一、充電暖寶寶發熱原理

充(chong)電暖寶寶的發熱原理是(shi)利用過(guo)飽和溶(rong)(rong)液。在(zai)(zai)某種溫度下，溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)劑中的可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)不變(bian)的，例如食鹽在(zai)(zai)水的可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)(zai)室溫時是(shi)36g/100mL水。當溶液(ye)(ye)中的濃度與其可(ke)溶性(xing)相(xiang)等(deng)時，這種(zhong)溶液(ye)(ye)便稱為飽和液(ye)(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)度(du)比其可溶(rong)性還(huan)要(yao)高的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，這種(zhong)溶(rong)液(ye)便稱為過飽和溶(rong)液(ye)。暖(nuan)手(shou)袋里(li)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)就是(shi)(shi)過飽和溶(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由于過飽和溶(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)太高，當(dang)扭曲金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)微震動便足以(yi)使溶(rong)質結晶(jing)，變成較穩定的(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)。然而，這個(ge)過程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)放熱的(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以(yi)暖(nuan)手(shou)袋開(kai)始暖(nuan)起來。只(zhi)要(yao)把充電(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)寶(bao)放入沸水中加熱約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)溶質便會再次溶解(jie)；這是由于在高溫下，溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性增加(jia)。在溶(rong)(rong)解的過程中，溶(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行吸熱(re)反應(ying)，再次成為過飽和溶(rong)(rong)液。

工作原理是在固(gu)體電(dian)熱餅的基礎(chu)上改(gai)進的，采用電(dian)極式加熱方(fang)法，優質控溫與熱熔斷器(qi)雙(shuang)重溫控保險(xian)。正常情況下袋內(nei)液體溫度(du)達到65度時溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)會(hui)自動切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)電路，停(ting)止加熱(re)；而(er)一(yi)旦(dan)溫(wen)(wen)控(kong)器(qi)控(kong)制失(shi)靈，熱(re)熔斷(duan)器(qi)切(qie)(qie)斷(duan)電源，終止加熱(re)，需更換(huan)新(xin)產品，請不要(yao)嘗試修復。

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二、電暖寶有什么危害

1、電極式暖寶寶充電中爆炸

據(ju)了(le)解，市場銷售的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)按(an)發熱(re)原理分類(lei)主要有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)，另一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)。其中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)早被國家明令禁(jin)止(zhi)生(sheng)產銷售，但是一(yi)(yi)些網店里依然可(ke)以找到它們的(de)身影。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)工作原理是在(zai)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)中(zhong)(zhong)裝有(you)(you)正負(fu)兩個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)，直接(jie)和袋中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)液體接(jie)觸，通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液就帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)，其升(sheng)(sheng)溫效果很(hen)快，但在(zai)升(sheng)(sheng)溫過程中(zhong)(zhong)，液體膨脹較(jiao)快，容易引發爆炸。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)絕緣體線圈，摸上(shang)去體積比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式發熱(re)體明顯要大(da)，與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)相比(bi)，其升(sheng)(sheng)溫速度也要慢一(yi)(yi)些。

在一項關于電(dian)極式暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)實驗中，充(chong)電(dian)加熱過程中，隨(sui)著電(dian)極的(de)(de)不斷消耗(hao)，暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)被撐大，先是充(chong)電(dian)接(jie)口處發生變形，當充(chong)電(dian)持(chi)續了16秒后(hou)，暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)不斷膨大，里面的(de)(de)液體(ti)很快將暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)外皮(pi)撐破，冒著熱氣的(de)(de)液體(ti)噴濺而出。

2、低溫燙傷

無論是電極式暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)還是電熱絲(si)式暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)，如果(guo)使(shi)用不(bu)當，也會(hui)造(zao)成低溫燙傷，即皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)長時間與(yu)低溫熱源接(jie)觸(chu)，會(hui)逐漸發展(zhan)為真(zhen)皮(pi)(pi)深(shen)層(ceng)及(ji)皮(pi)(pi)下各層(ceng)組(zu)織(zhi)燙傷。而低溫燙傷創面疼痛感不(bu)明顯，僅在皮(pi)(pi)膚(fu)上出現紅腫、水泡、脫皮(pi)(pi)或者(zhe)發白(bai)的(de)現象，雖(sui)然燙傷面積不(bu)太大(da)，但是創面深(shen)嚴重者(zhe)甚至會(hui)造(zao)成深(shen)部(bu)組(zu)織(zhi)壞死。

在此前曾就暖寶(bao)寶(bao)的低溫(wen)燙(tang)傷做過相關實(shi)驗，實(shi)驗顯示當電極式暖寶(bao)寶(bao)充電時間8分鐘后，其(qi)溫(wen)度(du)可以達到71℃。而(er)皮膚接觸(chu)70℃的溫(wen)度(du)持(chi)續(xu)1分鐘，就有可能被燙(tang)傷。

3、誘發皮炎

電暖(nuan)寶的危害還(huan)有一個方面就是暖(nuan)寶寶使用(yong)時(shi)間如(ru)果過長，會使皮膚(fu)(fu)中的水分大(da)量流失，從而變得(de)干燥(zao)、瘙癢，導致(zhi)皮膚(fu)(fu)過敏(min)、誘(you)發皮炎(yan)。因此老年人或(huo)者干性皮膚(fu)(fu)者要特別(bie)注意，在(zai)使用(yong)暖(nuan)寶寶御寒(han)時(shi)也(ye)要注意補充(chong)水分。

三、充電暖寶寶安全使用注意事項

1、充電(dian)(dian)時可以輕輕搖動袋身，避免(mian)袋內(nei)水(shui)溫不(bu)均(jun)，讓(rang)袋內(nei)水(shui)溫均(jun)勻；熱水(shui)袋表面不(bu)能用銳器刺壓，強力摔(shuai)打(da)，以免(mian)破裂、漏液(ye)(ye)造成(cheng)傷害，如出現(xian)(xian)破損、漏液(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)象絕不(bu)能再充電(dian)(dian)使用。

2、在使用熱水袋(dai)取(qu)暖時，一(yi)定要把蓋(gai)擰緊，在熱水袋(dai)外面最好套一(yi)個(ge)防(fang)(fang)護套，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)水流出來燙(tang)傷。

3、要注意水(shui)溫不要太(tai)熱，時間不要太(tai)長，熱水(shui)袋應放置于腳旁10厘米處(chu)，而且不是腳上(shang)；最好是睡覺(jue)前放在被子里，睡覺(jue)時取出(chu)來。

4、現(xian)在(zai)熱(re)水(shui)袋的(de)品(pin)種很多，質量參差不(bu)齊，消費者在(zai)購買(mai)時選擇知名(ming)的(de)牌(pai)子(zi)，絕對(dui)不(bu)要(yao)買(mai)“三無”產(chan)品(pin)。同時還應仔細閱(yue)讀產(chan)品(pin)說明(ming)書上的(de)使用方法(fa)和注意事項，更好地(di)了解產(chan)品(pin)特性，比如說明(ming)書寫(xie)著的(de)“嚴禁(jin)在(zai)注水(shui)一半和不(bu)排盡空氣的(de)狀態下充電加熱(re)，以(yi)免發生袋體脹裂等(deng)不(bu)安全事故”、“充電過程(cheng)中必須(xu)做到人走(zou)電源斷”等(deng)。

5、在使用(yong)(yong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)時應定(ding)期打開袋子上的塑料小(xiao)孔蓋子，將(jiang)空氣(qi)排掉；在對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)進行(xing)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，人(ren)應遠離；避(bi)免讓小(xiao)孩(hai)接(jie)觸到充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)，以(yi)免發生(sheng)危險(xian)；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)前可以(yi)輕輕搖動(dong)袋身，讓袋內水溫均(jun)勻；充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)表(biao)面不(bu)能用(yong)(yong)銳器刺壓，強力摔打，以(yi)免破裂、漏(lou)液造成傷害，如(ru)出(chu)現破損、漏(lou)液等現象(xiang)，絕不(bu)能再(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)使用(yong)(yong)；使用(yong)(yong)當(dang)年(nian)購(gou)買的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)，避(bi)免因電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)老化(hua)等原因造成安全隱患。