電動汽車蓄電池容量一般是多少

一(yi)般家用汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)54-60Ah之間，汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量(liang)表示在一(yi)定條(tiao)件下（放(fang)電(dian)(dian)率、溫度(du)、終(zhong)止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)壓等）電(dian)(dian)瓶放(fang)出的電(dian)(dian)量(liang)。一(yi)般汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)瓶的容(rong)量(liang)單(dan)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)Ah，例如容(rong)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)60Ah的電(dian)(dian)瓶如果連(lian)續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流為(wei)(wei)1A，那么(me)它可連(lian)續放(fang)電(dian)(dian)60小時。基(ji)于國(guo)家GB標準(zhun)，以型號為(wei)(wei)6-QAW-54a的蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)例：

1、6表(biao)示由6個(ge)單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)池組成，每個(ge)單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓為2V，即額定電(dian)(dian)壓為12V。

2、Q表示蓄(xu)電(dian)池的用途(tu)，Q為(wei)汽車啟動用蓄(xu)電(dian)池。

3、A表示干荷型蓄電池。

4、W表示(shi)免維護型蓄電池，若不標表示(shi)普通型蓄電池。

5、54：表(biao)示蓄電池的額定容(rong)量(liang)為54Ah。

6、角標a：表示對原(yuan)產(chan)品的第一(yi)次改進。

7、角標b表示第二次改進，依次類推。

8、注：型號后(hou)加(jia)D表(biao)示低(di)溫啟動性能好，如(ru)6-QA-110D。

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電動汽車蓄電池性能參數

1、電動勢

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢(shi)，又稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)標準電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或理論(lun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)斷路時(shi)正負兩(liang)極間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位差。

2、額定電壓

額定(ding)電壓(ya)(或公稱(cheng)電壓(ya))，系(xi)指該電化學(xue)體系(xi)的(de)電池工作時公認的(de)標準電壓(ya)。

3、開路電壓

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)是無負荷情況(kuang)下的電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)不等于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動勢。必須指(zhi)出，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的電(dian)(dian)動勢是從熱力(li)學函(han)數計算(suan)而(er)得到的，而(er)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)則(ze)是實際(ji)測量出來的。

4、工作電壓

指蓄電池在某負(fu)載下實際(ji)的放電(dian)電(dian)壓，通(tong)常是指一個電(dian)壓范圍。

5、充電電壓

指外電(dian)(dian)路直流電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。一般(ban)的充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)要大于電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，通常在一定的范圍內。

6、內阻

蓄電池的內阻(zu)包(bao)括(kuo)：正(zheng)負極板的電阻(zu)，電解液的電阻(zu)，隔(ge)板的電阻(zu)和連接(jie)體的電阻(zu)等。

7、正負極電阻

目前普遍使用的(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池正(zheng)、負極板(ban)(ban)(ban)為涂膏式，由(you)鉛銻合金(jin)或鉛鈣合金(jin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)柵架和(he)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)兩(liang)部分構(gou)成(cheng)。因此，極板(ban)(ban)(ban)電(dian)阻(zu)也(ye)由(you)板(ban)(ban)(ban)柵電(dian)阻(zu)和(he)活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)電(dian)阻(zu)組成(cheng)。板(ban)(ban)(ban)柵在活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)內層，充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)時，不(bu)會發生化(hua)學變化(hua)，所以它的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)是板(ban)(ban)(ban)柵的(de)固有電(dian)阻(zu)。活(huo)性(xing)物質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)阻(zu)是隨著電(dian)池充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)狀態的(de)不(bu)同而變化(hua)的(de)。

8、電解液電阻

電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的電(dian)(dian)阻視其(qi)濃(nong)度(du)不同(tong)而(er)異。在(zai)(zai)規(gui)定的濃(nong)度(du)范圍(wei)內一(yi)旦選定某一(yi)濃(nong)度(du)后，電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)電(dian)(dian)阻將(jiang)隨(sui)充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)程度(du)而(er)變。電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)極(ji)板活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)還原的同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)增加(jia)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)阻下(xia)降；蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，在(zai)(zai)極(ji)板活性(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)硫酸化的同(tong)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)濃(nong)度(du)下(xia)降，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)阻增加(jia)。

9、隔板電阻

隔板的電(dian)阻視其孔(kong)率而(er)異，新電(dian)池的隔板電(dian)阻是趨于一(yi)個固定值(zhi)，但隨電(dian)池運行時間的延長，其電(dian)阻有(you)(you)所(suo)增加。因為，電(dian)池在運行過程中有(you)(you)些鉛渣和(he)其他沉(chen)積物(wu)在隔板上，使得隔板孔(kong)率有(you)(you)所(suo)下降而(er)增加了電(dian)阻。

10、連接體電阻

連接(jie)體(ti)包括單體(ti)電(dian)池串聯時連接(jie)條等金屬的(de)(de)固有電(dian)阻(zu)，電(dian)池極板(ban)間的(de)(de)連接(jie)電(dian)阻(zu)，以及正(zheng)、負(fu)極板(ban)組成極群的(de)(de)連接(jie)體(ti)的(de)(de)金屬電(dian)阻(zu)，若焊(han)接(jie)和連接(jie)接(jie)觸良好，連接(jie)體(ti)電(dian)阻(zu)可(ke)視為一(yi)固定電(dian)阻(zu)。

11、容量

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)單位為庫侖(C)或安時(Ah)。理(li)論容(rong)(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)根據參加電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學反應的(de)(de)活性物質電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學當量(liang)數計算得到的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。額定(ding)(ding)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)在(zai)設計和(he)生產電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時，規定(ding)(ding)或保證在(zai)指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應該放(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)最低限度的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。實際容(rong)(rong)量(liang)指(zhi)在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)條件下(xia)，即(ji)在(zai)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)溫(wen)度下(xia)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)在(zai)終(zhong)止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)前所能放(fang)出(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。

12、比能量

電池的輸出能量是指在一定的放電條件下，蓄電池所能作(zuo)出(chu)的電(dian)功，它等于電(dian)池的放電(dian)容量和(he)電(dian)池平均工作(zuo)電(dian)壓的乘積，其(qi)單位(wei)常用(yong)瓦時(Wh)表示。

13、壽命

電池的壽(shou)命(ming)有(you)“干貯存壽(shou)命(ming)”和“濕貯存壽(shou)命(ming)”兩個(ge)概念。必(bi)須(xu)指出(chu)，這兩個(ge)概念僅(jin)是(shi)針對電池自放(fang)電大(da)小而言的，并(bing)非電池的實際使用期限。電池的真正壽(shou)命(ming)是(shi)指電池實際使用的時間長短。