電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來(lai)控(kong)制(zhi)，當(dang)變頻(pin)(pin)器出故(gu)障就會給(gei)很多人(ren)帶來(lai)不便，如果維修(xiu)人(ren)員能正確理解(jie)電梯變頻(pin)(pin)器原理，那(nei)么維修(xiu)就得容易了。

VVVF 是 Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的(de)縮寫，意為(wei)改變(bian)電壓和(he)改變(bian)頻率，也就是人們所說的(de)變(bian)壓變(bian)頻。

CVCF 是(shi) Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的(de)(de)縮(suo)寫，意為恒(heng)(heng)電壓、恒(heng)(heng)頻率(lv)，也就是(shi)人(ren)們所說的(de)(de)恒(heng)(heng)壓恒(heng)(heng)頻。

我們(men)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)為交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，一般的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)大(da)多(duo)是由(you)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通(tong)過變壓器變壓，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾波后(hou)得到的(de)(de)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)人們(men)使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中占(zhan)總使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)95％左右(you)。無論是用(yong)(yong)于家(jia)庭還是用(yong)(yong)于工(gong)廠，單相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和三相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其電(dian)(dian)壓和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)均按各國(guo)的(de)(de)規定(ding)有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)標準，如我國(guo)大(da)陸規定(ding)，直接用(yong)(yong)戶單相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)為220V，三相(xiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)壓為380V，頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)為50Hz，其它國(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)壓和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)可能于我國(guo)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)不同(tong)，如有(you)單相(xiang)100V/60Hz，三相(xiang)200V/60Hz等(deng)等(deng)，標準的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓和頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)叫(jiao)工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)。

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通(tong)常，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)固定(ding)(ding)不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)工頻(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或頻(pin)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝置稱作“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器”。為(wei)(wei)了產生可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率(lv)，該設備首(shou)先要(yao)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這個過程叫(jiao)整流(liu)(liu)。把(ba)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)(de)裝置，其科學(xue)術語為(wei)(wei)“inverter”(逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器)。一般逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器是把(ba)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)固定(ding)(ding)頻(pin)率(lv)和(he)(he)一定(ding)(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)頻(pin)率(lv)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)(ke)調(diao)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)器我們稱為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的檢測設備(bei)中(zhong)的波形要(yao)(yao)求較高的可變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率逆變(bian)器，要(yao)(yao)對波形進行整理，可以輸出標準的正(zheng)弦波，叫變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電源。一般變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電源是(shi)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器價(jia)格的15－－20倍(bei)。由于(yu)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器設備(bei)中(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)變(bian)化的電壓或頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率的主要(yao)(yao)裝置叫“inverter”，故該(gai)產(chan)品本身就被命名為(wei)“inverter”，即：變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器。

變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)也可(ke)(ke)用于(yu)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。使用變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)中，不僅有電(dian)(dian)(dian)機（例如空調等），還有熒(ying)光(guang)燈等產(chan)(chan)品(pin)。用于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)，既(ji)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)改變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又可(ke)(ke)以(yi)改變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)。但用于(yu)熒(ying)光(guang)燈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)主要用于(yu)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)。汽車上使用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)）產(chan)(chan)生交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備也以(yi)“inverter”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱(cheng)進(jin)行出售。變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作原理被廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)各個(ge)領域。例如計算機電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該項應(ying)用中，變頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)用于(yu)抑制反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)波動(dong)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)間(jian)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電(dian)梯電(dian)氣室溫度不(bu)能太高，否(fou)則(ze)變頻器(qi)元件(jian)容(rong)易(yi)老化，最好裝有(you)空調，效果相當不(bu)錯！

2、防止雨(yu)水(shui)淋濕，通常是(shi)在(zai)刮臺風(feng)時，窗門被風(feng)吹壞(huai)而使(shi)變頻器淋到雨(yu)水(shui)。

3、防(fang)雷(lei)電，這個(ge)就關(guan)系到整棟(dong)樓(lou)或整個(ge)小(xiao)區防(fang)雷(lei)設施(shi)問題，被雷(lei)擊的變頻器一(yi)般損壞(huai)嚴重。

4、變頻器的(de)散熱風扇要定時清塵，發現(xian)其有響(xiang)聲或(huo)不運(yun)轉就要更換。

5、電(dian)梯電(dian)機(ji)有(you)不正常(chang)響聲(sheng)通(tong)常(chang)是變(bian)頻器有(you)問題，如電(dian)機(ji)三相電(dian)流不平衡，這時最好就(jiu)要維(wei)修，等到(dao)變(bian)頻器完(wan)全不行則損壞可能比(bi)較嚴重。如果(guo)自(zi)己沒有(you)維(wei)修經(jing)驗就(jiu)不要自(zi)己維(wei)修，避(bi)免(mian)把變(bian)頻器弄得更壞。