【特種紙】生(sheng)活類特種紙有哪些 特種紙的不足之處

特(te)種紙是將(jiang)不同的纖(xian)維(wei)利(li)用(yong)(yong)抄(chao)紙機(ji)抄(chao)制(zhi)成(cheng)具有特(te)殊機(ji)能的紙張，例如(ru)單獨使用(yong)(yong)合成(cheng)纖(xian)維(wei)，合成(cheng)紙漿或(huo)混(hun)合木漿等(deng)原料(liao)，配(pei)合不同材(cai)料(liao)進行修飾或(huo)加工，賦予紙張不同的機(ji)能及用(yong)(yong)途，例如(ru)：生活用(yong)(yong)、建材(cai)用(yong)(yong)、電氣(qi)制(zhi)品用(yong)(yong)、工業過(guo)濾器用(yong)(yong)、機(ji)械(xie)工業用(yong)(yong)、農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)、信(xin)息用(yong)(yong)、光學用(yong)(yong)、文化藝術用(yong)(yong)、生化尖端技術用(yong)(yong)等(deng)等(deng)，只(zhi)要是用(yong)(yong)于特(te)殊用(yong)(yong)途的紙材(cai)，全部統(tong)稱為特(te)種紙。

特種紙種類大全

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生活類特種紙

1）服裝紙

以前曾有(you)利用(yong)原紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經過化(hua)學處理后得到的(de)(de)“代布紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”，用(yong)作桌(zhuo)布、床單、手巾(jin)等，供一(yi)次性使(shi)用(yong)。但是(shi)，近年來保護資源(yuan)和環(huan)境的(de)(de)呼聲(sheng)日益(yi)高漲，“一(yi)次性使(shi)用(yong)”的(de)(de)觀(guan)點已被視為(wei)“陳腐”。于是(shi)，國外(wai)開(kai)發(fa)出了“服(fu)裝(zhuang)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”。這(zhe)(zhe)種紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)像布一(yi)樣的(de)(de)柔韌、又能熨燙(tang)。用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制作的(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)連(lian)衣裙，式樣新(xin)穎、花色悅目。用(yong)服(fu)裝(zhuang)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)做的(de)(de)新(xin)婚(hun)禮服(fu)，別開(kai)生面。因為(wei)新(xin)婚(hun)禮服(fu)僅僅在婚(hun)禮上穿(chuan)一(yi)次，使(shi)用(yong)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)來制作更經濟(ji)。

2）水溶性紙（水溶紙）

水(shui)溶性紙(zhi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)中浸泡一(yi)、兩分鐘后能全(quan)(quan)部自行溶化(hua)，若加上攪拌或(huo)沖(chong)刷，溶解更(geng)快(kuai)。這種(zhong)紙(zhi)最初在(zai)(zai)美(mei)國是(shi)應聯(lian)邦安全(quan)(quan)部門的特殊要求(qiu)而(er)研(yan)制的，在(zai)(zai)相當長的時(shi)間(jian)里作(zuo)為機密(mi)，故其(qi)使(shi)用的范(fan)圍很狹窄，同時(shi)也(ye)不(bu)允許隨意(yi)擴大(da)宣傳(chuan)(chuan)。然(ran)而(er)，科學(xue)知識是(shi)不(bu)斷傳(chuan)(chuan)播的，因此，后來出現(xian)了各(ge)種(zhong)各(ge)樣的水(shui)溶性紙(zhi)。

這種紙外表與普通紙差不多，生產過程也基本相同，但是原料選用和后處理工藝卻不相同，抄造時對紙漿分散性、上網勻度及脫缸要求高。在水溶性紙中含有的羧甲基纖維素納鹽至少有三分之二，其他三分之一是紙漿和助劑。紙漿經過打漿后與羧甲基纖維素鈉鹽相混合，調整完畢后送往造紙機上抄紙。成紙還要進行處理加工使其變成可溶性的化學結構，最后進行分切、包裝等。從(cong)后(hou)處理起直到包裝，所有操作嚴禁(jin)有水參(can)與，以(yi)確保成紙(zhi)的質量。這種水溶性紙(zhi)可(ke)以(yi)書(shu)寫、印刷，遇到情況時向馬桶(tong)內一沖，紙(zhi)頁就消失無(wu)影無(wu)蹤；用(yong)于包裝藥品或調味品，可(ke)以(yi)不(bu)用(yong)拆封直接使用(yong)；還(huan)可(ke)加工成婦女化妝紙(zhi)，深受消費者歡迎(ying)。

3）吸塵器套袋紙

用于吸(xi)(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)收集灰塵(chen)，為一(yi)次性使用，在(zai)歐美及(ji)發達(da)國家消耗量(liang)較(jiao)大。該紙一(yi)般由二層(ceng)或三層(ceng)組(zu)成，產品質量(liang)要求較(jiao)高。紙質需疏松透氣(qi)(qi)，便(bian)于吸(xi)(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)排氣(qi)(qi)，同時還(huan)要求有較(jiao)高的耐破、抗(kang)張強(qiang)度。國內造紙企業可在(zai)小型紙機上改造生產吸(xi)(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)套袋(dai)紙，生產出原紙后再自(zi)行(xing)加(jia)工制袋(dai)，隨吸(xi)(xi)塵(chen)器(qi)(qi)(qi)專業供貨商出口。

4）彩色紙繩紙

主要用(yong)于生(sheng)產彩(cai)色紙(zhi)繩(sheng)、編織工藝(yi)(yi)提籃、工藝(yi)(yi)帽等工藝(yi)(yi)品(pin)，可(ke)取(qu)代玉米芯皮搓繩(sheng)，具有效率高、產品(pin)質量穩(wen)定、工業(ye)化水平(ping)高的特點。造(zao)紙(zhi)企業(ye)可(ke)將1092mm圓網紙(zhi)機改造(zao)進行生(sheng)產。紙(zhi)繩(sheng)紙(zhi)彩(cai)色品(pin)種多，產品(pin)韌性和(he)抗張性能強，現已有成紙(zhi)樣本(ben)供編制廠(chang)家選(xuan)擇。

5）燈罩紙

主要用于生產中高(gao)檔(dang)(dang)燈飾(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)燈罩材(cai)料，有多個品(pin)(pin)種。最高(gao)檔(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)有仿(fang)羊皮紙(zhi)，紙(zhi)面(mian)上具有模(mo)擬的(de)(de)血絲、皺褶、厚薄不一的(de)(de)皮質感(gan)；中檔(dang)(dang)紙(zhi)具有絲綢質、粗細麻(ma)質；還(huan)有手工抄(chao)造(zao)的(de)(de)紙(zhi)，添加(jia)(jia)了(le)花(hua)、葉等裝飾(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)。這些抄(chao)造(zao)效果都是為了(le)在柔和的(de)(de)燈光下，增加(jia)(jia)燈飾(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)仿(fang)古、藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、抽象的(de)(de)感(gan)覺，以(yi)提高(gao)燈飾(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)品(pin)(pin)位和商業價值。燈罩紙(zhi)的(de)(de)抄(chao)造(zao)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)主要是依*原料配比、抄(chao)造(zao)工藝(yi)來增加(jia)(jia)強度，甚至增加(jia)(jia)阻燃性能(neng)等技術(shu)(shu)(shu)手段，變(bian)化豐富。此類產品(pin)(pin)需要與藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)結合，有可能(neng)生產多品(pin)(pin)種、小批量藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)(shu)特種紙(zhi)類。

6）代布紙

在纖維原料中，加入一些濕強劑合成紙，可用來制造一次性衣服、床單、桌布、手巾等專用品，既衛生，又(you)方便。

7）和紙

日本研制開發的(de)(de)(de)(de)“和(he)(he)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”具有定量低、濕強度、拉伸率大、紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)柔軟、耐(nai)搓洗、可分切成窄幅(fu)盤(pan)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)特點，主要用(yong)(yong)于壓敏膠原(yuan)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，人造花紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及(ji)一(yi)次性(xing)(xing)濕毛巾原(yuan)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。特別(bie)是用(yong)(yong)于毛巾、浴巾原(yuan)料(liao)，取(qu)得了良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)。與(yu)其他材(cai)料(liao)相比，用(yong)(yong)“和(he)(he)紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)毛巾和(he)(he)浴巾，凹凸感強、搓洗效果(guo)好(hao)，紙(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)質(zhi)遇水(shui)(shui)柔軟、不傷(shang)皮(pi)膚(fu)，刺激、摩擦適(shi)度，特別(bie)是其吸水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)、透水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)速干性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，十分適(shi)宜做浴巾，成為市場上頗(po)受歡迎的(de)(de)(de)(de)新產品。

8）紡織材料用紙

近(jin)年來，日(ri)本(ben)在(zai)“和紙(zhi)”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)開(kai)發的(de)基礎上(shang)，將紙(zhi)作為紡(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)原(yuan)材料，經過染(ran)色、并捻等加(jia)工工藝，形(xing)成(cheng)粗細(xi)不(bu)等的(de)紙(zhi)線(xian)，成(cheng)功地(di)用(yong)于生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)紡(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)。目前，紡(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)材料用(yong)紙(zhi)向細(xi)線(xian)（窄條(tiao)盤紙(zhi)）發展(zhan)，如10mm、6mm、4mm寬(kuan)的(de)紙(zhi)線(xian)管，紙(zhi)越(yue)(yue)窄，捻線(xian)越(yue)(yue)細(xi)，強度要求也就越(yue)(yue)高(gao)，可生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)紡(fang)織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)種就越(yue)(yue)多。日(ri)本(ben)市場上(shang)已有用(yong)細(xi)紙(zhi)線(xian)與真絲并捻線(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)高(gao)檔T恤衫(shan)，其(qi)透氣性(xing)、吸汗性(xing)和速干(gan)性(xing)都(dou)較棉織(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)好得多，生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)難度大(da)、技術含量高(gao)。

特種紙的不足之處

第一(yi)，價格(ge)較貴(gui)(gui)。普通的壓(ya)紋(wen)紙(zhi)要(yao)比同定量的同類紙(zhi)張(zhang)貴(gui)(gui)很(hen)多，因此大批量用壓(ya)紋(wen)紙(zhi)印(yin)刷(shua)的畫冊(ce)因價格(ge)因素客戶不能承(cheng)受，所以一(yi)般只(zhi)用于(yu)封面或重要(yao)資料的設計及印(yin)刷(shua)。

第二，大多(duo)數特種紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)收性(xing)好、滲透力強(qiang)，但因有凹(ao)凸不(bu)平的(de)(de)(de)(de)紋路，使得在印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)時(shi)油墨滲透在縫隙中，特別是大面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)實地(di)版，很難干燥，容易粘臟。在印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)四色(se)疊印(yin)(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人物圖像時(shi)，調(diao)子(zi)比較沉悶。遇到不(bu)喜歡軟調(diao)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)消費者不(bu)理解為什(shen)么特種紙印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)產品顏色(se)不(bu)夠(gou)鮮艷的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況時(shi)，在采用特種紙印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)時(shi)，一定(ding)要(yao)把(ba)印(yin)(yin)刷(shua)效(xiao)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題與客(ke)戶溝(gou)通，以免造成(cheng)不(bu)必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損失。

第三，有色(se)特種(zhong)紙在印刷時，要(yao)注意深色(se)的特種(zhong)紙張表(biao)面是(shi)不能(neng)印四色(se)圖像的。只能(neng)印刷金屬(shu)光澤或專色(se)調配的油墨，如金、銀(yin)、專色(se)等。

如在淺(qian)米色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)、淺(qian)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)、淺(qian)藍色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)、淺(qian)粉色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)等淺(qian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)調(diao)(diao)特種紙的(de)表面(mian)印刷四(si)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)網(wang)目(mu)調(diao)(diao)圖(tu)像，就會出(chu)現(xian)偏(pian)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)現(xian)象，一般情況調(diao)(diao)子會偏(pian)向(xiang)紙張(zhang)表面(mian)的(de)顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。因此，設計時最好不(bu)要使(shi)用有顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)紙張(zhang)印刷網(wang)目(mu)調(diao)(diao)圖(tu)像。但如果能正確使(shi)用不(bu)同風格(ge)和不(bu)同顏色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)特種紙設計出(chu)的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)，會有意想(xiang)不(bu)到的(de)特殊效(xiao)果，會為您的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)錦上添(tian)花，增(zeng)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)少。

第四，在特種(zhong)(zhong)紙表面采用各種(zhong)(zhong)印后加工的(de)方法也(ye)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)不同的(de)風格。如在特種(zhong)(zhong)紙表面燙印和凹凸壓印等(deng)，都是非(fei)常好的(de)。