電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來控制，當變頻(pin)器出故障(zhang)就會給很多人帶(dai)來不便，如(ru)果維修人員能(neng)正確理(li)解(jie)電(dian)梯變頻(pin)器原(yuan)理(li)，那么維修就得容易了(le)。

VVVF 是(shi)(shi) Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的縮寫(xie)，意為改變電壓和改變頻(pin)率，也就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)人們所(suo)說的變壓變頻(pin)。

CVCF 是(shi) Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的縮寫，意為(wei)恒(heng)電壓(ya)、恒(heng)頻(pin)率，也就(jiu)是(shi)人們(men)所說的恒(heng)壓(ya)恒(heng)頻(pin)。

我們(men)使用(yong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)分為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，一般的(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)大多是(shi)由交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)通過變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，整流(liu)(liu)濾波后得到的(de)。交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)在人們(men)使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)中占總使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)95％左(zuo)右。無論(lun)是(shi)用(yong)于家庭還是(shi)用(yong)于工(gong)廠(chang)，單(dan)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)(he)三(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率均(jun)按各國的(de)規(gui)定有一定的(de)標準(zhun)，如(ru)我國大陸規(gui)定，直接(jie)用(yong)戶單(dan)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)220V，三(san)相交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)380V，頻(pin)率為(wei)(wei)50Hz，其(qi)它國家的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率可(ke)能(neng)于我國的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率不(bu)同，如(ru)有單(dan)相100V/60Hz，三(san)相200V/60Hz等等，標準(zhun)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)頻(pin)率的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)叫工(gong)頻(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"小含"提供，版權聲明反饋

通常(chang)，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率固定不變(bian)(bian)的(de)工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)換為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)裝置稱作(zuo)“變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)”。為(wei)(wei)了(le)產生可(ke)(ke)變(bian)(bian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率，該設備首先要(yao)把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)換為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這個(ge)過程叫(jiao)整流(liu)。把(ba)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)換為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)裝置，其(qi)科學(xue)術(shu)語為(wei)(wei)“inverter”(逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi))。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)是把(ba)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定的(de)固定頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率可(ke)(ke)調(diao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓可(ke)(ke)調(diao)的(de)逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)我們稱為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)器(qi)。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的(de)(de)檢測設備中的(de)(de)波(bo)形(xing)要求較高的(de)(de)可變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)率逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)，要對波(bo)形(xing)進(jin)行(xing)整理，可以輸出(chu)標準的(de)(de)正(zheng)弦(xian)波(bo)，叫變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)電(dian)源。一般變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)電(dian)源是變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)價格的(de)(de)15－－20倍。由于變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)設備中產(chan)生變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)或頻(pin)率的(de)(de)主要裝置(zhi)叫“inverter”，故該產(chan)品本身就被(bei)命(ming)名為“inverter”，即：變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)。

變頻(pin)(pin)器也(ye)可用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)。使(shi)用(yong)變頻(pin)(pin)器的家電(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品(pin)中，不僅(jin)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)機（例(li)如(ru)空調等），還有熒光燈等產(chan)品(pin)。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制(zhi)的變頻(pin)(pin)器，既(ji)可以(yi)(yi)改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又可以(yi)(yi)改(gai)變頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)。但用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)熒光燈的變頻(pin)(pin)器主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)。汽車上使(shi)用(yong)的由電(dian)(dian)(dian)池（直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)）產(chan)生(sheng)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的設備也(ye)以(yi)(yi)“inverter”的名稱(cheng)進行(xing)出(chu)售。變頻(pin)(pin)器的工作原(yuan)理(li)被廣泛應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)各個領(ling)域。例(li)如(ru)計算機電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該(gai)項應用(yong)中，變頻(pin)(pin)器用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)抑制(zhi)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)的波動及電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的瞬間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電梯電氣室溫度(du)不能太高，否則變頻器元件容易(yi)老化(hua)，最好裝有空(kong)調，效果相(xiang)當不錯！

2、防止雨水淋濕，通常是在刮臺風時(shi)，窗(chuang)門被風吹壞而使變頻器淋到雨水。

3、防雷電，這個(ge)就關系到整棟樓或整個(ge)小區(qu)防雷設施問題，被雷擊的(de)變頻器(qi)一般損壞嚴(yan)重(zhong)。

4、變頻(pin)器的散熱(re)風(feng)扇要定時(shi)清塵，發(fa)現其有響聲或不運轉就(jiu)要更(geng)換(huan)。

5、電梯電機(ji)有(you)不(bu)正常(chang)響聲通常(chang)是變頻器(qi)有(you)問題(ti)，如電機(ji)三相(xiang)電流不(bu)平衡(heng)，這時最好就要維(wei)(wei)修，等到變頻器(qi)完全不(bu)行則損壞可(ke)能比較(jiao)嚴重(zhong)。如果自(zi)己沒有(you)維(wei)(wei)修經驗就不(bu)要自(zi)己維(wei)(wei)修，避免把變頻器(qi)弄(nong)得(de)更壞。