蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始(shi)終(zhong)保持(chi)不變(bian)，叫做(zuo)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中由于(yu)(yu)(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸下(xia)降，為保持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不致(zhi)因(yin)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高而減小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必(bi)須逐漸升(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)(yi)維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始(shi)終(zhong)不變(bian)，這對于(yu)(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)自(zi)動化程(cheng)(cheng)度要求(qiu)較高，一般(ban)簡陋的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不能(neng)(neng)滿足恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求(qiu)的(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大答應的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)就(jiu)可以(yi)(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時(shi)間(jian)(jian)上(shang)考慮，采(cai)用(yong)此法(fa)(fa)(fa)有利的(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期(qi)若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)仍不變(bian)，這時(shi)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)大部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸騰狀，這不僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，而且輕易使極(ji)板上(shang)活性物質大量(liang)脫(tuo)落，溫(wen)升(sheng)過(guo)高，造成極(ji)板彎曲，容量(liang)迅速下(xia)降而提前報廢。所以(yi)(yi)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)很少采(cai)用(yong)。

恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持不(bu)(bu)變，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。由于(yu)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持一定，所以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)當大，大大超過(guo)(guo)正(zheng)常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)減小(xiao)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)減至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最小(xiao)甚(shen)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)零。由此可見，采用(yong)恒(heng)(heng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優點在(zai)于(yu)，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大而(er)造成極板活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)脫(tuo)落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失(shi)。但其缺點是，在(zai)剛(gang)開(kai)始(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)體(ti)(ti)積變化(hua)收縮太(tai)快，影(ying)響(xiang)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械強度，致使(shi)其脫(tuo)落。而(er)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)，使(shi)極板深處的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)得不(bu)(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應(ying)，形成長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)(bu)足，影(ying)響(xiang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。所以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)一般只適用(yong)于(yu)無(wu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊(shu)場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。采用(yong)等壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所需(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)2.4～2.8V左(zuo)右，堿性(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)每個(ge)單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)為(wei)(wei)1.6～2.0V左(zuo)右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的缺點而采用的一種方法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之(zhi)間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以調整(zheng)。但有時(shi)最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流受(shou)到(dao)限制，因此隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸(jian)上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻幾乎成為直線衰(shuai)減。有時(shi)使用兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約在2.4V時(shi)，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減少出氣(qi)。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)的(de)特點(dian)，蓄電池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電初期(qi)用(yong)較(jiao)大的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過一段(duan)(duan)時間改(gai)用(yong)較(jiao)小的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)(chong)電后期(qi)改(gai)用(yong)更(geng)小的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不同(tong)階段(duan)(duan)內以不同(tong)的(de)電流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電的(de)方法(fa)，叫(jiao)做階段(duan)(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)。階段(duan)(duan)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電法(fa)，一般可分為(wei)兩個階段(duan)(duan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)，也可分為(wei)多個階段(duan)(duan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。

階段等流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)所(suo)需充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)短，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果也好。由于充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)改用(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)減少(shao)了(le)(le)氣泡對極板(ban)活性(xing)物質的(de)沖(chong)洗，減少(shao)了(le)(le)活性(xing)物質的(de)脫落。這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)能(neng)延長蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽命(ming)，并節省電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底(di)，所(suo)以是(shi)當(dang)前常(chang)用(yong)的(de)一種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一般(ban)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池第一階段以10h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第二階段以20h率(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)的(de)是(shi)非，各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)具體(ti)要求和標準(zhun)不一樣(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或僅在(zai)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)才使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式為(wei)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式。一(yi)(yi)些(xie)特(te)殊場合使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)固定型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一(yi)(yi)般(ban)均(jun)采用(yong)(yong)浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)優點主要在(zai)于(yu)(yu)能減少蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)析氣(qi)率，并(bing)可(ke)防止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)源并(bing)聯供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)輸出大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這有助于(yu)(yu)鎮(zhen)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)點是個別蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不均(jun)衡(heng)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)不足電(dian)(dian)(dian)，所(suo)以(yi)需要進(jin)行定期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)均(jun)衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅度恒(heng)定和周期(qi)恒(heng)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)之(zhi)間有一放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)進(jin)行往(wang)極(ji)化，以(yi)進(jin)步蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)受(shou)能(neng)力。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其脈寬不(bu)受(shou)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。因此，它是一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開環式脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)易使(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池布滿容量，但假(jia)如不(bu)增加(jia)防止過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護(hu)裝置，輕(qing)易造成強(qiang)烈的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影(ying)響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命。在這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)，固(gu)然整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均加(jia)有往(wang)極(ji)化措施，但是這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)往(wang)極(ji)化措施，難于適合充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是：在(zai)整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅值和(he)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出氣(qi)率始(shi)終(zhong)保持不變。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程初期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)略(lve)低(di)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)初始(shi)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)接(jie)受(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸減小，所以(yi)(yi)經(jing)過一段時(shi)(shi)間后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)超過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)接(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因而蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內將(jiang)產生(sheng)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)體(ti)，出氣(qi)率明(ming)顯增(zeng)加。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)，氣(qi)體(ti)檢(jian)測元件(jian)能夠及時(shi)(shi)發出控(kong)制信號，迫(po)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進行短時(shi)(shi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)極化作用很快消失，因而出氣(qi)率可(ke)以(yi)(yi)始(shi)終(zhong)保持在(zai)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預(yu)定值內。目(mu)前，國外有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案。國內因缺少氣(qi)體(ti)敏(min)感元件(jian)， 對這(zhe)種(zhong)方法很少研究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)特點是，以恒(heng)定大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待(dai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到一(yi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（相當于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣(qi)點的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）時，停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)進行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極化，然后再以恒(heng)定大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交(jiao)替地進行。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的(de)頻率(lv)隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)增加(jia)而增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的(de)寬(kuan)度隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)增加(jia)而減少(shao)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相等時，表(biao)示(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即(ji)結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這種方(fang)(fang)法，國(guo)內外都有(you)多種方(fang)(fang)案(an)來實現蓄電(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。這種方(fang)(fang)法，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期(qi)無往極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施。在(zai)加有(you)往極(ji)化(hua)措(cuo)施后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)寬度不斷減小，使得充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流均勻值下降較快(kuai)，延長了(le)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的改進(jin)。它是(shi)以恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（如(ru)IC）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)（單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如(ru)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流2～3C，脈(mo)沖(chong)寬度(du)為1ms），然后(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加有(you)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)脈(mo)沖(chong)以后(hou)，用積分器件門路形跟蹤(zong)調高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提升出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以加快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)和進(jin)步布滿(man)程度(du)。其它和定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)相同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的特點是，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓幅值保持恒定，隨(sui)著充電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行(xing)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)勢逐(zhu)漸(jian)上升，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅值逐(zhu)漸(jian)減小，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的頻(pin)率恒定，在兩個充電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)之(zhi)間加(jia)有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極化脈沖(chong)。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的(de)特點是，根據蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中的(de)極化情況選(xuan)(xuan)擇充放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)頻率(lv)，并(bing)在充電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)將(jiang)蓄電(dian)(dian)池端(duan)電(dian)(dian)壓限(xian)定在預選(xuan)(xuan)的(de)數值(zhi)，使出氣率(lv)限(xian)制(zhi)在一定的(de)容許值(zhi)。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方法的特點是(shi)，在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)過程(cheng)都適(shi)時(shi)加有往(wang)極化的放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖后(hou)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流恢復之前，均進行往(wang)極化效(xiao)果(guo)檢測，達(da)到一定往(wang)極化效(xiao)果(guo)再轉回(hui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則再次進行往(wang)極化放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至達(da)到往(wang)極化要(yao)求的效(xiao)果(guo)才轉回(hui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣，可使往(wang)極措施適(shi)應(ying)全(quan)過程(cheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方案能有效(xiao)地將氣(qi)體析出(chu)量抑制在(zai)很小的數值內(nei)。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目(mu)前(qian)的航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用階段恒流充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。一般(ban)酸性航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用恒流兩階段充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。堿性航空(kong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用恒流兩階段充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)或恒流一階段充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。但(dan)這(zhe)種充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)在充電(dian)(dian)中間(jian)階段闊別了充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流接(jie)受率曲線，所以三階段充電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)更好(hao)一點(dian)。

三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法是(shi)兩(liang)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法和恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相結合的(de)方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和結束時采(cai)(cai)用恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段為恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期用較大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，經過(guo)(guo)一段時間(jian)改為恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流衰減(jian)到(dao)預定(ding)(ding)值時，由(you)第(di)二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段轉到(dao)第(di)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段。采(cai)(cai)用三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)優點是(shi)：避免了恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流過(guo)(guo)大(da)，而后(hou)期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流又過(guo)(guo)小的(de)情況，比二階(jie)(jie)(jie)段等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段更(geng)接近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流接受(shou)率曲線。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法減(jian)少了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹(che)底，延長了蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命。三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化曲線如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒定大(da)(da)電流充電，當(dang)(dang)充到蓄(xu)電池的出氣電壓時，停止充電并進(jin)(jin)行放(fang)電，然后進(jin)(jin)行大(da)(da)電流充電，充放(fang)電過程依(yi)次交(jiao)替進(jin)(jin)行。放(fang)電脈(mo)沖的寬(kuan)(kuan)度隨充進(jin)(jin)電量(liang)增加(jia)，充電脈(mo)沖寬(kuan)(kuan)度隨充進(jin)(jin)電量(liang)增加(jia)而減小。當(dang)(dang)充電量(liang)和放(fang)電量(liang)基(ji)本相等時，表明蓄(xu)電池已基(ji)本布滿，立即(ji)結束充電。

地(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上已有(you)這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其(qi)工作(zuo)過程是(shi)(shi)三相(xiang)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)接觸器、變(bian)壓器及(ji)可(ke)控(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓達到(dao)(dao)出(chu)氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)(shi)，經(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓傳感(gan)器檢測并(bing)發出(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。此信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態控(kong)制(zhi)器轉(zhuan)為(wei)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，并(bing)發出(chu)三個控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。第(di)(di)一(yi)個控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)關(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)發生器的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)。第(di)(di)二控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)往(wang)極化信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，它經(jing)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延(yan)時(shi)(shi)（t1-t2）后，發出(chu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，打(da)開(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)向放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)經(jing)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延(yan)時(shi)(shi)（t2- t3）后，發出(chu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)，結束放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次(ci)重復進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，直至充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束。第(di)(di)三個控(kong)制(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)送(song)給(gei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計時(shi)(shi)器，使(shi)其(qi)從第(di)(di)一(yi)次(ci)往(wang)極化放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)計時(shi)(shi)，到(dao)(dao)預定的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間后結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關(guan)機。用(yong)這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波(bo)形如圖2所示(shi)。上述兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法是(shi)(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)改(gai)進方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向。我國采用(yong)的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案很(hen)多，性(xing)能差異(yi)很(hen)大。各種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命影響(xiang)也大不相(xiang)同。這(zhe)兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法在(zai)理論上比較適合對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要求。

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