【股權轉讓】股權轉讓是什么意思(si) 如何(he)理(li)解股權轉讓

在股(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)中，出讓(rang)股(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)的主體(ti)(ti)應當是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)，受讓(rang)方可(ke)以是(shi)(shi)原(yuan)公(gong)(gong)司(si)的股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)，也(ye)可(ke)以是(shi)(shi)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)外的第三人(ren)。在實(shi)踐中，一些公(gong)(gong)司(si)股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)是(shi)(shi)以公(gong)(gong)司(si)名義簽(qian)訂的股(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)合同，這會(hui)造成簽(qian)約主體(ti)(ti)的混淆。另外，如果受讓(rang)方是(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)司(si)，要(yao)考慮是(shi)(shi)否(fou)需要(yao)經過股(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)會(hui)決議通過；如果是(shi)(shi)自然人(ren)，則要(yao)審查(cha)其是(shi)(shi)否(fou)已注冊過一人(ren)有限責任公(gong)(gong)司(si)。

股權轉讓是股東行使股權經常而普(pu)遍的方式，中國《公司法》規定(ding)股東有權通過法定(ding)方式轉讓其(qi)全部(bu)出資或者部(bu)分出資。

股(gu)權(quan)自(zi)由轉(zhuan)讓(rang)制(zhi)度(du)，是現代公(gong)司制(zhi)度(du)最為成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)表現之一(yi)。隨(sui)著中國(guo)(guo)市(shi)場(chang)經濟體(ti)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)建立，國(guo)(guo)有企業改革(ge)及公(gong)司法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)實施，股(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)成(cheng)為企業募集資本、產權(quan)流動重組、資源優化配置的(de)(de)(de)重要形(xing)式(shi)，由此(ci)引(yin)發的(de)(de)(de)糾(jiu)紛在(zai)(zai)公(gong)司訴訟中最為常見(jian)，其中股(gu)權(quan)轉(zhuan)讓(rang)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)效力是該類案(an)件審理(li)的(de)(de)(de)難(nan)點所在(zai)(zai)。

股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)協(xie)議是當事人(ren)以(yi)轉讓(rang)(rang)股(gu)權(quan)(quan)為目的(de)(de)(de)而(er)(er)達成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)關于出(chu)讓(rang)(rang)方(fang)交付股(gu)權(quan)(quan)并收取價金，受讓(rang)(rang)方(fang)支付價金得到股(gu)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)思表示(shi)。股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)是一種物權(quan)(quan)變動行為，股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)后(hou)，股(gu)東(dong)基(ji)于股(gu)東(dong)地位而(er)(er)對公司所發生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利義務(wu)關系全部同(tong)時(shi)移(yi)轉于受讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)，受讓(rang)(rang)人(ren)因此(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)為公司的(de)(de)(de)股(gu)東(dong)，取得股(gu)東(dong)權(quan)(quan)。根據《合同(tong)法》第四十四條(tiao)第一款的(de)(de)(de)規定，股(gu)權(quan)(quan)轉讓(rang)(rang)合同(tong)自成(cheng)(cheng)立時(shi)生(sheng)效(xiao)。

股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)在對外(wai)轉讓股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)權(quan)前要(yao)征(zheng)求其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)意見(jian)，其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)在同(tong)等條件(jian)下，放棄優先購(gou)買權(quan)時，才能(neng)向股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)外(wai)第三人轉讓。同(tong)時，還(huan)需注意其(qi)它法定(ding)前置程(cheng)序的履行，否則會(hui)出現無效(xiao)的法律后(hou)果。另外(wai)，無論是(shi)開股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)會(hui)決議還(huan)是(shi)單個股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)的意見(jian)，均要(yao)形成書面材料，以避免其(qi)他(ta)股(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)東(dong)事(shi)后(hou)反悔，導致糾紛產生(sheng)。

但股(gu)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)并不等同(tong)(tong)于股(gu)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)。股(gu)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)是(shi)指對合(he)同(tong)(tong)當事(shi)人產生(sheng)(sheng)法律(lv)約(yue)束力的問(wen)題，股(gu)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)的生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)是(shi)指股(gu)權何時(shi)發生(sheng)(sheng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)移，即受讓(rang)方何時(shi)取得(de)股(gu)東身份(fen)的問(wen)題，所以，必須關(guan)注(zhu)股(gu)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)讓(rang)協議簽訂(ding)后的適當履行問(wen)題。

持股權轉讓，是指持有份額的轉讓，在中國是指有限責任公司的出資份額的轉讓。股份轉讓，根據股份載體的不同，又可分為一般股份轉讓和股票轉讓。一般股份轉讓是指以非股票的形式的股份轉讓，實際包括已繳納資本然而并未出具股票的股份轉讓，也包括那些雖然認購但仍未繳付股款因而還不能出具股票的股份轉讓。股票轉讓，是指以股票為載體的股份轉讓。股票轉讓還可進一步細分為記名股票轉讓與非記名股票的轉讓、有紙化股票的轉讓和無紙化股票的轉讓等。

股票入門基礎知識》》