蓄電池修復是真的嗎
隨著電力供配電行業,通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展,也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比,所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外,為電動車輛、UPS系(xi)統、電(dian)訊設施(電(dian)信中(zhong)心,衛(wei)星地(di)面(mian)站(zhan))、內(nei)燃機車、汽車、電(dian)站(zhan)、變電(dian)站(zhan)、應急電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)、船舶及(ji)無電(dian)區(qu)光明工程的(de)儲(chu)能(neng)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)等95%以上都是使用的(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池。
型號不(bu)同(tong)、使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環境(jing)條件不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi),其設計使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)也不(bu)同(tong)。如固定型排氣式的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)20℃~25℃,浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)命(ming)有15年;VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)命(ming)在(zai)5~10年;牽引型(動力型)排氣式鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)為1500周次;動力型VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)為700次左(zuo)右;電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動摩(mo)托車(che)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動三輪車(che)配套的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)只(zhi)有350周次左(zuo)右,即一年;汽車(che)上配套的(de)(de)(de)點火,照明,起動用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般(ban)壽(shou)命(ming)為3~5年;所以(yi)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)修復對于市(shi)場(chang)占有量最大,使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率最高(gao),使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍最廣、壽(shou)命(ming)較短(duan)且(qie)易出現(xian)早期(qi)失(shi)效的(de)(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是主要工作的(de)(de)(de)對象。這些易出現(xian)早期(qi)失(shi)效的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)對其修復后可以(yi)再次提交使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),因此大大的(de)(de)(de)延長了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming),達到了既環保又節約節能的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。
蓄電池壞損修復的方法
一、電瓶檢測
第一步(bu)、檢查蓄(xu)電池外表狀態(tai):
檢查蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外形是否完(wan)好。檢查蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)外殼是否凸出、漏夜、斷隔、電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)接(jie)線(xian)端子腐蝕等,如(ru)果有(you)這(zhe)種現象,說明電(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)已經壞(huai)死;
第二(er)步、檢(jian)查蓄電池電壓是否正常:
1、在充電進行時(shi)(二個(ge)小時(shi)后),分三次(ci)檢(jian)測每節單塊電瓶的電壓,每次(ci)間隔20分鐘(zhong),如果(guo)有單塊(kuai)電池(chi)的電壓超過15V的,意(yi)味電(dian)瓶硫化;如果電(dian)壓始終達不到13V以(yi)上的,說明這節電瓶短路(lu)或單格落后;
2、在(zai)放電(dian)進行時(shi),用萬用表(biao)分三次測(ce)量(liang)每節單體電(dian)瓶(ping)的電(dian)壓,每次間隔10分鐘,如果某單塊電瓶(ping)的電壓下降的比(bi)其他(ta)幾節電瓶(ping)快,并且(qie)低于10V,加上這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)時間最短,那么這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池就是問(wen)題電(dian)(dian)池。
3、檢測單塊電(dian)(dian)瓶的靜態電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(浮電(dian)(dian))。當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)零(ling)時,有兩種(zhong)可(ke)能(neng):一種(zhong)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶完全斷路(lu),電(dian)(dian)路(lu)不通,電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)零(ling);另一種(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)瓶放置時間(jian)過長,電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低至1-2V,甚至為(wei)零。
第(di)三步(bu)、檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池電解(jie)液是(shi)否“失水”、發黑:
檢(jian)查電解液是否變質(zhi)或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小時后,用手觸觸摸每節電(dian)瓶外殼(ke)側面,如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)瓶發熱燙(tang)手,這節電(dian)池已經壞死(si);如(ru)果(guo)只(zhi)是發熱,溫度在40度左右(you),同(tong)時(shi)充電(dian)時(shi)充電(dian)器一直亮著紅燈,說(shuo)明電(dian)池嚴重“失水(shui)”;另外也可以打開電(dian)瓶(ping)的蓋子(zi),檢查“失水(shui)”狀(zhuang)態。
二、蓄電池修復方法技術
1、脈沖修復(fu)法:
蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池消除(chu)硫(liu)化比(bi)較(jiao)好的方法(fa)就是采用脈(mo)沖(chong)修復法(fa)。在修復蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池時(shi),脈(mo)沖(chong)的瞬(shun)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓一般根據產品所體現的功能需要,采取的瞬(shun)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為60V—300V之(zhi)間,如用于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)延壽的產(chan)品(pin)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)不益(yi)過大(da),專門(men)由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復產(chan)品(pin)的脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)可以(yi)偏大(da)(如果脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓值(zhi)太(tai)大(da)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板會造成損傷),脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓高,蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復時間短,脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓低,蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)修復時間相對就(jiu)(jiu)長(chang),盡管(guan)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)瞬(shun)間電(dian)(dian)壓很(hen)高,但平均電(dian)(dian)壓并(bing)不高,對人體沒有傷害,十分安全。
市場上(shang)有專門的脈沖發生器銷售,但要(yao)注意(yi)選(xuan)擇效(xiao)果好的一(yi)種。脈沖與蓄電池極(ji)板(ban)的諧振(zhen)很重(zhong)要(yao),這就取決與脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)大小(xiao)、幅度(du)寬(kuan)窄,脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)不夠就達(da)不到(dao)消(xiao)除硫酸結(jie)晶的效(xiao)果,頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)太大則會(hui)出現(xian)消(xiao)除了硫化而損傷了電極(ji)板(ban),并出現(xian)析氣(qi)現(xian)象;同時,脈沖波形也有很多種,在示波器上(shang)可(ke)以顯示。
2、強(qiang)電修復法:
強電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法就是采(cai)取充電(dian)時(shi)(shi)的持久高(gao)電(dian)壓或大電(dian)流(liu)修(xiu)復(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的方法,多在(zai)脈沖修(xiu)復(fu)法效果不明(ming)顯時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)。其一、高(gao)電(dian)壓修(xiu)復(fu)法:這種(zhong)方法主要是采(cai)取電(dian)池(chi)標稱電(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓修復電(dian)(dian)池,如36V蓄電池在充電電流不變或接(jie)近的條件(jian)下,采用48V的(de)充(chong)電(dian)器進行充(chong)電(dian),充(chong)電(dian)時間要掌(zhang)握分寸,不易過長,否(fou)則電(dian)池(chi)會因析氣發熱。
3、全(quan)充全(quan)放(fang)電修復法:
全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)修復(fu)(fu)法(fa)(fa)就是對(dui)蓄電(dian)池采(cai)取(qu)完全(quan)充(chong)滿電(dian)后,再完全(quan)的(de)(de)放電(dian)修復(fu)(fu)蓄電(dian)池的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)修復(fu)(fu)法(fa)(fa)主要(yao)是對(dui)輕度損傷(shang)的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池具有一定的(de)(de)修復(fu)(fu)作用(yong),同時(shi)此方(fang)法(fa)(fa)還可(ke)以有效(xiao)的(de)(de)激(ji)活(huo)電(dian)瓶深(shen)層的(de)(de)活(huo)性物(wu)質,提高(gao)蓄電(dian)池容量。
4、補(bu)水修復法:
對蓄電(dian)池(chi)“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復,其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單,只用打開蓄電池上蓋,可以看見有六個圓孔,向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水,再浸泡24小(xiao)時以(yi)上就可(ke)以(yi)了(le)。
5、重新配組修(xiu)復法(fa):
電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組,電池壞損是多方面的,可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷:對于硫化的電瓶,修復后使用效果較好;但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶,即時可以修復,因屬物理硬傷,可再利用價值不大,修復后的使用時間也極短,再修復的效果將會更差。
蓄電池修復方法
1、電池串聯修復法:這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如,市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池,而測試儀單路輸出為12V,這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池,把它們接入測試儀進行硫修復。
2、輸出組合法:對(dui)(dui)于那種放了很久的電(dian)(dian)池或者說自放電(dian)(dian)很嚴(yan)重以(yi)及硫化很嚴(yan)重的電(dian)(dian)池,我們不能采用補水和充電(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)的方法(fa)了。而輸出組合法(fa)對(dui)(dui)嚴(yan)重硫化的電(dian)(dian)池效果比較好,在(zai)使(shi)用這(zhe)個方法(fa)時,充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流最好是5A。因為修復(fu)功能的疊加(jia),修復(fu)負脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)流大(da)于正脈(mo),選擇5A是為了彌(mi)補由此而產生的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流的抵消。
3、活化充電法:其實蓄(xu)電(dian)池在(zai)存儲或者(zhe)是使(shi)用(yong)期(qi)間,我們可以(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)期(qi)給它(ta)進(jin)行活(huo)化充(chong)(chong)電(dian),也就(jiu)是所謂的(de)均(jun)衡充(chong)(chong)電(dian),這樣(yang)對蓄(xu)電(dian)池不可逆(ni)硫化是很有幫助的(de),因為就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)延長蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)壽命,是很提倡的(de)做(zuo)法。我們在(zai)一(yi)般情況下(xia),使(shi)用(yong)測試儀定(ding)期(qi)對電(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)—放電(dian)—充(chong)(chong)電(dian)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)了。
4、加熱法:對(dui)于(yu)那種放的(de)(de)(de)很久的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi),電(dian)解液自(zi)(zi)然(ran)就成嚴重干涸(he)的(de)(de)(de)狀態。如果顧客急需要修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)話(hua),就可(ke)以采用這種加熱法。首先(xian)給要被修復(fu)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)補水后,為了加快電(dian)解液向電(dian)池(chi)內部滲(shen)透和(he)自(zi)(zi)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學反應(ying),然(ran)后我們(men)就把補水后的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)池(chi)放入70℃的(de)(de)(de)熱水中浸泡,最(zui)后取出電(dian)池(chi)進行正常的(de)(de)(de)修復(fu)工作。
汽車蓄電池修復技術
首(shou)先(xian)我們需要(yao)知道,蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)分為開口蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)和閥(fa)控密(mi)封式(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)兩種,對于不(bu)同的(de)種類的(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)其維護方式(shi)也是不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)。我們第一個先(xian)來看看閥(fa)控密(mi)封式(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電池(chi)的(de)修復(fu)方法。
1、清理
維(wei)護電(dian)池(chi)以前,首先要清(qing)(qing)理被修電(dian)池(chi)外(wai)表的(de)灰塵(chen),清(qing)(qing)除(chu)端子上面(mian)的(de)沾(zhan)污(wu)和銹蝕。然后再打(da)開排氣閥,觀察電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的(de)電(dian)解液。
2、撬開電池蓋,根據情況處理
撬開膠粘的或者熱封的電(dian)池(chi)上蓋,露出免維(wei)護電(dian)池(chi)的橡膠排氣閥,小心拆下排氣閥,觀察電(dian)池(chi)內部情(qing)況。檢(jian)查是(shi)否(fou)由黑(hei)色(se)(se)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi),如(ru)果有明(ming)顯的黑(hei)色(se)(se)渾濁雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi),說明(ming)電(dian)池(chi)的正極板已(yi)經明(ming)顯的軟化,電(dian)池(chi)修好(hao)的可能性比較小。如(ru)果沒有黑(hei)色(se)(se)渾濁雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi),需要(yao)等待4小時(shi)以(yi)后,水充分深入電(dian)池(chi)。同時(shi),給電(dian)池(chi)加含0.1%~0.5%的電(dian)解液,到(dao)電(dian)池(chi)上面剛好(hao)有流動的電(dian)解液。如(ru)果僅(jin)(jin)僅(jin)(jin)是(shi)因為停用時(shi)間較長(chang)而引起電(dian)池(chi)容量下降,不(bu)需要(yao)進行本(ben)步驟操(cao)作,直接進入下面預充電(dian)。
3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電
一(yi)般采用0.1c~0.25c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),到16.2v以(yi)后,通過降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的方法,維持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,一(yi)直到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降到0.03c的時候,停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后,觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部是否(fou)還有游離分(fen)子(zi)(zi),如(ru)果(guo)沒有,需要補0.1%的溶(rong)液(ye),一(yi)直到出現少許游離分(fen)子(zi)(zi)。如(ru)果(guo)每個單格里都有游離分(fen)子(zi)(zi),用傾倒和吸管吸出可(ke)見到的游離分(fen)子(zi)(zi),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于準貧液(ye)狀態(tai)。注意,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的時候,會(hui)有氣體(ti)帶著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)從(cong)排氣孔中溢出,為了(le)不污染環境,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池應(ying)該放(fang)到特(te)定的容器中。
充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束以(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)靜止半小時以(yi)后,測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)開路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應(ying)該(gai)在12v以(yi)上,如果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于(yu)(yu)12v,特別是(shi)低(di)于(yu)(yu)10.8v,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可能(neng)有內短(duan)路,該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經(jing)沒有維修價值。
4、蓄電池修復
連(lian)接修復(fu)儀(yi)的正負輸(shu)出到電池的正負極柱(zhu)上(shang),開啟(qi)修復(fu)儀(yi),對電池進行修復(fu)。首次修復(fu)時間應該不低于48小時。
5、容量測試
給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)按照0.1c電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),記錄放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流乘以(yi)時間的(de)小時數,就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修復的(de)容量(liang)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)達到到標(biao)稱(cheng)容量(liang)的(de)70%以(yi)上,結束修復。如果容量(liang)沒有達到70%的(de)標(biao)稱(cheng)容量(liang),繼續按照步驟3充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后繼續修復,一(yi)般(ban),超期存貯一(yi)年的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需(xu)要(yao)進行二(er)次修復,才可(ke)以(yi)恢復到超期存貯以(yi)前的(de)狀態。