蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始(shi)終保(bao)持不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中由于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸下降(jiang)(jiang)，為保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)(bu)致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)而減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)必須逐漸升(sheng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，以維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始(shi)終不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備的(de)(de)自動化(hua)程(cheng)度(du)要求較高(gao)(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般簡陋(lou)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備是不(bu)(bu)能滿足恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)最大(da)答應(ying)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況下，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)就可以縮短(duan)。若(ruo)從(cong)時間(jian)上(shang)考慮(lv)，采用此法(fa)有利的(de)(de)。但在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不(bu)(bu)變(bian)(bian)，這(zhe)時由于大(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多而顯沸騰(teng)狀，這(zhe)不(bu)(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且輕易使極板(ban)上(shang)活性物質大(da)量脫落，溫(wen)升(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)(gao)(gao)，造成極板(ban)彎曲，容量迅速下降(jiang)(jiang)而提前報(bao)廢。所以，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)很少采用。

恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持不(bu)變(bian)，叫做(zuo)恒定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或(huo)等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。由于恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)(shi)至(zhi)后(hou)期(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)始(shi)(shi)終保持一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)，所(suo)以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相當大(da)，大(da)大(da)超過正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)。但隨著(zhu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)逐(zhu)漸升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸減小。當蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)相等(deng)(deng)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減至(zhi)最小甚至(zhi)為零(ling)。由此可見，采用(yong)(yong)恒壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)在(zai)于，可以避免充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)而造成極板(ban)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質脫(tuo)落和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)(de)損失。但其缺點(dian)是，在(zai)剛開始(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質體(ti)積變(bian)化收縮太快，影響(xiang)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質的(de)(de)機(ji)械強度，致使其脫(tuo)落。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過小，使極板(ban)深處的(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)物質得不(bu)到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期(qi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)足，影響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命。所(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法一(yi)(yi)般只適用(yong)(yong)于無(wu)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備較簡陋的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)式(shi)的(de)(de)小蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。采用(yong)(yong)等(deng)(deng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法給蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為2.4～2.8V左右，堿性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)每(mei)個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)為1.6～2.0V左右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)缺(que)點而(er)采用(yong)的(de)一種方法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之間串聯(lian)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調整。但有時最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制，因此隨充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行(xing)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸上升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎成為直(zhi)線(xian)衰(shuai)減(jian)。有時使用(yong)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)，約(yue)在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以減(jian)少出(chu)氣。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)的(de)特點，蓄電(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)初期(qi)用(yong)較大的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，經過一段時(shi)間改(gai)用(yong)較小的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，至充(chong)(chong)電(dian)后(hou)期(qi)改(gai)用(yong)更小的(de)電(dian)流(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)段內以不同的(de)電(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)方法(fa)，叫(jiao)做階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)法(fa)，一般可分(fen)為(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)段進行(xing)，也可分(fen)為(wei)多個階(jie)(jie)段進行(xing)。

階(jie)段等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果(guo)也好。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期改用較小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)(yang)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)了(le)氣泡對極板(ban)活性物質的(de)(de)(de)沖洗，減(jian)(jian)少(shao)了(le)活性物質的(de)(de)(de)脫落。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)能延長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使(shi)用壽命，并(bing)節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以(yi)是當前常用的(de)(de)(de)一種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)。一般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池第一階(jie)段以(yi)10h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，第二階(jie)段以(yi)20h率電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。各階(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)(de)是非，各種蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)具體要求和標準不一樣(yang)(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇使用的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)僅在交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)才使用的(de)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其(qi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式為浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式。一些特殊場合使用的(de)固(gu)定型蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一般均采用浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)優點(dian)主(zhu)要在于(yu)能(neng)減(jian)少蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)析氣率，并(bing)可(ke)防止過充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)瞬時(shi)輸出大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這有助于(yu)鎮(zhen)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常。浮充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)缺點(dian)是個別(bie)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)均衡(heng)和(he)充(chong)(chong)不(bu)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要進(jin)行定期(qi)的(de)均衡(heng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)特點是(shi)，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流幅度恒定(ding)(ding)和周期恒定(ding)(ding)的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)之間有(you)一放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)進行往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)，以(yi)進步蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受(shou)能力。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流及其脈(mo)寬(kuan)不(bu)受(shou)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)影響。因此，它是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開環(huan)式脈(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)易使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)布滿容量，但(dan)假如(ru)不(bu)增(zeng)加(jia)防止(zhi)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)保護裝置，輕(qing)易造成強烈(lie)的(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)使用(yong)壽命(ming)。在這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)中(zhong)，固(gu)然整個充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程均加(jia)有(you)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，但(dan)是(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)的(de)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，難于(yu)適合充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過(guo)程的(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是：在整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅值和蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出氣率始終保持(chi)不變。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程初(chu)(chu)期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)略低(di)于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初(chu)(chu)始接(jie)受(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中(zhong)，由于蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可接(jie)受(shou)(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，所以(yi)(yi)經過(guo)一段時間后，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)將超過(guo)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可接(jie)受(shou)(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，因(yin)而蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內將產生(sheng)較多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣體(ti)，出氣率明顯增(zeng)加。此時，氣體(ti)檢測元件能夠及(ji)時發出控制信號，迫使蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停(ting)止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，進行短時放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)樣蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)極化作用很(hen)快消失，因(yin)而出氣率可以(yi)(yi)始終保持(chi)在較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預定值內。目前，國外有這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)案。國內因(yin)缺少氣體(ti)敏感元件， 對這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)很(hen)少研究(jiu)。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的特點(dian)是，以恒定(ding)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（相(xiang)當于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點(dian)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）時，停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)(jin)行(xing)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（或小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化，然(ran)后再以恒定(ding)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程交替地進(jin)(jin)行(xing)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的頻率隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的增(zeng)加而增(zeng)加，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的寬度(du)隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)人(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的增(zeng)加而減少(shao)。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量基本相(xiang)等(deng)時，表示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這種(zhong)方法，國內外(wai)都(dou)有多(duo)種(zhong)方案(an)來實現蓄電池快速充(chong)電。這種(zhong)方法，充(chong)電初期無往極(ji)化措施。在加有往極(ji)化措施后充(chong)電脈沖(chong)寬度不(bu)斷減小，使得充(chong)電電流(liu)均勻值下降較快，延長了充(chong)電時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法(fa)是定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化(hua)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的改進(jin)。它(ta)是以恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（如(ru)IC）充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)后（單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如(ru)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流2～3C，脈(mo)沖寬度(du)為1ms），然后再充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從(cong)加(jia)有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極(ji)化(hua)脈(mo)沖以后，用積分(fen)器件門路形跟蹤(zong)調高充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（提(ti)升出氣點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)），以加(jia)快充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度(du)和進(jin)步布滿(man)程度(du)。其它(ta)和定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)法(fa)相同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的特點是(shi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓幅值保持恒定(ding)(ding)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢逐漸上(shang)升(sheng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅值逐漸減小，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的頻率恒定(ding)(ding)，在兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)之間加(jia)有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化脈(mo)沖(chong)。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的特點是，根(gen)據蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)過程中的極化(hua)情況選擇充(chong)放電(dian)脈沖的頻率，并(bing)在充(chong)電(dian)后期將蓄電(dian)池端電(dian)壓限(xian)定在預選的數值(zhi)，使出氣(qi)率限(xian)制在一定的容(rong)許值(zhi)。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的(de)特點是(shi)，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)全過程都適時加有往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化的(de)放電(dian)(dian)脈沖，在放電(dian)(dian)脈沖后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流恢復之前(qian)，均進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化效果檢測，達(da)(da)到一定往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化效果再(zai)轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，否(fou)則(ze)再(zai)次進(jin)行往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化放電(dian)(dian)，直(zhi)至達(da)(da)到往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)化要(yao)求的(de)效果才轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這樣(yang)，可使往(wang)(wang)(wang)極(ji)(ji)措施適應全過程。這種方(fang)案能(neng)有效地將(jiang)氣(qi)體析出量抑制在很小的(de)數值內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目(mu)前(qian)的航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用階段(duan)恒(heng)流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。一般(ban)酸性航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采用恒(heng)流兩階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。堿性航空蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)采用恒(heng)流兩階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或恒(heng)流一階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。但這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中間(jian)階段(duan)闊別(bie)了充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流接(jie)受率曲線，所以三階段(duan)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)更(geng)好(hao)一點。

三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法是(shi)兩階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法和恒定等(deng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法相結合的(de)方式(shi)。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和結束時(shi)(shi)采用恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，中間階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)為恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)用較大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經(jing)過一段(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)間改為恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)衰減到預定值時(shi)(shi)，由第二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉到第三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。采用三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)優點是(shi)：避免(mian)了恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)，而(er)后(hou)期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過小的(de)情況，比二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在中間階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)更接近(jin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率曲線(xian)。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法減少了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，延長了蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池使用壽命。三階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化曲線(xian)如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的出(chu)氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后(hou)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程依次(ci)交(jiao)替(ti)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)的寬度隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)寬度隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)增加(jia)而減小。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相等時，表(biao)明蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已基(ji)本(ben)布(bu)滿(man)，立即結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

地方(fang)(fang)上已有這種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，其工作過程是三相(xiang)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)接觸器(qi)、變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)及(ji)可控(kong)(kong)(kong)硅(gui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達(da)到出(chu)(chu)(chu)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)(shi)，經(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感器(qi)檢測并發出(chu)(chu)(chu)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。此(ci)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)使充(chong)、放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)轉為停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并發出(chu)(chu)(chu)三個(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第一(yi)個(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是關(guan)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)發生(sheng)器(qi)的(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。第二控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是開(kai)始(shi)往極化信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，它經(jing)過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停止(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延(yan)時(shi)(shi)（t1-t2）后(hou)(hou)，發出(chu)(chu)(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)脈沖(chong)，打開(kai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)關(guan)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)開(kai)始(shi)向放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并經(jing)過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延(yan)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延(yan)時(shi)(shi)（t2- t3）后(hou)(hou)，發出(chu)(chu)(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)脈沖(chong)，結(jie)束(shu)(shu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次重復進行(xing)充(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，直至(zhi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)。第三個(ge)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)送給(gei)開(kai)始(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計時(shi)(shi)器(qi)，使其從第一(yi)次往極化放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)始(shi)計時(shi)(shi)，到預(yu)定的(de)時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)(hou)結(jie)束(shu)(shu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關(guan)機。用這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波(bo)形如圖(tu)2所示。上述兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法的(de)改進方(fang)(fang)向。我(wo)國(guo)采用的(de)快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)案很(hen)多，性能(neng)差異很(hen)大(da)。各種(zhong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)壽命影(ying)響(xiang)也大(da)不(bu)相(xiang)同。這兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法在理(li)論上比較適合對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)要求。

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