電動汽車電池壽命一般是多久

目前用在汽車上的動力電池，大致分為鉛酸蓄電池、鋰電池、鎳氫電池。其中鎳氫電池僅豐田的非插電混動車中使用，不適合作為單獨的動力源。鉛酸電池主要運用在低速電動車，也就是俗話說的“老頭樂”；鋰電池是使用最為廣泛的電動汽車電池。鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)根據材料的(de)不(bu)同，又分為(wei)許多(duo)種，目前(qian)應用成熟的(de)主要為(wei)三元鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)和磷酸(suan)鐵(tie)鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)，市(shi)面上采(cai)用鋰(li)電池(chi)(chi)的(de)車型基本都是這(zhe)兩(liang)種電池(chi)(chi)。

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鉛酸蓄(xu)電動汽車電池(chi)其實就(jiu)是一般汽車上的(de)電池(chi)，多塊(kuai)串(chuan)/并(bing)聯以后直接作(zuo)為動力源了。放電電流較，車型都跑不快，最(zui)快速度大概在60公里左(zuo)右(you)，壽命也(ye)比(bi)較短，3年左(zuo)右(you)的(de)周期就(jiu)必(bi)須(xu)更換了。

三(san)元鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池特(te)點是(shi)能量(liang)密度高，同樣體(ti)積重量(liang)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)大。理論上(shang)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)壽命在(zai)(zai)1500次(ci)(ci)左右，實(shi)際(ji)(ji)使(shi)用上(shang)，完(wan)(wan)全(quan)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)在(zai)(zai)800次(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，而控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)(zai)25%-75%的狀態下，實(shi)際(ji)(ji)使(shi)用可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到1200次(ci)(ci)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。完(wan)(wan)全(quan)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)的概念指(zhi)的是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然(ran)后(hou)放(fang)完(wan)(wan)，算(suan)一(yi)個循(xun)環(huan)(huan)。如果每天從100%用到75%，然(ran)后(hou)充(chong)滿，那么(me)4天才算(suan)一(yi)個完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)，壽命可(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到10年。以(yi)(yi)一(yi)般(ban)三(san)元鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動車續航200公(gong)里(li)算(suan)，1次(ci)(ci)完(wan)(wan)整(zheng)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)行駛也在(zai)(zai)180公(gong)里(li)，800次(ci)(ci)循(xun)環(huan)(huan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)走14萬4千公(gong)里(li)，算(suan)上(shang)正常的衰減，12萬公(gong)里(li)也是(shi)沒什么(me)壓力的。

磷酸(suan)鐵鋰電(dian)(dian)池特點(dian)是(shi)(shi)循環壽命長，可(ke)(ke)以達到2000次循環以上。充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)倍率高，也就是(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以有更(geng)(geng)(geng)大的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流。安全性好，彎曲(qu)穿刺高溫(wen)都(dou)沒(mei)問題。缺點(dian)是(shi)(shi)能量密度(du)低(di)一些，同樣的(de)續航需(xu)要使用(yong)更(geng)(geng)(geng)多的(de)電(dian)(dian)池，相應增加(jia)了車重和成(cheng)本；一致(zhi)性差一些，需(xu)要更(geng)(geng)(geng)好的(de)電(dian)(dian)池管理系統；低(di)溫(wen)衰減(jian)比較明顯，0℃時容量會降(jiang)低(di)10%左右(you)，而-20度(du)時容量會降(jiang)低(di)30%左右(you)。

電動汽車電池如何維護呢

1、儲存

蓄電池在存放時嚴禁處于虧電狀態。虧電壯態是指電池使用后沒有及時充電。在虧電狀態存放電池，很容易出現硫酸鹽化，硫酸鉛結晶物附著在極板上，堵塞了電離子通道，造成充電不足，電池容量下降。虧電狀態閑置時間越長，電池損壞越嚴重。因此電池閑置不用時，應每月補充電一次，這樣能較好地保持電動汽車電池保養健康狀態。

2、定期檢驗

在使用過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，如果電動車(che)的(de)續行里程(cheng)(cheng)在短時間內(nei)突然下降很厲害，則(ze)很有可能是(shi)電池組(zu)中(zhong)最少有一塊電池出(chu)現斷格(ge)、極(ji)板軟(ruan)化、極(ji)板活性物(wu)質脫落等短路現象。因此，應(ying)及時到專業電池修(xiu)復機構進行檢查、修(xiu)復或配組(zu)。這樣能相對延長(chang)電池組(zu)的(de)壽(shou)命，最大程(cheng)(cheng)度地節省開支。

3、避免大電流放電

電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)過程中(zhong)，盡量避(bi)免(mian)瞬間大(da)電(dian)流放(fang)(fang)電(dian)。大(da)電(dian)流放(fang)(fang)電(dian)容(rong)易導致產生硫酸(suan)鉛結晶，從而(er)損(sun)害電(dian)池(chi)極(ji)板的物(wu)理性能。

4、掌握充電時間

在使用(yong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，應根(gen)據實際情況準確把握(wo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間，參考平(ping)時(shi)使用(yong)頻率(lv)及行駛里程(cheng)情況，也(ye)要(yao)注意電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)廠(chang)家提供的(de)容量大小(xiao)說明，以及配套充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)性(xing)能、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)大小(xiao)等參數把握(wo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)頻次。一(yi)般情況蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都在夜間進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，平(ping)均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間在8小(xiao)時(shi)左右。若是(shi)淺放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)很(hen)快就會充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿，繼續充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)就會出現過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)現象，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)失水、發熱(re)，降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)。所(suo)以，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)以放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)深度為60%～70%時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)一(yi)次電(dian)(dian)(dian)最佳，實際使用(yong)時(shi)可折(zhe)算成(cheng)騎行里程(cheng)，根(gen)據實際情況進(jin)行必要(yao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，避(bi)免(mian)傷害性(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

5、防止曝曬

電動汽車嚴禁在陽光下曝曬。溫度過高的環境會使蓄電池內部壓力增加而使電(dian)池限壓閥被迫自動開啟，直接后果就(jiu)是(shi)增加電(dian)池的失水(shui)量，而電(dian)池過度失水(shui)必然引發(fa)電(dian)池活性(xing)下降，加速極板軟(ruan)化(hua)，充電(dian)時(shi)殼體發(fa)熱(re)，殼體起鼓(gu)、變形等致命損傷。