蓄電池修復是真的嗎

隨著電力供配電行業，通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展，也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比，所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外，為電動車輛、UPS系統、電(dian)(dian)訊設施（電(dian)(dian)信(xin)中心，衛星地面(mian)站）、內(nei)燃機車、汽車、電(dian)(dian)站、變電(dian)(dian)站、應急電(dian)(dian)源、船(chuan)舶及(ji)無電(dian)(dian)區光明工程的儲能(neng)電(dian)(dian)源等95%以上都是使用的鉛酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。

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型(xing)號不同(tong)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)環境條件(jian)不同(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其設(she)計使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)也不同(tong)。如固定型(xing)排氣式(shi)的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在20℃~25℃，浮充充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)有(you)15年；VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)在5~10年；牽引(yin)型(xing)（動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)型(xing)）排氣式(shi)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)為(wei)(wei)1500周次(ci)；動(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)型(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)為(wei)(wei)700次(ci)左右(you)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)自行(xing)車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)摩托車、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)三輪車配套的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)只有(you)350周次(ci)左右(you)，即一年；汽車上配套的(de)點(dian)火(huo)，照明，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)的(de)VRLA鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)為(wei)(wei)3~5年；所以鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)修復對于市場占有(you)量最大，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)頻率最高，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范圍最廣、壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)較短且易出(chu)現早期失效(xiao)的(de)鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是主(zhu)要工(gong)作的(de)對象(xiang)。這些易出(chu)現早期失效(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)對其修復后可(ke)以再次(ci)提(ti)交使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，因此大大的(de)延(yan)長了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)，達到(dao)了既環保又節(jie)約節(jie)能的(de)目(mu)的(de)。

蓄電池壞損修復的方法

一、電瓶檢測

第一步、檢查蓄電池外(wai)表狀(zhuang)態：

檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池(chi)外(wai)形是否(fou)完好。檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池(chi)外(wai)殼是否(fou)凸出、漏夜、斷隔、電瓶接線端子腐蝕等，如果有這種現象，說(shuo)明電瓶已經壞死；

第二步、檢查蓄電池電壓是否正常：

1、在充電(dian)(dian)進行(xing)時(shi)（二個小時(shi)后(hou)），分三(san)次檢(jian)測(ce)每節單塊電(dian)(dian)瓶的電(dian)(dian)壓，每次間隔20分(fen)鐘，如果有(you)單塊電池的(de)電壓超過15V的，意(yi)味電(dian)(dian)瓶硫化；如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)壓始(shi)終達(da)不到(dao)13V以(yi)上的(de)，說明這節電瓶(ping)短路或單(dan)格落后；

2、在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)進行時，用萬用表分三次測(ce)量每節單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，每次間(jian)隔(ge)10分鐘(zhong)，如果某(mou)單塊電(dian)瓶的(de)(de)電(dian)壓下降的(de)(de)比其他幾節電(dian)瓶快，并且(qie)低于(yu)10V，加上(shang)這(zhe)節(jie)電(dian)池放電(dian)時間最短，那么這(zhe)節(jie)電(dian)池就是(shi)問題電(dian)池。

3、檢測單(dan)塊電(dian)瓶的靜態電(dian)壓(ya)（浮(fu)電(dian)）。當電(dian)壓(ya)為零(ling)時，有兩種可(ke)能：一(yi)(yi)種是(shi)電(dian)瓶完全斷路，電(dian)路不通，電(dian)壓(ya)為零(ling)；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)種就是(shi)電(dian)瓶放置時間過(guo)長，電(dian)壓(ya)低(di)至1-2V，甚至為零。

第三步、檢查蓄電池電解(jie)液是否“失水”、發黑：

檢查電解液(ye)是否變質或“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個(ge)小時后，用(yong)手觸(chu)觸(chu)摸每節電(dian)瓶外(wai)殼側(ce)面，如(ru)果電(dian)瓶發熱(re)燙手，這節電(dian)池已經(jing)壞死；如(ru)果只(zhi)是(shi)發熱(re)，溫度在40度左右(you)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電時(shi)(shi)充(chong)電器(qi)一直亮著紅燈(deng)，說明電池嚴重“失水(shui)(shui)”；另外也可(ke)以(yi)打(da)開電瓶(ping)的蓋子，檢查“失水(shui)(shui)”狀態(tai)。

二、蓄電池修復方法技術

1、脈(mo)沖修復法(fa)：

蓄(xu)電池消(xiao)除硫化比較好的方法就是(shi)采用脈沖(chong)修復法。在修復蓄(xu)電池時，脈沖(chong)的瞬(shun)間(jian)電壓(ya)一般根據產品(pin)所體(ti)現的功能需要，采取(qu)的瞬(shun)間(jian)電壓(ya)為60V—300V之間(jian)，如(ru)用于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)延壽的產(chan)品(pin)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)不益過大(da)，專門由(you)于蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)產(chan)品(pin)的脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以偏大(da)（如(ru)果脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)太大(da)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板會造成損傷），脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)時(shi)間(jian)短，脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)時(shi)間(jian)相對就(jiu)(jiu)長，盡管脈沖(chong)瞬間(jian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很高(gao)，但平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)并不高(gao)，對人體沒(mei)有傷害，十分安全。

市場(chang)上(shang)有(you)專門的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)發生器銷售，但要注意選擇效果(guo)好(hao)的(de)一(yi)種。脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)與蓄(xu)電池(chi)極(ji)板(ban)的(de)諧(xie)振很重(zhong)要，這(zhe)就取決與脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)頻(pin)率大小(xiao)、幅度寬窄，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)頻(pin)率和幅度不(bu)夠就達不(bu)到消除硫酸結晶(jing)的(de)效果(guo)，頻(pin)率和幅度太大則(ze)會出現消除了硫化(hua)而損傷了電極(ji)板(ban)，并出現析氣現象；同時，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)波(bo)形也有(you)很多種，在示(shi)波(bo)器上(shang)可(ke)以顯示(shi)。

2、強電修(xiu)復法(fa)：

強電(dian)修(xiu)復法(fa)就是(shi)采取充電(dian)時的持久高(gao)電(dian)壓或(huo)大電(dian)流修(xiu)復蓄電(dian)池的方法(fa)，多在脈(mo)沖修(xiu)復法(fa)效果不明顯時采用。其一、高(gao)電(dian)壓修(xiu)復法(fa)：這種方法(fa)主要是(shi)采取電(dian)池標稱電(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍(bei)的充電電壓修復電池，如36V蓄電池在充(chong)電電流不變或接近的條件下，采用(yong)48V的充電(dian)(dian)器進行(xing)充電(dian)(dian)，充電(dian)(dian)時間要掌握(wo)分寸，不易(yi)過長，否則電(dian)(dian)池會因析(xi)氣發(fa)熱。

3、全充全放電修復法：

全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)(fa)就是對(dui)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)采取完全(quan)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)后，再(zai)完全(quan)的放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放(fang)電(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法(fa)(fa)主要是對(dui)輕(qing)度損傷的蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)具有一定(ding)的修(xiu)復(fu)作用(yong)，同時此(ci)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)還(huan)可以(yi)有效的激活(huo)電(dian)瓶(ping)深(shen)層(ceng)的活(huo)性物質，提(ti)高蓄電(dian)池(chi)(chi)容(rong)量。

4、補水修復法：

對蓄(xu)電池“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復，其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單，只用打開蓄電池上蓋，可以看見有六個圓孔，向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水，再浸泡24小時以上(shang)就(jiu)可(ke)以了(le)。

5、重新配組修復(fu)法：

電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組，電池壞損是多方面的，可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷：對于硫化的電瓶，修復后使用效果較好；但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶，即時可以修復，因屬物理硬傷，可再利用價值不大，修復后的使用時間也極短，再修復的效果將會更差。

蓄電池修復方法

1、電池串聯修復法：這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如，市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池，而測試儀單路輸出為12V，這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池，把(ba)它們接入(ru)測試儀進(jin)行(xing)硫修復。

2、輸出組合法：對(dui)于那種放了(le)很久(jiu)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)或(huo)者說自放電(dian)很嚴重以及硫化(hua)很嚴重的(de)電(dian)池(chi)，我們不能采用(yong)(yong)補水和(he)充電(dian)恢復(fu)的(de)方(fang)法了(le)。而(er)輸出組合法對(dui)嚴重硫化(hua)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)效果比較(jiao)好，在使用(yong)(yong)這個(ge)方(fang)法時(shi)，充電(dian)電(dian)流最(zui)好是5A。因為修(xiu)復(fu)功能的(de)疊(die)加，修(xiu)復(fu)負(fu)脈沖電(dian)流大于正脈，選(xuan)擇(ze)5A是為了(le)彌補由此而(er)產生(sheng)的(de)充電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)抵消。

3、活化充電法：其實蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在存儲或者是使用期(qi)間，我(wo)們可以(yi)(yi)定期(qi)給(gei)它進行(xing)活化(hua)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，也就(jiu)是所謂的均衡充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)不可逆(ni)硫化(hua)是很(hen)有幫助的，因為就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)延(yan)長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命，是很(hen)提(ti)倡的做(zuo)法(fa)。我(wo)們在一般(ban)情況下(xia)，使用測(ce)試儀定期(qi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)—放電(dian)(dian)(dian)—充電(dian)(dian)(dian)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)了。

4、加熱法：對于那種(zhong)放(fang)的很(hen)久的電(dian)池(chi)，電(dian)解液自然(ran)(ran)就(jiu)成嚴(yan)重干涸的狀態(tai)。如(ru)果顧(gu)客急(ji)需要修(xiu)復的話，就(jiu)可以采用這種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)法。首(shou)先給要被修(xiu)復的電(dian)池(chi)補水(shui)(shui)后，為了加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)電(dian)解液向電(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部滲透和自身的化學反應(ying)，然(ran)(ran)后我們就(jiu)把補水(shui)(shui)后的電(dian)池(chi)放(fang)入70℃的熱(re)水(shui)(shui)中浸泡，最后取出電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)正常的修(xiu)復工作。

汽車蓄電池修復技術

首先我(wo)(wo)們需要知(zhi)道(dao)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)分為開口蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和閥(fa)控密封式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)兩種(zhong)，對于不(bu)同的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)其維護方(fang)式(shi)也是不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)。我(wo)(wo)們第(di)一個先來看看閥(fa)控密封式(shi)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)修復方(fang)法。

1、清理

維護電(dian)池以(yi)前(qian)，首先要清(qing)理被修電(dian)池外表的(de)灰塵，清(qing)除(chu)端子上面的(de)沾污和銹蝕。然后再打開排氣閥，觀察電(dian)池內部(bu)的(de)電(dian)解液。

2、撬開電池蓋，根據情況處理

撬開(kai)膠粘(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)或者熱(re)封的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上蓋，露出免維(wei)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)橡膠排氣閥(fa)，小心拆(chai)下(xia)(xia)排氣閥(fa)，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)內部情況。檢查(cha)是否由黑色雜質，如果有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)黑色渾(hun)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)雜質，說明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)極板已經明顯的(de)(de)(de)軟化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)修好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)小。如果沒(mei)有(you)黑色渾(hun)濁(zhuo)(zhuo)雜質，需要等待4小時以后，水充分深(shen)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。同時，給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)加含0.1%～0.5%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液，到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上面(mian)剛(gang)好(hao)有(you)流動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液。如果僅僅是因為(wei)停用(yong)時間較(jiao)長(chang)而引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)容量(liang)下(xia)(xia)降(jiang)，不需要進(jin)行(xing)本步(bu)驟操作，直接進(jin)入下(xia)(xia)面(mian)預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電

一般(ban)采用(yong)0.1c～0.25c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，到(dao)(dao)16.2v以后，通過(guo)降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)方法，維持充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，一直到(dao)(dao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)下降(jiang)到(dao)(dao)0.03c的(de)時候(hou)，停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以后，觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池內(nei)部是否還有游(you)(you)(you)離(li)分子(zi)，如果沒有，需要補0.1%的(de)溶(rong)液，一直到(dao)(dao)出現少許(xu)游(you)(you)(you)離(li)分子(zi)。如果每個(ge)單格里都(dou)有游(you)(you)(you)離(li)分子(zi)，用(yong)傾倒和吸管吸出可見到(dao)(dao)的(de)游(you)(you)(you)離(li)分子(zi)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池處于準貧液狀態。注意，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時候(hou)，會有氣體(ti)帶著電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液從(cong)排氣孔中溢出，為了不污染環境(jing)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池應該放到(dao)(dao)特定的(de)容器中。

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束以后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)靜止半小時以后，測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應該(gai)在12v以上，如(ru)果(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低于(yu)12v，特別(bie)是低于(yu)10.8v，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可(ke)能有內短路(lu)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)已經沒(mei)有維(wei)修價值。

4、蓄電池修復

連接修(xiu)復(fu)儀的(de)正負輸出到電池(chi)的(de)正負極柱上(shang)，開啟修(xiu)復(fu)儀，對(dui)電池(chi)進行修(xiu)復(fu)。首次修(xiu)復(fu)時間應該不低于48小時。

5、容量測試

給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)按(an)照0.1c電(dian)(dian)流放電(dian)(dian)，記(ji)錄放電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。其放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流乘以(yi)時(shi)間的(de)小時(shi)數，就是電(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)復的(de)容量。如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量達(da)到(dao)到(dao)標(biao)稱(cheng)容量的(de)70％以(yi)上，結(jie)束(shu)修(xiu)復。如(ru)果容量沒有達(da)到(dao)70％的(de)標(biao)稱(cheng)容量，繼(ji)續按(an)照步驟３充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)以(yi)后繼(ji)續修(xiu)復，一(yi)(yi)般，超(chao)期存貯一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)需要進行二(er)次修(xiu)復，才可以(yi)恢復到(dao)超(chao)期存貯以(yi)前(qian)的(de)狀態。