【股(gu)權轉讓】股(gu)權轉讓是什么意思 如何理解股(gu)權轉讓

在(zai)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)中，出讓(rang)(rang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)的主體應當是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)，受(shou)讓(rang)(rang)方可(ke)(ke)以是(shi)(shi)原公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)，也可(ke)(ke)以是(shi)(shi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)外的第三人。在(zai)實踐(jian)中，一(yi)些公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)是(shi)(shi)以公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)名(ming)義簽訂(ding)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)合同，這會造成簽約主體的混淆。另(ling)外，如果受(shou)讓(rang)(rang)方是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，要考慮(lv)是(shi)(shi)否需要經過(guo)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)會決(jue)議通過(guo)；如果是(shi)(shi)自然人，則要審(shen)查(cha)其是(shi)(shi)否已注冊過(guo)一(yi)人有限(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。

股權(quan)轉讓是股東(dong)行(xing)使股權(quan)經常而普遍的方式(shi)，中國《公(gong)司法》規定股東(dong)有權(quan)通(tong)過法定方式(shi)轉讓其全部出(chu)資(zi)或者(zhe)部分出(chu)資(zi)。

股(gu)權自由轉(zhuan)讓制度(du)，是現(xian)代(dai)公(gong)司(si)制度(du)最為(wei)成功的(de)表現(xian)之一。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)市場經濟體制的(de)建立，國(guo)(guo)有企(qi)(qi)業改革及(ji)公(gong)司(si)法的(de)實(shi)施(shi)，股(gu)權轉(zhuan)讓成為(wei)企(qi)(qi)業募集資(zi)本、產權流動重(zhong)組、資(zi)源優化配置的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)形式(shi)，由此引發的(de)糾(jiu)紛在公(gong)司(si)訴訟中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)常見(jian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)股(gu)權轉(zhuan)讓合同的(de)效(xiao)力是該類案(an)件審理(li)的(de)難點所在。

股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)協議是(shi)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)以轉讓(rang)(rang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)為目的而(er)(er)達成(cheng)的關于出讓(rang)(rang)方(fang)交付(fu)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)并收取價金，受讓(rang)(rang)方(fang)支(zhi)付(fu)價金得到(dao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)的意思表示(shi)。股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)是(shi)一(yi)種物(wu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)變動行(xing)為，股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)后，股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)基于股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)地位而(er)(er)對公司所發生的權(quan)(quan)(quan)利義務關系全部同時(shi)(shi)移轉于受讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)，受讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)(ren)因此(ci)成(cheng)為公司的股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)，取得股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)。根據《合同法》第(di)四(si)十四(si)條第(di)一(yi)款的規定，股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)合同自(zi)成(cheng)立時(shi)(shi)生效。

股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)在對(dui)外轉讓股(gu)(gu)權(quan)前要征求其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)意見，其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)在同等條件下(xia)，放棄優先購買(mai)權(quan)時，才能向股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)外第(di)三人轉讓。同時，還(huan)需(xu)注意其(qi)它(ta)法定前置程序(xu)的履行，否則(ze)會出現無效的法律后果。另外，無論是開股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)會決議還(huan)是單個(ge)股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)的意見，均要形(xing)成書(shu)面材料，以避(bi)免其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)事后反悔(hui)，導致糾(jiu)紛(fen)產生(sheng)。

但股權(quan)轉讓(rang)合同的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)效并不等同于股權(quan)轉讓(rang)生(sheng)(sheng)效。股權(quan)轉讓(rang)合同的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)效是指對合同當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)產生(sheng)(sheng)法律約束力的(de)問(wen)題，股權(quan)轉讓(rang)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)效是指股權(quan)何(he)時(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)轉移(yi)，即受(shou)讓(rang)方何(he)時(shi)取得股東(dong)身份(fen)的(de)問(wen)題，所(suo)以(yi)，必(bi)須關注股權(quan)轉讓(rang)協議(yi)簽訂后的(de)適當(dang)履行問(wen)題。

持股權轉讓，是指持有份額的轉讓，在中國是指有限責任公司的出資份額的轉讓。股份轉讓，根據股份載體的不同，又可分為一般股份轉讓和股票轉讓。一般股份轉讓是指以非股票的形式的股份轉讓，實際包括已繳納資本然而并未出具股票的股份轉讓，也包括那些雖然認購但仍未繳付股款因而還不能出具股票的股份轉讓。股票轉讓，是指以股票為載體的股份轉讓。股票轉讓還可進一步細分為記名股票轉讓與非記名股票的轉讓、有紙化股票的轉讓和無紙化股票的轉讓等。

股票入門基礎知識》》