蓄電池常用的充電方法

恒定電流充電法

在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終保(bao)持不(bu)變，叫做恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或等流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中由(you)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐(zhu)漸(jian)下(xia)(xia)降，為保(bao)持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不(bu)致因蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓升(sheng)高而(er)減(jian)小，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程必(bi)須逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，以(yi)維持充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)始終不(bu)變，這(zhe)對于充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)(de)自(zi)動化(hua)程度要求較(jiao)高，一般簡陋的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備是不(bu)能滿足恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要求的(de)(de)。恒(heng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，在蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池最大(da)(da)答應的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)情況下(xia)(xia)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da)(da)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間就可以(yi)縮短。若(ruo)從時間上(shang)考(kao)慮，采用此法(fa)有利的(de)(de)。但在充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后期若(ruo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)仍不(bu)變，這(zhe)時由(you)于大(da)(da)部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水(shui)上(shang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液出氣泡過(guo)多(duo)而(er)顯沸騰狀，這(zhe)不(bu)僅消耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而(er)且輕易使極板上(shang)活性物質大(da)(da)量脫落(luo)，溫升(sheng)過(guo)高，造成極板彎曲，容量迅速下(xia)(xia)降而(er)提前報廢。所(suo)以(yi)，這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)很少采用。

恒定電壓充電法

在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始終保持(chi)不變(bian)(bian)，叫做恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)，簡稱恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)或(huo)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。由于恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始至(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)期，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)始終保持(chi)一(yi)定(ding)，所(suo)以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始時(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)當(dang)大(da)，大(da)大(da)超(chao)過(guo)正常充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)值。但(dan)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)進行，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸升高(gao)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)逐漸減(jian)小。當(dang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)相(xiang)(xiang)等時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)減(jian)至(zhi)(zhi)最小甚至(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)零。由此可見(jian)，采用恒壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于，可以(yi)避免(mian)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)而造成(cheng)(cheng)極(ji)板(ban)活性物(wu)質(zhi)脫落和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)損失。但(dan)其(qi)缺(que)點(dian)是，在(zai)剛(gang)開始充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)活性物(wu)質(zhi)體(ti)積變(bian)(bian)化收縮太(tai)快，影響(xiang)活性物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)機械強度，致使其(qi)脫落。而在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)又過(guo)小，使極(ji)板(ban)深處的(de)(de)(de)活性物(wu)質(zhi)得不到充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)反應，形成(cheng)(cheng)長期充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不足，影響(xiang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命。所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)一(yi)般只適用于無(wu)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備或(huo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備較簡陋的(de)(de)(de)特殊場合，如汽車上蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，1號至(zhi)(zhi)5號干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)式的(de)(de)(de)小蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)均采用等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)。采用等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)給蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，所(suo)需電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)：酸性蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)2.4～2.8V左右，堿性蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)每個單體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)為(wei)1.6～2.0V左右。

有固定電阻的恒定電壓充電

為(wei)補救恒(heng)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)缺(que)點而采用的(de)(de)一種方法。即在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)之間(jian)串聯一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，這樣(yang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初(chu)期的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可以(yi)調整。但(dan)有時最大充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流受到(dao)限制，因此隨(sui)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程的(de)(de)進行，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸(jian)上升(sheng)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流卻(que)幾乎成為(wei)直線衰減(jian)。有時使(shi)用兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值，約在2.4V時，從低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻轉換(huan)到(dao)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，以(yi)減(jian)少出氣(qi)。

階段等流充電法

綜合恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)的特點，蓄電(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)初期用(yong)較大的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，經過一(yi)段(duan)時間(jian)改用(yong)較小的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，至(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)更(geng)小的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，即不同(tong)階(jie)段(duan)內以不同(tong)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)進行恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)的方(fang)法(fa)，叫做階(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)。階(jie)段(duan)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)，一(yi)般可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)兩個階(jie)段(duan)進行，也可(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)多個階(jie)段(duan)進行。

階段等(deng)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)所需充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間短，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)果也好。由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)后期改用(yong)較小電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)樣(yang)減少了(le)氣泡對極(ji)板活性物質的(de)沖(chong)洗(xi)，減少了(le)活性物質的(de)脫(tuo)落(luo)。這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)能(neng)(neng)延(yan)長(chang)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池使用(yong)壽命，并節(jie)省電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)又徹底，所以(yi)(yi)是當前常(chang)用(yong)的(de)一種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)。一般蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池第一階段以(yi)(yi)10h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，第二階段以(yi)(yi)20h率(lv)(lv)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)。各階段充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)時(shi)間的(de)是非，各種(zhong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)具體(ti)要求(qiu)和標(biao)準不(bu)一樣(yang)。

浮充電法

間歇(xie)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)或(huo)僅在交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)才使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式(shi)為浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)。一些特殊場合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的固定(ding)型蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)一般(ban)均(jun)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法對(dui)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的優點主要(yao)在于(yu)(yu)能減少(shao)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的析氣率，并可防止過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，同時(shi)(shi)由于(yu)(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)同直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并聯供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)瞬(shun)時(shi)(shi)輸(shu)出大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這有(you)助于(yu)(yu)鎮靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系統(tong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)常(chang)。浮充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法的缺(que)點是個別蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不均(jun)衡和充(chong)不足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，所以需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)定(ding)期的均(jun)衡充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

蓄電池的快速充電方法

定電流定周期快速充電法

這種(zhong)方法的(de)(de)特(te)點是(shi)，以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)幅(fu)度恒定和周期(qi)恒定的(de)(de)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，兩個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)之間有一放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)進行往極化，以(yi)進步蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)接受能力。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)及其(qi)脈(mo)(mo)寬不受蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)影響。因此，它是(shi)一種(zhong)開環式脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法易使蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)布滿容量，但(dan)假如不增加防止過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)保護(hu)裝置，輕易造成強烈的(de)(de)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，影響蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)。在這種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法中(zhong)，固然(ran)整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程(cheng)均加有往極化措施(shi)(shi)，但(dan)是(shi)這種(zhong)固定的(de)(de)往極化措施(shi)(shi)，難于適合充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)全過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)(de)要求。

定電流定出氣率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的(de)(de)特點是：在整個充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)幅(fu)值和蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率始終(zhong)保(bao)持不(bu)變。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)初期(qi)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)略低(di)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)初始接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中，由于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受(shou)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)逐漸(jian)減小，所以經過一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間后，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)將(jiang)超過蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)接受(shou)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因(yin)而(er)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內將(jiang)產生較多的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)，出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率明顯增加(jia)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)檢測元件能夠及時(shi)(shi)(shi)發出(chu)(chu)控(kong)制信號，迫使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)，進(jin)行短時(shi)(shi)(shi)放電(dian)(dian)。這樣蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的(de)(de)極(ji)化作用很快消失(shi)，因(yin)而(er)出(chu)(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)率可(ke)(ke)(ke)以始終(zhong)保(bao)持在較低(di)的(de)(de)預定值內。目前(qian)，國外有這樣的(de)(de)方(fang)案。國內因(yin)缺少(shao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)敏(min)感元件， 對這種方(fang)法很少(shao)研(yan)究。

定電流定電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)種充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法的(de)(de)特點是(shi)，以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，待充到一定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓（相當(dang)于蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池出氣點的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）時，停(ting)止充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（或(huo)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流）放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化(hua)，然后再以(yi)恒(heng)定大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，依此(ci)，充放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程交替地進(jin)行。放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)(de)頻率隨充人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加而增(zeng)加，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的(de)(de)寬(kuan)度隨充人電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加而減少。當(dang)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)和放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相等時，表示蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池已布滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，立即(ji)結(jie)束充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

根據這種(zhong)方(fang)法，國內外都(dou)有多種(zhong)方(fang)案(an)來實(shi)現(xian)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池快(kuai)速充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種(zhong)方(fang)法，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)無往極化措(cuo)施。在加有往極化措(cuo)施后(hou)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度不斷減小(xiao)，使得充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流均勻(yun)值下(xia)降較快(kuai)，延(yan)長(chang)了充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間。

定電流提升電壓脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法是定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)脈沖(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法的改進(jin)。它(ta)(ta)是以(yi)恒(heng)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流（如IC）充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)達(da)到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)后（單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)2.35～2.5V）時，停止充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（如放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流2～3C，脈沖(chong)寬度為1ms），然后再(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……從加(jia)(jia)有放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)往極化脈沖(chong)以(yi)后，用積(ji)分器件門路形(xing)跟蹤調高(gao)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（提升出氣(qi)點電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)），以(yi)加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度和(he)進(jin)步布滿程(cheng)度。其它(ta)(ta)和(he)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)法相同。

定電壓定頻率脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種(zhong)方法的特點是，充電脈(mo)(mo)沖的電壓幅值(zhi)保持(chi)恒(heng)定(ding)，隨著充電過(guo)程的進行，蓄電池電動勢逐漸上升，充電電流幅值(zhi)逐漸減小(xiao)，充電脈(mo)(mo)沖電流的頻率恒(heng)定(ding)，在兩個充電脈(mo)(mo)沖之間(jian)加有放電往極化脈(mo)(mo)沖。

端電壓和充放電頻率選擇脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這種方(fang)法的(de)(de)特(te)點是，根(gen)據蓄電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)極(ji)化(hua)情況選擇充放電(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)的(de)(de)頻率(lv)(lv)，并在充電(dian)后期將蓄電(dian)池(chi)端電(dian)壓限(xian)定在預選的(de)(de)數值，使出氣率(lv)(lv)限(xian)制在一定的(de)(de)容許值。

適應全過程往極化脈沖充電放電往極化充電法

這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方法(fa)的(de)(de)特點是，在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)都適(shi)時加有往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)的(de)(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，在放電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖后充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流恢復之前，均進行(xing)(xing)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)檢測，達到(dao)(dao)一(yi)定往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)效(xiao)果(guo)再轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，否則再次進行(xing)(xing)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)，直至達到(dao)(dao)往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化(hua)要求(qiu)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)才轉回充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，這(zhe)(zhe)樣，可使往(wang)極(ji)(ji)(ji)措施適(shi)應全(quan)過(guo)程(cheng)。這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方案能有效(xiao)地將氣體析出量抑制在很小(xiao)的(de)(de)數(shu)值內。

蓄電池理想充電方法

三階段充電法

目前的航(hang)空(kong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)均采(cai)用階段恒流(liu)(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。一(yi)(yi)般酸性(xing)航(hang)空(kong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用恒流(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。堿(jian)性(xing)航(hang)空(kong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池采(cai)用恒流(liu)(liu)兩(liang)(liang)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)恒流(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。但(dan)這(zhe)種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)中間階段闊別了(le)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接受(shou)率曲線，所以三階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)更(geng)好一(yi)(yi)點。

三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)是兩階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)和恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)等壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)相結合的(de)方式。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)(shi)和結束(shu)時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，中(zhong)間(jian)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期(qi)用(yong)較大的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，經過(guo)(guo)一段(duan)(duan)時(shi)間(jian)改(gai)為(wei)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)衰減(jian)到預定(ding)(ding)(ding)值(zhi)時(shi)，由第二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)轉到第三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。采(cai)用(yong)三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的(de)優(you)點是：避免(mian)了恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)開始(shi)(shi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大，而后期(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)又過(guo)(guo)小(xiao)的(de)情況，比(bi)二(er)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)等流(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)在(zai)中(zhong)間(jian)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)更接(jie)近充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)接(jie)受率曲(qu)線。這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)減(jian)少了充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出氣量，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)又徹底，延長了蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)壽命。三(san)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)變化曲(qu)線如圖1所示。

定電流定電壓快速充電法

以恒(heng)定(ding)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，當充(chong)(chong)(chong)到蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的出氣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，停止(zhi)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并進(jin)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后進(jin)行大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程依次交替進(jin)行。放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖的寬度隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增加，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖寬度隨(sui)充(chong)(chong)(chong)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增加而減小。當充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)基(ji)本(ben)相等時，表明(ming)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已基(ji)本(ben)布滿，立(li)即結束充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

地方(fang)(fang)上已有這(zhe)種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備，其工作(zuo)過程是(shi)三(san)相交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經(jing)(jing)接觸(chu)器(qi)、變壓(ya)器(qi)及可控(kong)(kong)硅充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開關對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。待(dai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)達到(dao)出(chu)氣點(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)時(shi)，經(jing)(jing)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感器(qi)檢測并(bing)發(fa)出(chu)信(xin)號。此信(xin)號使充(chong)(chong)(chong)、放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態控(kong)(kong)制器(qi)轉為停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，并(bing)發(fa)出(chu)三(san)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號。第(di)一(yi)(yi)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號是(shi)關斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)發(fa)生器(qi)的(de)(de)信(xin)號。第(di)二控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號是(shi)開始(shi)往極(ji)化信(xin)號，它經(jing)(jing)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前停(ting)止充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)（t1-t2）后(hou)，發(fa)出(chu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)，打(da)開放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開關，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池開始(shi)向(xiang)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并(bing)經(jing)(jing)過放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路延時(shi)（t2- t3）后(hou)，發(fa)出(chu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)關脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)，結束(shu)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。依次重復進(jin)行充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程，直至充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)。第(di)三(san)個控(kong)(kong)制信(xin)號送給開始(shi)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)計時(shi)器(qi)，使其從第(di)一(yi)(yi)次往極(ji)化放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開始(shi)計時(shi)，到(dao)預定(ding)的(de)(de)時(shi)間后(hou)結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，自動關機(ji)。用這(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波形如圖2所示。上述兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)改(gai)進(jin)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。我國采用的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)案(an)很多，性能(neng)差(cha)異很大。各種(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽命影響也大不相同。這(zhe)兩種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)在理論上比較適合對(dui)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)要求。

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