1、有空鼓(gu)響聲：原因是固定不(bu)實所(suo)(suo)致，主要是毛板與(yu)龍(long)骨、毛板與(yu)地板釘(ding)子數量少或釘(ding)得不(bu)牢，有時是由于板材(cai)(cai)含水(shui)率(lv)變化引起收(shou)縮或膠液不(bu)合格所(suo)(suo)致。因此，嚴(yan)格檢(jian)驗(yan)板材(cai)(cai)含水(shui)率(lv)、膠粘劑等質量的過程就(jiu)顯(xian)得尤為重要。檢(jian)驗(yan)合格后才(cai)能使用(yong)，安裝時釘(ding)子不(bu)宜(yi)過少。

2、表面(mian)不平(ping)：主要原因(yin)是基層不平(ping)或地板(ban)條變形(xing)起鼓所致。在施工時，應(ying)用水平(ping)尺(chi)對龍骨(gu)表面(mian)找平(ping)，如果不平(ping)應(ying)墊木(mu)調整。龍骨(gu)上應(ying)做(zuo)通風小槽(cao)。板(ban)邊距墻面(mian)應(ying)留(liu)出10毫米(mi)的通風縫隙。保(bao)溫(wen)隔音(yin)層材料必須干燥，防(fang)止(zhi)木(mu)板(ban)受潮后起鼓。木(mu)地板(ban)表面(mian)平(ping)整度(du)誤差應(ying)在1毫米(mi)以內。

3、拼(pin)縫(feng)不嚴：主要(yao)原因除了施工(gong)中安(an)裝不規范外(wai)，板材的寬度(du)尺寸誤差大及(ji)加(jia)工(gong)質量(liang)差也是重要(yao)原因。

4、局部翹(qiao)鼓：主要(yao)原因除板(ban)(ban)(ban)子受潮變(bian)形外，還有毛板(ban)(ban)(ban)拼縫(feng)太小(xiao)或無(wu)縫(feng)，使用中，水(shui)管等(deng)漏(lou)水(shui)泡濕地板(ban)(ban)(ban)所致。地板(ban)(ban)(ban)鋪(pu)裝后(hou)，涂刷地板(ban)(ban)(ban)漆應漆膜(mo)完整，日常使用中要(yao)防止(zhi)水(shui)流入地板(ban)(ban)(ban)下部，要(yao)及時清理面(mian)層的(de)積水(shui)。

5、掉(diao)角：地板在搬(ban)運過(guo)程中磕碰(peng)，施工人(ren)員在施工過(guo)程中未(wei)注(zhu)意或施工完(wan)后清理膠水時鏟壞，使地板邊角有掉(diao)角現象；

6、表層(ceng)脫落：施工完后(hou)(hou)，利(li)器或(huo)(huo)重物(wu)掉落砸壞地板(ban)，使地板(ban)美觀受(shou)到(dao)影響；或(huo)(huo)地板(ban)加工過程中(zhong)，表層(ceng)與(yu)基材(cai)未膠合好，使用一段時間(jian)后(hou)(hou)，表層(ceng)與(yu)基材(cai)脫膠；

7、劃痕：客戶在地板上挪放家具或重物時，地板與物品間夾雜有釘子或沙子等雜物，在地板上拖動造成地板耐磨層損壞或出現明顯劃痕。【詳細>>】

地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板維(wei)修畢竟是(shi)被動的，未雨綢繆(mou)才(cai)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板使(shi)用(yong)的最佳選擇，實木(mu)復(fu)合地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板在維(wei)護保養(yang)時相對(dui)(dui)于實木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板更(geng)簡單(dan)，只要(yao)保持地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板干燥、清潔、不用(yong)滴(di)水(shui)的拖把進(jin)行打(da)(da)掃、不用(yong)堿水(shui)、肥皂水(shui)擦地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)都(dou)能有效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)保護地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板在使(shi)用(yong)過程中盡量避(bi)免與水(shui)長時間接觸，一旦有熱水(shui)撒在地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板上(shang)，要(yao)及時擦拭。最為簡單(dan)有效(xiao)的方法就是(shi)對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板每三個月進(jin)行打(da)(da)蠟保養(yang)，同時避(bi)免尖銳器物對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板表面(mian)的劃傷，在使(shi)用(yong)過程中注意(yi)以(yi)上(shang)幾點就可以(yi)有效(xiao)的對(dui)(dui)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板進(jin)行保養(yang)，減少(shao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)板維(wei)修。

1、水泥地面表面起砂起灰塵

水泥地面表面粗糙，顏色發白，酥松不堅實，表面出現松散水泥灰砂，沙粒逐步或成片剝落，慢慢露出混凝土層中的粗骨料。有些水泥地面雖然表面光滑，但耐磨性不夠，在人員、車輛行駛較多地區，首先出現起砂脫層，再往下露出堅硬的混凝土基層。【詳細>>】

2、水泥地面空鼓

水(shui)泥地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)常(chang)發生在面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)，用小錘敲擊有(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)的(de)聲音，容易開裂，小塊或(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)片(pian)剝(bo)落。地面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)的(de)原因很多，常(chang)見的(de)有(you)(you)如基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沒有(you)(you)清理干(gan)凈，有(you)(you)灰塵漿膜等雜物；施(shi)工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)時(shi)，干(gan)燥基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)沒有(you)(you)先澆(jiao)水(shui)濕(shi)潤(run)就攤(tan)鋪面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿，砂(sha)漿中的(de)水(shui)分很快(kuai)被基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)吸收，使面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)粘(zhan)結(jie)不(bu)牢，當澆(jiao)水(shui)過(guo)量或(huo)雨后，基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)有(you)(you)積水(shui)同(tong)樣(yang)也影響面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)粘(zhan)結(jie)，易使面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)；有(you)(you)時(shi)為了增強(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)粘(zhan)結(jie)力；在基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)涂(tu)刷(shua)純水(shui)泥漿一(yi)遍作(zuo)粘(zhan)結(jie)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，如操作(zuo)不(bu)當，不(bu)僅起不(bu)到粘(zhan)結(jie)作(zuo)用，反(fan)而起到隔離(li)作(zuo)用導(dao)致(zhi)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)，墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)混凝土強(qiang)度(du)過(guo)低(di)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿強(qiang)度(du)高，使面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與(yu)墊(dian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)分離(li)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)兩(liang)張皮，導(dao)致(zhi)空(kong)(kong)鼓(gu)。

3、水泥地面裂縫

水泥地面裂縫(feng)，大(da)多屬于不(bu)規則裂縫(feng)，部位不(bu)固(gu)定，形(xing)狀也不(bu)一致(zhi)。

以(yi)上(shang)質量問題經常(chang)會遇見，解(jie)決(jue)的(de)主要辦法還是靠事前防(fang)治，合(he)格(ge)的(de)原材(cai)料、規范(fan)的(de)施工(gong)工(gong)藝和充分的(de)濕養護。地面(mian)施工(gong)完成后，如果有條件(jian)，建議鋪涂水(shui)泥地面(mian)起(qi)(qi)砂(sha)(sha)處理劑，一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)能養護混凝土，另一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)能有效(xiao)預(yu)防(fang)地面(mian)起(qi)(qi)砂(sha)(sha)問題，提高水(shui)泥地面(mian)的(de)耐磨性。

1、水泥地面起灰、起砂

原(yuan)因(yin)有很多(duo)，比如水(shui)泥質量不(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)(he)格、水(shui)泥用量少、砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)太細或(huo)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石含泥量超標、施工(gong)工(gong)藝不(bu)(bu)(bu)當、養護不(bu)(bu)(bu)當等(deng)均有可能(neng)造成(cheng)(cheng)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)起灰甚至起砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。早期傳統的(de)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)起砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)處理辦法均不(bu)(bu)(bu)可靠，往往在(zai)使用一(yi)(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間后(hou)就出(chu)現問(wen)題(ti)。現在(zai)已經有了一(yi)(yi)種新型材料——VL-M2水(shui)泥地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)起砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)處理劑，這是一(yi)(yi)種水(shui)溶性的(de)化學(xue)硬化劑，能(neng)快速滲(shen)透至水(shui)泥地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)內部(bu)、與其中的(de)有效(xiao)成(cheng)(cheng)分發生一(yi)(yi)系列的(de)硬化反應(ying)，從而(er)明(ming)顯提(ti)升原(yuan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)耐磨性、抗(kang)壓強度(du)和表面(mian)(mian)(mian)硬度(du)，阻止(zhi)進一(yi)(yi)步起灰起砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)。主要(yao)特點：靠滲(shen)透起作用，不(bu)(bu)(bu)在(zai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)(cheng)膜，完全不(bu)(bu)(bu)改變(bian)原(yuan)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)外觀，硬化作用長久有效(xiao)。適合(he)(he)因(yin)各種原(yuan)因(yin)造成(cheng)(cheng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)層(ceng)強度(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠(gou)、起灰起砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)的(de)水(shui)泥砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)漿或(huo)混凝土（墻）地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)、屋面(mian)(mian)(mian)，金(jin)剛砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)耐磨地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，水(shui)磨石地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，水(shui)泥自流平(ping)地(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)。

2、水泥地面空鼓

空鼓(gu)的原(yuan)因(yin)也有很多，像砂(sha)子(zi)粒(li)徑過細、水(shui)灰比過大(da)、基層(ceng)(ceng)清理不干凈、基層(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)不夠濕(shi)潤(run)或(huo)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)積(ji)水(shui)、未(wei)做到素(su)水(shui)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)隨(sui)掃隨(sui)做面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)等(deng)。修復方法：采用比基層(ceng)(ceng)高一號的細石混凝土或(huo)水(shui)泥砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)修補。去除(chu)已經空鼓(gu)的面(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)，清洗基面(mian)，刷涂(tu)一層(ceng)(ceng)素(su)水(shui)泥漿(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)界面(mian)劑，立即施工修補砂(sha)漿(jiang)(jiang)或(huo)混凝土。

3、水泥地面裂縫

原因可能是水泥(ni)砂漿攪拌不(bu)均勻、砂子(zi)過(guo)細或(huo)含泥(ni)量(liang)過(guo)大(da)、水泥(ni)用量(liang)過(guo)大(da)、砂漿太稀（用水量(liang)過(guo)大(da)）、壓(ya)光不(bu)夠、局部撒干(gan)水泥(ni)、養護不(bu)當、冬季(ji)施(shi)工時(shi)環(huan)境(jing)溫度(du)過(guo)低。

修復方法：將裂縫加寬加深成(cheng)“V”字(zi)形，清理其中砂塵，涂刷環氧樹脂底(di)漆，用(yong)環氧樹脂砂漿修補。針對(dui)活動(dong)的伸縮縫，建議采用(yong)彈性聚氨酯或耐候硅酮膠填縫處(chu)理；針對(dui)破損嚴重的地面，建議重新澆筑(zhu)合格的水(shui)泥砂漿或混凝土(tu)，嚴格控制(zhi)原材(cai)料質(zhi)量，采取正確施(shi)工工藝(yi)和養護方法(fa)。