蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)保(bao)持不變(bian)，叫做恒(heng)(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，簡稱恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法或等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)由(you)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)逐漸(jian)下(xia)降，為保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不致因蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高(gao)而(er)減小(xiao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必須逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)始終(zhong)不變(bian)，這對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)自動化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度要求較高(gao)，一(yi)般簡陋的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)是不能滿(man)足恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)(de)。恒(heng)(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)最大答應的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)情況(kuang)下(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越大，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間就可以(yi)縮(suo)短。若從時(shi)間上考慮，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)法有利的(de)(de)。但在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期若充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)仍不變(bian)，這時(shi)由(you)于大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)水上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液出氣(qi)泡過(guo)多而(er)顯沸騰狀，這不僅消耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)且(qie)輕易使極(ji)板(ban)上活性物質大量脫落，溫升(sheng)過(guo)高(gao)，造(zao)成極(ji)板(ban)彎曲，容量迅(xun)速下(xia)降而(er)提前報廢。所以(yi)，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法很少采用(yong)(yong)(yong)。

恒定電壓充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)保持不變(bian)，叫做恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由(you)于恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)至(zhi)后期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始(shi)終(zhong)保持一定(ding)，所(suo)以在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)當大，大大超過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)值。但隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進(jin)行，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸(jian)升高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)減(jian)小(xiao)。當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)減(jian)至(zhi)最小(xiao)甚(shen)至(zhi)為(wei)零(ling)。由(you)此可見(jian)，采用恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)優點在于，可以避免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大而造成極板活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)脫落(luo)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)損失。但其缺點是，在剛開(kai)(kai)始(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)體(ti)(ti)積變(bian)化收縮太快，影(ying)響活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)機械強度，致使其脫落(luo)。而在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過(guo)小(xiao)，使極板深處的(de)活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)得(de)不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足(zu)，影(ying)響蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽(shou)命。所(suo)以這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一般(ban)只適用于無配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備或充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備較簡陋的(de)特殊場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號(hao)至(zhi)5號(hao)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)式的(de)小(xiao)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采用等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為補(bu)救恒定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)缺點而采用的(de)(de)一種方法。即在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池之(zhi)間串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可以調整。但(dan)有時最大充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)受到限制(zhi)，因此隨(sui)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)卻幾乎(hu)成為直(zhi)線衰減。有時使用兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值，約(yue)在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)轉換到高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，以減少出氣。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)和(he)恒(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)特(te)點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初(chu)期(qi)用(yong)較(jiao)大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經(jing)過一(yi)段時間改用(yong)較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，至充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期(qi)改用(yong)更小(xiao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，即不同階(jie)(jie)段內以不同的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，叫做階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)，一(yi)般可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)兩個階(jie)(jie)段進行，也(ye)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)多個階(jie)(jie)段進行。

階段等流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法所需充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間短，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效果也好。由于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用較小電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣減少了(le)(le)氣泡對極板活(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)(de)沖洗(xi)，減少了(le)(le)活(huo)性物(wu)質的(de)(de)脫落。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法能延長蓄電(dian)(dian)池使用壽命(ming)，并節省電(dian)(dian)能，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以是(shi)當前常(chang)用的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法。一(yi)(yi)般蓄電(dian)(dian)池第(di)一(yi)(yi)階段以10h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)流進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第(di)二階段以20h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)流進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各(ge)階段充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間的(de)(de)是(shi)非，各(ge)種(zhong)蓄電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)具(ju)體要(yao)求和標準不一(yi)(yi)樣。

浮充電法

間歇使用(yong)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)或(huo)僅在(zai)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時才使用(yong)的(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)式為浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式。一(yi)些特殊場合(he)使用(yong)的(de)(de)固定型蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般均采用(yong)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)優點主(zhu)要在(zai)于(yu)能減少(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)析氣率，并(bing)可防止過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同(tong)時由于(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)同(tong)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并(bing)聯供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)瞬時輸出(chu)大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，這有助于(yu)鎮靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常(chang)。浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)缺點是個別(bie)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)均衡(heng)和(he)充(chong)不(bu)足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要進行(xing)定期的(de)(de)均衡(heng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)，以電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)幅度恒(heng)定和周(zhou)期恒(heng)定的(de)(de)脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)對蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖之間有一放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖進行往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)，以進步蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)及其脈寬不受蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)(de)影響(xiang)。因此，它是(shi)一種(zhong)開環式脈沖充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法易(yi)使蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)布滿容量(liang)，但假(jia)如不增加(jia)(jia)防止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝置，輕易(yi)造(zao)成強烈(lie)的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命。在這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法中，固然整(zheng)個(ge)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)均(jun)加(jia)(jia)有往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)措施，但是(shi)這種(zhong)固定的(de)(de)往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)措施，難于適合充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)特(te)點是：在(zai)整個(ge)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈沖的(de)幅(fu)值和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率始終(zhong)保(bao)持不變。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程初(chu)期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流略(lve)低于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)初(chu)始接(jie)(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，由于(yu)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可接(jie)(jie)(jie)受(shou)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流逐漸減小，所(suo)以經過(guo)一段時間(jian)后，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流將(jiang)超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)可接(jie)(jie)(jie)受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，因而(er)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)將(jiang)產生較(jiao)多(duo)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率明顯增加(jia)。此時，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)檢測(ce)元(yuan)件能(neng)夠及時發出控(kong)制信號(hao)，迫(po)使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進(jin)行短(duan)時放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這樣蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的(de)極化作用很快消失，因而(er)出氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率可以始終(zhong)保(bao)持在(zai)較(jiao)低的(de)預(yu)定(ding)值內(nei)。目(mu)前，國外有這樣的(de)方案(an)。國內(nei)因缺少氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)敏感(gan)元(yuan)件， 對這種方法(fa)很少研究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)特點是，以恒定(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待充(chong)(chong)(chong)到一定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（相當于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）時，停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行(xing)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（或(huo)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化，然(ran)后再(zai)以恒定(ding)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依(yi)此，充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交替地進(jin)行(xing)。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)頻率隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)增加(jia)而增加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)寬度隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)增加(jia)而減(jian)少。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和(he)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本相等(deng)時，表示(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已(yi)布滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這(zhe)種(zhong)方法，國(guo)內外都有多(duo)種(zhong)方案來實(shi)現蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)方法，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期無(wu)往極化(hua)措(cuo)施。在(zai)加有往極化(hua)措(cuo)施后充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度不(bu)斷減小(xiao)，使得充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)均勻(yun)值下降較(jiao)快，延(yan)長(chang)了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種方法(fa)是定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極化(hua)快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)的(de)改進。它(ta)是以恒定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)（如IC）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后(hou)（單(dan)格(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)2～3C，脈沖(chong)寬度(du)為1ms），然后(hou)再充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加有放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往(wang)極化(hua)脈沖(chong)以后(hou)，用積分(fen)器件門路(lu)形跟蹤調高充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提升出氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以加快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速度(du)和進步布滿程度(du)。其(qi)它(ta)和定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法(fa)相(xiang)同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種(zhong)方法的(de)特點是，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)幅值(zhi)保持(chi)恒定(ding)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢逐(zhu)漸上升，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅值(zhi)逐(zhu)漸減小，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)頻率恒定(ding)，在兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖之間加有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化脈(mo)沖。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方法的特點是(shi)，根據蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程中(zhong)的極化情況(kuang)選擇(ze)充(chong)放電(dian)(dian)脈沖的頻率(lv)，并在(zai)(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期將蓄電(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)壓限定在(zai)(zai)預選的數值，使出氣率(lv)限制在(zai)(zai)一定的容許值。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)的特點是，在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)全(quan)過程都適(shi)時加有(you)往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)的放(fang)電(dian)脈沖(chong)，在(zai)放(fang)電(dian)脈沖(chong)后充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流恢復之前(qian)，均進行(xing)往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)檢測，達到(dao)(dao)一定往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)再轉回充(chong)電(dian)，否則再次進行(xing)往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)放(fang)電(dian)，直至達到(dao)(dao)往極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)要求的效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)才轉回充(chong)電(dian)，這(zhe)樣，可使往極(ji)(ji)措(cuo)施適(shi)應全(quan)過程。這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)案能有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)地將氣體(ti)析出量(liang)抑制在(zai)很(hen)小的數(shu)值內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目(mu)前的航(hang)(hang)空蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用(yong)階(jie)(jie)段恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。一般酸性(xing)(xing)航(hang)(hang)空蓄電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)兩階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)航(hang)(hang)空蓄電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)兩階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法或恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)一階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法。但這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)中間階(jie)(jie)段闊別了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接受(shou)率曲線(xian)，所以(yi)三階(jie)(jie)段充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法更好一點。

三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)是(shi)兩(liang)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)和(he)恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)等壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)相結(jie)(jie)合的(de)方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和(he)結(jie)(jie)束時(shi)(shi)采用恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)為恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期用較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，經(jing)過一段(duan)(duan)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)改(gai)為恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)衰減到(dao)預定(ding)(ding)(ding)值時(shi)(shi)，由(you)第二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉到(dao)第三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。采用三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)優點是(shi)：避免了恒定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大，而后期電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)又過小的(de)情況，比二階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)中間(jian)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)更接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接(jie)受(shou)率曲(qu)線。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)減少了充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣(qi)量(liang)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，延長了蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用壽命(ming)。三(san)(san)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變化曲(qu)線如圖(tu)1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒定大電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)到蓄電(dian)(dian)池的出氣(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓時，停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，然后進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)依次交(jiao)替進(jin)行。放(fang)電(dian)(dian)脈沖的寬度(du)隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度(du)隨充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)而減小。當(dang)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)基本相等時，表明蓄電(dian)(dian)池已(yi)基本布滿，立即結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。

地方(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)已有這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)，其工作過程(cheng)是三(san)(san)相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經接觸器、變壓(ya)(ya)器及可控(kong)硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達到(dao)出(chu)氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)(shi)，經過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)傳感器檢測并發出(chu)信(xin)號(hao)。此信(xin)號(hao)使(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器轉為停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并發出(chu)三(san)(san)個控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)。第一個控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)是關(guan)斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖發生器的(de)信(xin)號(hao)。第二控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)是開(kai)(kai)始(shi)往極化信(xin)號(hao)，它經過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)(shi)（t1-t2）后(hou)，發出(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)脈(mo)沖，打開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池開(kai)(kai)始(shi)向放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并經過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)(shi)（t2- t3）后(hou)，發出(chu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關(guan)脈(mo)沖，結束(shu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次(ci)重復進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)，直至充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。第三(san)(san)個控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)號(hao)送給開(kai)(kai)始(shi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)器，使(shi)其從第一次(ci)往極化放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)計(ji)時(shi)(shi)，到(dao)預定(ding)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間后(hou)結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關(guan)機。用這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流波形如(ru)圖2所示。上(shang)述兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法是蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法的(de)改進方(fang)(fang)(fang)向。我(wo)國采用的(de)快速(su)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案很多，性能差異(yi)很大(da)。各(ge)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)壽命影響也大(da)不相(xiang)同。這兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)法在理(li)論上(shang)比較適合對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)要求(qiu)。

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