電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車上的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)力來源,能(neng)夠被電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)自行車使用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)有閥控鉛(qian)酸免維護蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、膠體(ti)(ti)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)、鎳氫(qing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鋰(li)離子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)最常(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),那(nei)么,鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)區別是(shi)什么?鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)質量比、體(ti)(ti)積(ji)比、能(neng)量比都高于鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)大概約40%。接下來就一(yi)起(qi)來了解一(yi)下電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)和(he)鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)吧。
鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極主(zhu)要由(you)鉛(qian)及其(qi)氧化物制(zhi)成,電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液是硫酸溶(rong)液。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下,正極主(zhu)要成分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二(er)氧化鉛(qian),負極主(zhu)要成分(fen)為(wei)(wei)鉛(qian);放電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)下,正負極的主(zhu)要成分(fen)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)硫酸鉛(qian)。
1、安全(quan)對比
動力型鋰(li)電池(錳(meng)酸鋰(li)、磷酸鐵鋰(li))材料不(bu)同安全(quan)性(xing)有所差(cha)別(bie),鉛酸電池技術已經相當成熟,安全(quan)性(xing)比鋰(li)電池高。
2、環(huan)保對比
鋰電(dian)池沒有污染,而鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池有重(zhong)金屬鉛(qian)的(de)污染。所以使(shi)用鉛(qian)酸電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)還是會(hui)污染環境。
3、價格對比
市場上相同容量(liang)的(de)鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池價(jia)格是鉛酸電(dian)池的(de)一倍(bei)多。這就(jiu)是使(shi)用鋰(li)(li)電(dian)池的(de)電(dian)動汽車價(jia)格比較貴的(de)原因。
4、能量對比(bi)
鋰電(dian)池(chi)的質量(liang)比、體積比、能量(liang)比都高于(yu)鉛酸電(dian)池(chi)大概(gai)約40%。
5、自放電率對比
鋰電池(chi)月自放電小于3%,而鉛酸電池(chi)15~30%,差別較大(da)。
6、使用壽(shou)命(ming)對比
目前(qian)通用的磷酸鐵(tie)鋰(li)充電1500次(ci),沒有(you)記憶效應,充電1500次(ci)后約85%的存(cun)儲(chu)能力(li),而鉛酸電池(chi)(chi)為(wei)500次(ci)左(zuo)右,存(cun)儲(chu)能力(li)也會大幅下(xia)降,而且記憶效應很(hen)明(ming)顯(xian)。所(suo)以使(shi)用鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)的電動汽(qi)車電池(chi)(chi)使(shi)用壽命(ming)會更長。
7、電壓平臺對比
鋰(li)電池(chi)電壓(ya)平(ping)臺都大于3V,鉛酸(suan)電池(chi)是2V。
8、放電特性對比
簡單的(de)說(shuo)同樣容(rong)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)池,大電(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下,鋰電(dian)(dian)池要比鉛(qian)酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池多(duo)放(fang)出來(lai)約30%的(de)電(dian)(dian)。
9、耐用(yong)性方(fang)面
鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)耐用(yong)(yong)性較強,耐震動性好,完全(quan)(quan)充電(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全(quan)(quan)固定,消(xiao)耗慢,充放超過500次,并且無(wu)記憶(yi),一般(ban)壽命在(zai)4—5年(nian)。鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般(ban)在(zai)深(shen)充深(shen)放電(dian)(dian)400次以(yi)內,有記憶(yi),壽命在(zai)兩年(nian)左右。如果(guo)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)是免(mian)維(wei)護鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),需要注意(yi)的(de)是其電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)失水(shui)(shui)量少(shao),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)中一般(ban)不需添(tian)加(jia)蒸(zheng)餾(liu)水(shui)(shui)。
鉛酸電池優缺點
性價比高(gao)一般認為電(dian)(dian)動車(che)用鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)比鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)要好,主要是因為鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)(geng)安全(quan),價格(ge)相對便宜,大眾更(geng)(geng)容易(yi)接受,最重(zhong)要的是鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)回收(shou)價格(ge)比鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)更(geng)(geng)高(gao)。
高倍率(lv)放電性能更好(hao)一般來說,一組鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)只要(yao)幾(ji)百塊,一組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),隨(sui)(sui)隨(sui)(sui)便便的(de)就要(yao)一千(qian)多近兩千(qian)塊。鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)載能力(li)和抗沖擊(ji)能力(li)強(qiang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)行駛中的(de)阻力(li),隨(sui)(sui)時變換,甚至突然被停止,這時電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)變化很(hen)大(da)的(de),在打火那幾(ji)秒(miao)鐘,電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達兩三百安培,鉛(qian)(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)能安然無(wu)恙,而鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)則是難望其項背。
鉛酸(suan)電(dian)池也(ye)有缺(que)點(dian)比(bi)如重金屬容(rong)易造成(cheng)環境污染;與(yu)鋰電池(chi)相比(bi),鉛酸電池(chi)能量密(mi)度(du)更低;而(er)且(qie)其使用壽命不(bu)及(ji)鋰電池(chi)。
鋰電池優缺點
能效(xiao)高鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)無論是體(ti)積(ji)比(bi)能量,還是重量比(bi)能量,鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)均比(bi)鉛酸(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)高出3倍(bei)以上。鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)體(ti)積(ji)更小、重量更輕、循環壽命長(chang)。
輕便環(huan)保鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)相(xiang)對輕巧,攜帶(dai)方便,而壽命相(xiang)對要長很多。此外,鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的高低溫(wen)適應性更強,受溫(wen)度影響(xiang)因素較小,且更加綠色環保。
鋰電池也有三個缺點其安全穩定性相(xiang)對而言比較差(cha),要是操(cao)作不當,很容易(yi)發生爆炸的(de)風險。另(ling)外(wai),鋰電池不能大電流放電且生產要求條件(jian)高,成本更高。
小結
以目前而(er)言,鋰(li)(li)(li)電車(che)(che)(che)市場普及(ji)率低(di)于鉛酸電池車(che)(che)(che),其主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)因素(su)是(shi)技術(shu)的(de)不完善,鋰(li)(li)(li)電池成(cheng)本仍相對偏(pian)高。因此在現(xian)有(you)“鋰(li)(li)(li)電車(che)(che)(che)”產(chan)(chan)品(pin)設(she)計中,多采用減少鋰(li)(li)(li)電池的(de)容量配置,來相應(ying)降(jiang)低(di)整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)實施(shi)成(cheng)本,而(er)這(zhe)使(shi)得現(xian)有(you)“鋰(li)(li)(li)電車(che)(che)(che)”產(chan)(chan)品(pin)之車(che)(che)(che)型過于單(dan)一化。比(bi)如(ru),目前市面上鋰(li)(li)(li)電產(chan)(chan)品(pin)多為“電單(dan)車(che)(che)(che)”而(er)且(qie)續程(cheng)不是(shi)很遠(yuan)的(de)車(che)(che)(che)型,但是(shi)像四(si)輪(lun)電動車(che)(che)(che),四(si)輪(lun)老人電動代步車(che)(che)(che)這(zhe)些比(bi)較(jiao)遠(yuan)續程(cheng)的(de)就(jiu)目前情(qing)況還是(shi)比(bi)較(jiao)適(shi)(shi)合“鉛酸電池”。總之鉛酸電池和鋰(li)(li)(li)電池哪個好,不能(neng)單(dan)純的(de)以電池的(de)質量好壞而(er)論,二者各具優劣(lie),適(shi)(shi)應(ying)于不同的(de)需求(qiu)人群,消費(fei)者應(ying)根據自己(ji)需求(qiu)選擇(ze)。
鉛酸蓄電池和鋰電池的(de)充電器通用嗎(ma)?
不能通用。首先鋰電池與鉛酸電池的電壓等級是不匹配的,而且而鋰電池種類多樣、電池性能及電池保護板參數也各不相同、其對應的充電器也不同,因此鋰電池并不像鉛酸電池一樣,有通用型的電池充電器,更加不能和鉛酸蓄電池共通使用了。建議大家為了保護鋰電池,還需使用專用充電器。【查看更多>>】
電動車蓄電池為(wei)什么容易壞(huai)?
“過充”導致蓄電池壞損(sun):“過充(chong)”就(jiu)是(shi)過量(liang)給電(dian)動代步車的(de)蓄電(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)而產生對蓄電(dian)瓶化(hua)學(xue)和物理(li)性(xing)能的(de)破壞(huai)。
“虧電”導致電瓶壞損(sun):“虧電(dian)(dian)”是電(dian)(dian)瓶電(dian)(dian)量不足(zu)、電(dian)(dian)壓偏低時(shi)強行過(guo)量放電(dian)(dian)導(dao)致(zhi)破壞蓄電(dian)(dian)瓶極(ji)板涂層(ceng)。
過載產生的大(da)電流放電使(shi)電瓶(ping)壞(huai)損:過載就是電動車行駛中負載超重,如過量(liang)的載貨、載人等,還有路況不(bu)好(hao)使(shi)電動車頻繁的剎車和啟動,造成大電流放電,損(sun)傷電瓶。
極板硫化導致電瓶壞損:大電流損傷電瓶極板是電動車電池容量減少癥結,就也是使用快充或者超大電流給電動車充電后會讓電動車極易產生樣板硫化、從而導致蓄電池容量變小,電瓶易壞。【查看更多>>】
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