電梯變頻器工作原理

現在電梯都是用變頻器來控制(zhi)，當變(bian)頻(pin)器出故障(zhang)就(jiu)會(hui)給很多人帶來不便，如果(guo)維修人員能(neng)正確理(li)解電梯變(bian)頻(pin)器原(yuan)理(li)，那么維修就(jiu)得容易了。

VVVF 是 Variable Voltage and Variable Frequency 的縮寫，意(yi)為(wei)改變電壓和改變頻率(lv)，也就是人們所說的變壓變頻。

CVCF 是 Constant Voltage and Constant Frequency 的(de)縮寫，意為恒電壓、恒頻(pin)率，也就(jiu)是人們所說(shuo)的(de)恒壓恒頻(pin)。

我們使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)分(fen)為交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，一般的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)大(da)多是由(you)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)通過(guo)變(bian)壓(ya)器變(bian)壓(ya)，整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)濾(lv)波后得(de)到的(de)(de)(de)。交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)在(zai)人們使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中占(zhan)總(zong)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)95％左右。無(wu)論(lun)是用(yong)于(yu)(yu)家(jia)庭還是用(yong)于(yu)(yu)工廠，單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和(he)三相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻率均按各國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)標準，如(ru)(ru)我國(guo)(guo)大(da)陸規(gui)定(ding)，直接用(yong)戶單(dan)相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)為220V，三相(xiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為380V，頻率為50Hz，其(qi)它國(guo)(guo)家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻率可能于(yu)(yu)我國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻率不同，如(ru)(ru)有單(dan)相(xiang)100V/60Hz，三相(xiang)200V/60Hz等等，標準的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)頻率的(de)(de)(de)交流(liu)(liu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)叫工頻交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

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通常(chang)，把(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)固(gu)定(ding)不變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)或(huo)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置稱作“變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)”。為(wei)(wei)了(le)產生(sheng)可(ke)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)，該設備首(shou)先要把(ba)(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC），這個(ge)過程叫整流(liu)(liu)(liu)。把(ba)(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（DC）變(bian)(bian)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（AC）的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置，其(qi)科學(xue)術語為(wei)(wei)“inverter”(逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi))。一(yi)般(ban)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)是把(ba)(ba)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)和(he)一(yi)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。對于逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)可(ke)調(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)逆(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)我們(men)稱為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器(qi)(qi)。

變頻器輸出的波形是模擬正弦波，主要是用在三相異步電動機調速用，又叫變頻調速器。對于主要用在儀器儀表的(de)檢測設備(bei)中的(de)波形要求較高的(de)可變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)逆變(bian)(bian)器，要對波形進(jin)行整理，可以輸(shu)出標準的(de)正弦波，叫變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)。一般(ban)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)源(yuan)是變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器價格的(de)15－－20倍(bei)。由于變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器設備(bei)中產生(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)電(dian)壓或頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)主要裝(zhuang)置(zhi)叫“inverter”，故該(gai)產品本身就被命名為“inverter”，即：變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)器。

變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器也可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)品中(zhong)，不僅有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機（例如空調等(deng)），還(huan)有熒(ying)光(guang)燈(deng)等(deng)產(chan)品。用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器，既可(ke)以改變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，又可(ke)以改變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)。但用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)熒(ying)光(guang)燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器主要用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)。汽車上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池（直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）產(chan)生交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設備也以“inverter”的(de)(de)(de)(de)名稱進行(xing)出售。變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)理被(bei)廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)各個領域。例如計(ji)算機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在該項應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)，變(bian)頻(pin)(pin)器用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)抑制(zhi)反(fan)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)波動及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬間(jian)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

電梯變頻器維修與保養

1、電梯(ti)電氣室溫度(du)不能太高，否則變(bian)頻器(qi)元件(jian)容易老化，最好裝(zhuang)有(you)空調，效果相當(dang)不錯(cuo)！

2、防止雨水淋濕，通(tong)常是在刮臺風時，窗門被風吹壞而使變(bian)頻(pin)器淋到雨水。

3、防雷電(dian)，這(zhe)個就關系到(dao)整棟樓或(huo)整個小區防雷設施(shi)問題，被雷擊(ji)的變頻器一般損壞嚴重。

4、變頻器的散熱風扇要定時清塵，發(fa)現其有響聲或不運轉就要更(geng)換。

5、電(dian)(dian)梯電(dian)(dian)機有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)正(zheng)常(chang)響聲通(tong)常(chang)是變(bian)(bian)頻器有(you)(you)問(wen)題，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)機三相電(dian)(dian)流不(bu)(bu)平衡(heng)，這時(shi)最好就要維(wei)修，等到變(bian)(bian)頻器完(wan)全不(bu)(bu)行則損壞可能比較嚴(yan)重。如(ru)果自己(ji)沒有(you)(you)維(wei)修經驗就不(bu)(bu)要自己(ji)維(wei)修，避免把變(bian)(bian)頻器弄得更壞。