【股(gu)權轉(zhuan)讓】股(gu)權轉(zhuan)讓是什么(me)意思 如(ru)何理解股(gu)權轉(zhuan)讓

在(zai)股權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)中，出讓(rang)股權(quan)(quan)的(de)主(zhu)體(ti)應當是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)股東(dong)(dong)(dong)，受(shou)讓(rang)方(fang)(fang)可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)原公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)股東(dong)(dong)(dong)，也(ye)可以(yi)是(shi)(shi)股東(dong)(dong)(dong)外的(de)第(di)三(san)人。在(zai)實踐中，一些(xie)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)股東(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)以(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)名義簽訂的(de)股權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)合同，這會(hui)造成(cheng)簽約主(zhu)體(ti)的(de)混淆。另外，如(ru)果受(shou)讓(rang)方(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)，要(yao)考慮是(shi)(shi)否(fou)需(xu)要(yao)經過股東(dong)(dong)(dong)會(hui)決議通過；如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)自然人，則(ze)要(yao)審(shen)查(cha)其是(shi)(shi)否(fou)已(yi)注冊過一人有限責任公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。

股(gu)(gu)權轉讓是股(gu)(gu)東(dong)行(xing)使股(gu)(gu)權經常而普遍的(de)方式(shi)，中國《公司法》規定股(gu)(gu)東(dong)有(you)權通過(guo)法定方式(shi)轉讓其全部出資(zi)或者部分出資(zi)。

股權(quan)(quan)自(zi)由(you)轉(zhuan)讓制(zhi)度(du)(du)，是現代(dai)公(gong)司制(zhi)度(du)(du)最為成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)表現之一。隨(sui)著中國市場(chang)經濟體制(zhi)的(de)建(jian)立，國有(you)企業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)及(ji)公(gong)司法(fa)的(de)實施，股權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓成(cheng)為企業(ye)募集資本、產權(quan)(quan)流(liu)動重(zhong)組、資源(yuan)優(you)化配置的(de)重(zhong)要形式，由(you)此引發的(de)糾紛(fen)在(zai)公(gong)司訴(su)訟中最為常見，其中股權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓合同的(de)效力是該類案(an)件審理的(de)難點所(suo)在(zai)。

股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)協(xie)議是當(dang)事(shi)人以轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)為(wei)(wei)目(mu)的而達成的關于出讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)方(fang)交付股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)并收取價金，受(shou)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)方(fang)支付價金得到股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的意思表示。股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)是一(yi)種(zhong)物權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)變動行為(wei)(wei)，股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)后，股(gu)(gu)東(dong)基于股(gu)(gu)東(dong)地位而對公(gong)司所(suo)發生的權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利義務(wu)關系全部同(tong)(tong)時移轉(zhuan)于受(shou)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人，受(shou)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)人因(yin)此成為(wei)(wei)公(gong)司的股(gu)(gu)東(dong)，取得股(gu)(gu)東(dong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。根據(ju)《合(he)同(tong)(tong)法》第(di)四(si)十四(si)條第(di)一(yi)款的規定，股(gu)(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)自成立時生效。

股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)在(zai)對外轉讓(rang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)前要征求其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)意(yi)(yi)見，其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)在(zai)同等條件下，放棄優先購買權(quan)時，才能向股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)外第三人(ren)轉讓(rang)。同時，還需(xu)注意(yi)(yi)其(qi)它法(fa)定前置程(cheng)序(xu)的履行(xing)，否則會(hui)出現無效(xiao)的法(fa)律后果。另外，無論(lun)是(shi)開(kai)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)會(hui)決議還是(shi)單(dan)個(ge)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)的意(yi)(yi)見，均要形(xing)成書面材料，以避免其(qi)他股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)(dong)(dong)事后反(fan)悔，導致(zhi)糾紛產生。

但股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)合同(tong)的生(sheng)效(xiao)并不等同(tong)于股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)生(sheng)效(xiao)。股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)合同(tong)的生(sheng)效(xiao)是指對合同(tong)當事人產生(sheng)法律約(yue)束力的問(wen)(wen)題，股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)的生(sheng)效(xiao)是指股(gu)權(quan)(quan)何時發生(sheng)轉(zhuan)移，即(ji)受讓(rang)(rang)方何時取得股(gu)東身份(fen)的問(wen)(wen)題，所以，必須關(guan)注(zhu)股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)(rang)協議簽訂后的適(shi)當履行問(wen)(wen)題。

持股權轉讓，是指持有份額的轉讓，在中國是指有限責任公司的出資份額的轉讓。股份轉讓，根據股份載體的不同，又可分為一般股份轉讓和股票轉讓。一般股份轉讓是指以非股票的形式的股份轉讓，實際包括已繳納資本然而并未出具股票的股份轉讓，也包括那些雖然認購但仍未繳付股款因而還不能出具股票的股份轉讓。股票轉讓，是指以股票為載體的股份轉讓。股票轉讓還可進一步細分為記名股票轉讓與非記名股票的轉讓、有紙化股票的轉讓和無紙化股票的轉讓等。

股票入門基礎知識》》