang)差(cha)較(jiao)大，從(cong)而電(dian)荷(he)量也相(xiang)差(cha)較(jiao)大。

3、溫度：環境(jing)溫度的變化，例如上(shang)升，這(zhe)時(shi)反(fan)(fan)應物(wu)質(zhi)的擴散加快、電(dian)荷傳(chuan)遞、電(dian)極動(dong)力學過程(cheng)和物(wu)質(zhi)轉移更容易(yi)進行，因而蓄(xu)電(dian)池內阻減(jian)小(xiao)。反(fan)(fan)之(zhi)，就會增加。

4、蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)型號(hao)：不(bu)同(tong)生(sheng)產廠、不(bu)同(tong)種類、不(bu)同(tong)型號(hao)的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)池，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)極、電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)、隔膜的(de)材料配方不(bu)同(tong)，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)結(jie)構不(bu)同(tong)、裝配工藝不(bu)同(tong)而使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池內阻產生(sheng)差(cha)異。

詳細(xi)>>

1、選擇品牌的蓄(xu)電池

購(gou)買(mai)汽車(che)蓄電池時，盡(jin)量(liang)買(mai)品牌的(de)，質量(liang)有保證(zheng)。但是要(yao)(yao)注意(yi)，品牌的(de)也有假冒的(de)，要(yao)(yao)去正(zheng)規的(de)汽配中(zhong)心購(gou)買(mai)才行(xing)。

2、小(xiao)心翻新的

有的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池看起(qi)來(lai)很新，很可能是翻新的(de)，這就要看蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)做工是否(fou)(fou)精細、外包裝是否(fou)(fou)嚴(yan)密等。

3、要(yao)有保質期(qi)

購買了(le)汽車新(xin)蓄電(dian)池，要(yao)有一定(ding)的(de)保質期才行，這(zhe)樣的(de)蓄電(dian)池才能用住。不要(yao)使(shi)用一段時間后就虧電(dian)無法使(shi)用了(le)。

4、注意蓄電池接(jie)口是否(fou)嶄新

蓄電(dian)池購買(mai)后，要仔(zi)細查看(kan)接(jie)口，是(shi)否嶄新(xin)，有(you)(you)沒有(you)(you)用(yong)過(guo)的(de)痕跡(ji)，有(you)(you)的(de)新(xin)蓄電(dian)池被用(yong)了(le)一段時間了(le)，不宜購買(mai)。

5、蓄電(dian)池要注意用電(dian)保(bao)護

購買(mai)的新蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)，也要注意用電(dian)保護，不能熄火后還開(kai)(kai)著大燈，非常(chang)耗電(dian)的。平(ping)常(chang)盡量(liang)少(shao)開(kai)(kai)收音(yin)機(ji)、燈光。

6、選擇(ze)適用(yong)的蓄電池類(lei)型(xing)和規格尺寸

蓄蓄電(dian)池(chi)過大過著(zhu)過小(xiao)(xiao)都對使用(yong)有隱(yin)患，因此要(yao)選擇適合自己汽車的蓄蓄電(dian)池(chi)，并根據電(dian)器耗電(dian)的大小(xiao)(xiao)和特點，購(gou)買適合電(dian)器的蓄電(dian)池(chi)。

詳(xiang)細>>

1、恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終保持(chi)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫(jiao)做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)由于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸下(xia)降(jiang)，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升高(gao)而減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)必(bi)須逐(zhu)漸升高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)對于(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的(de)(de)自動化(hua)程(cheng)度要求(qiu)較高(gao)，一般簡陋(lou)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)是不(bu)能(neng)滿足(zu)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)。恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大(da)答應的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越(yue)大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間就可以縮短(duan)。若(ruo)從(cong)時(shi)(shi)間上(shang)考(kao)慮，采用此(ci)法(fa)有利的(de)(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多(duo)而顯(xian)沸騰狀(zhuang)，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)不(bu)僅(jin)消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，而且輕易(yi)使極板上(shang)活性物質大(da)量(liang)脫(tuo)落，溫升過(guo)高(gao)，造成極板彎曲，容(rong)量(liang)迅速下(xia)降(jiang)而提(ti)前(qian)報廢。所以，這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少采用。

2、恒定電壓充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)不變(bian)，叫做恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)至(zhi)后期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)終保持(chi)一定，所以(yi)(yi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)相當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超(chao)過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行(xing)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸減(jian)小(xiao)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)至(zhi)最小(xiao)甚(shen)至(zhi)為(wei)零。由此可(ke)見，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在于，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)而造成極(ji)板活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)損失。但其缺點(dian)是(shi)，在剛開始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質體積變(bian)化收縮太快，影響(xiang)(xiang)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)機械強度，致使(shi)(shi)其脫落。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)又過(guo)小(xiao)，使(shi)(shi)極(ji)板深處的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)性(xing)物(wu)質得不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)，影響(xiang)(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽命。所以(yi)(yi)這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法一般只適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于無配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽(qi)車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右(you)，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個(ge)單(dan)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右(you)。

3、有固定電(dian)阻的(de)恒定電(dian)壓充電(dian)

為(wei)補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺(que)點而采用的(de)一(yi)種方法。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間串聯(lian)一(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以(yi)調整。但有時(shi)最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到限制，因此(ci)隨充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行(xing)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎成為(wei)直線衰減。有時(shi)使用兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約(yue)在2.4V時(shi)，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)減少出氣。

4、階段等(deng)流充電法

綜合恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)和恒(heng)(heng)壓充電(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)特點，蓄電(dian)池在充電(dian)初期用(yong)較大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)，經過(guo)一(yi)(yi)段(duan)(duan)時間改(gai)用(yong)較小的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)，至充電(dian)后期改(gai)用(yong)更小的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)內以不同的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)進行恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)充電(dian)法(fa)，一(yi)(yi)般可分(fen)為(wei)兩個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行，也可分(fen)為(wei)多(duo)個(ge)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)進行。

階(jie)(jie)(jie)段等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法所(suo)需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)短(duan)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)效果也好。由(you)于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后期改用較(jiao)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣減(jian)少了(le)氣泡對極板活(huo)性物質的(de)(de)沖(chong)洗，減(jian)少了(le)活(huo)性物質的(de)(de)脫落。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法能(neng)延長(chang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用壽命，并節省電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所(suo)以是當前(qian)常用的(de)(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法。一般(ban)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一階(jie)(jie)(jie)段以10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段以20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)是非，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)要求和標準(zhun)不一樣。

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1、蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)長久不(bu)用，它會慢(man)慢(man)自行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)至報(bao)廢。因此，每隔一(yi)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)間就應啟動一(yi)次汽車，給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。另一(yi)個辦法就是(shi)(shi)將蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang)的(de)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)拔(ba)下(xia)來(lai)，需注意(yi)的(de)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)柱上(shang)拔(ba)下(xia)正、負(fu)兩根電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線，要先拔(ba)下(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)線，或卸下(xia)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)和汽車底盤的(de)連接。然(ran)后再拔(ba)去(qu)帶有(you)正極(ji)(ji)標(biao)志（+）的(de)另一(yi)端，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)使用壽命，到一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)時(shi)期就要更換。在(zai)更換時(shi)同樣要遵(zun)循上(shang)述次序，不(bu)過在(zai)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)線接上(shang)去(qu)時(shi)，次序則恰(qia)恰(qia)相反，先接正極(ji)(ji)，然(ran)后再接負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

2、當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流表指針顯示蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，要及時(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)可(ke)以在(zai)儀表板(ban)上反映出來。有時(shi)在(zai)路途中(zhong)發現電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不夠(gou)了，發動機又熄火(huo)啟動不了，作為臨時(shi)措施，可(ke)以向(xiang)其(qi)他的(de)車輛(liang)(liang)求助(zhu)，用它們(men)車輛(liang)(liang)上的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)來發動車輛(liang)(liang)，將兩個蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)負(fu)極和(he)負(fu)極相(xiang)連(lian)，正極和(he)正極相(xiang)連(lian)。

3、電解液的(de)密度應按照不(bu)同(tong)的(de)地區、不(bu)同(tong)的(de)季(ji)節按照標準(zhun)進(jin)行相應的(de)調整。

4、在虧電(dian)解液時應補(bu)充蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水或(huo)專用(yong)補(bu)液。切(qie)忌用(yong)飲用(yong)純凈(jing)水代替。因為純凈(jing)水中含有多種(zhong)微量元素，對蓄(xu)電(dian)池會造成不(bu)良影響。

5、在啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)時(shi)(shi)，不間斷地使用啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)機會導致蓄電(dian)(dian)池因過(guo)度放電(dian)(dian)而損壞(huai)。正確(que)的(de)使用辦法是每次發(fa)動(dong)(dong)車(che)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間總長不超(chao)過(guo)5秒，再次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)間隔(ge)時(shi)(shi)間不少于15秒。在多次啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)仍不著(zhu)車(che)的(de)情況下應從電(dian)(dian)路(lu)、點火(huo)線圈或油路(lu)等(deng)其(qi)他方面找原因。

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1、脈沖修復法

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池消除(chu)硫化(hua)比(bi)較好的(de)方(fang)法就(jiu)是采用脈沖(chong)修(xiu)復法。在修(xiu)復蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池時(shi)，脈沖(chong)的(de)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)一般根據產(chan)(chan)(chan)品所體(ti)現的(de)功(gong)能需要，采取的(de)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)60V—300V之間，如用于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池延壽(shou)的(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值就(jiu)不益過大，專門由(you)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)復產(chan)(chan)(chan)品的(de)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值就(jiu)可以偏大（如果脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值太大對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極板會造(zao)成損傷），脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)復時(shi)間短，脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池修(xiu)復時(shi)間相對(dui)就(jiu)長，盡管(guan)脈沖(chong)瞬間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很(hen)高(gao)，但平(ping)均電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并不高(gao)，對(dui)人(ren)體(ti)沒(mei)有傷害，十分安全。

市場上有專門的脈沖(chong)發生器銷售，但要注意選擇效果好的一種(zhong)。脈沖(chong)與(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池極板的諧振很(hen)重要，這就(jiu)取決(jue)與(yu)(yu)脈沖(chong)頻率大(da)小、幅度寬窄(zhai)，脈沖(chong)頻率和(he)幅度不夠就(jiu)達不到消除(chu)(chu)硫酸結晶的效果，頻率和(he)幅度太(tai)大(da)則會(hui)出現消除(chu)(chu)了硫化而(er)損(sun)傷了電(dian)(dian)極板，并(bing)出現析氣(qi)現象；同時，脈沖(chong)波形也有很(hen)多種(zhong)，在示波器上可以(yi)顯示。

2、強電修復法(fa)

強電(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法就是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的(de)持久高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)或(huo)(huo)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)方法，多在脈沖修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法效果不明顯時采(cai)用。其一、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法：這種方法主要是(shi)采(cai)取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)標稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)1.3-1.5倍的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，如36V蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流不變或(huo)(huo)接(jie)近的(de)條件下，采(cai)用48V的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間要掌握(wo)分寸，不易過長，否則電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)會因析(xi)氣(qi)發熱。

3、全充(chong)全放電(dian)修復法(fa)

全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)就是(shi)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池采取完全(quan)充滿電(dian)后，再完全(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)。全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)主要(yao)是(shi)對輕(qing)度(du)損傷的(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池具有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)作用(yong)，同時(shi)此方法(fa)還可以有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)激活(huo)電(dian)瓶(ping)深層的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性物質，提高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)池容(rong)量。

4、補(bu)水修復法

對蓄(xu)電池(chi)“失(shi)水(shui)(shui)”采取(qu)補水(shui)(shui)的(de)方法(fa)便(bian)可(ke)修復，其(qi)目的(de)是稀釋濃(nong)度提高的(de)硫(liu)酸正常進行電解反(fan)應。補水(shui)(shui)方法(fa)上較為簡單，只用(yong)打開蓄(xu)電池(chi)上蓋，可(ke)以(yi)看見有六(liu)個(ge)(ge)圓孔，向每(mei)個(ge)(ge)圓孔注射一定量的(de)蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)(shui)，再浸泡24小時以(yi)上就可(ke)以(yi)了。

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