貴陽位于中國西南部、貴州省中(zhong)部,地(di)(di)處東經106°07′至107°17′,北緯26°11′至26°55′之(zhi)間。東南與黔(qian)南布依族苗族自治(zhi)州的甕安、龍里、惠水、長順4縣(xian)接壤,西(xi)靠安順地(di)(di)區(qu)的平壩縣(xian)和畢(bi)節地(di)(di)區(qu)的織金縣(xian),北鄰畢(bi)節地(di)(di)區(qu)的黔(qian)西(xi)、金沙2縣(xian)和遵(zun)義市的播州區(qu)。總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)8034平方公(gong)里,占全(quan)省面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的4.56%。
貴(gui)陽市海拔高度在1100米左右,處于費德爾(er)環流(liu)圈(quan),常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)受西風帶(dai)控制,屬(shu)于亞(ya)熱帶(dai)濕潤溫和型氣候,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫為(wei)(wei)15.3℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)極(ji)端最高溫度為(wei)(wei)35.1℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)極(ji)端最低溫度為(wei)(wei)-7.3℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)相對濕度為(wei)(wei)77%,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)總降水(shui)量為(wei)(wei)1129.5毫米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)雷電(dian)日數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)49.1天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)陰天(tian)(tian)日數(shu)為(wei)(wei)235.1天(tian)(tian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照時數(shu)為(wei)(wei)1148.3小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降雪日數(shu)少,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)僅為(wei)(wei)11.3天(tian)(tian)。
貴陽夏無酷暑,冬無嚴寒(han)。
貴陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)下轄(xia)(xia)6個市(shi)轄(xia)(xia)區(qu)(qu)(qu):南明區(qu)(qu)(qu)、云(yun)巖區(qu)(qu)(qu)、花溪區(qu)(qu)(qu)、烏(wu)當區(qu)(qu)(qu)、白云(yun)區(qu)(qu)(qu)、觀山湖區(qu)(qu)(qu),3個縣(xian):開陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)、息烽縣(xian)、修文縣(xian),代管1個縣(xian)級(ji)市(shi):清鎮市(shi)。有32鄉(其中民族鄉18個)、45個鎮、90個社區(qu)(qu)(qu),1054個行政村(cun)。市(shi)政府駐觀山湖區(qu)(qu)(qu)市(shi)級(ji)行政中心。
明永樂(le)(le)十一年(nian)(1313)置(zhi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)承皇布(bu)政使(shi)(shi),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)為布(bu)政使(shi)(shi)治所,民國(guo)24年(nian)(1935)由貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)設(she)(she)(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)和(he)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)筑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。春秋時期,今貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)屬柯國(guo)轄地。戰國(guo)時屬夜郎國(guo)范圍。明永樂(le)(le)十一年(nian)(1413)置(zhi)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)等處承宣布(bu)政使(shi)(shi)司(si)明隆慶三年(nian)(1569)年(nian)三月,改新遷程番(fan)府(fu)(fu)為貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府(fu)(fu)。清順治十六年(nian)(1659)設(she)(she)(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)巡撫駐貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)軍民府(fu)(fu)。民國(guo)三年(nian)(1914)廢貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)府(fu)(fu)設(she)(she)(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)州(zhou)分(fen)為3道(dao)(dao),貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)屬黔中道(dao)(dao),為道(dao)(dao)治;移貴(gui)(gui)(gui)筑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)駐扎佐,旋移息(xi)烽,改名息(xi)烽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。1949年(nian),設(she)(she)(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),管轄貴(gui)(gui)(gui)筑、修文、開(kai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)、息(xi)烽、惠水、龍里(li)等縣(xian)(xian)(xian),專(zhuan)署駐貴(gui)(gui)(gui)筑縣(xian)(xian)(xian)治(花(hua)溪)。1952年(nian),裁貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)設(she)(she)(she)貴(gui)(gui)(gui)定專(zhuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。1996年(nian)1月1日,經(jing)國(guo)務(wu)院批準將原安順地區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)管轄的(de)清鎮(zhen)市(shi)(shi)和(he)修文、息(xi)烽、開(kai)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)“一市(shi)(shi)三縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”劃歸貴(gui)(gui)(gui)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)市(shi)(shi)轄。2012年(nian),國(guo)務(wu)院批準小河區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)并入花(hua)溪區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu),以原烏當區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)金(jin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)街道(dao)(dao)、金(jin)華鎮(zhen)、朱(zhu)昌鎮(zhen)、清鎮(zhen)市(shi)(shi)百花(hua)湖(hu)鄉組建觀山(shan)湖(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。
蘭花的種植和品鑒一直是貴陽市的一個傳統文化項目,同時蘭花的君子品行又體現了貴陽的人文精神,故此,1987年9月經貴陽市人民代表大會常務委員會決定將蘭花命名為貴陽市花。蘭花作為貴陽市民族團結、民風淳樸、社會和諧的文化名片,更是受到社會各界的廣泛認同。紫薇在我國有幾千年的栽培史。紫薇花色(se)艷(yan)麗,花期6—9月,高貴(gui)典雅、幸福和平。
香(xiang)樟(zhang),是樟(zhang)目、樟(zhang)科、樟(zhang)屬常(chang)綠大喬木,為亞熱帶常(chang)綠闊葉樹種(zhong)。竹子,又名(ming)竹。品種(zhong)繁多,有箭竹等。貴陽市市樹香(xiang)樟(zhang)、翠竹的(de)堅強不屈(qu),體現貴陽人民的(de)勤勞、好客(ke)和(he)善(shan)良(liang)。
貴(gui)陽(yang)市的(de)主要礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)有煤(mei)、鋁土(tu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、磷礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、硫(liu)鐵(tie)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、水(shui)(shui)晶、石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)巖、石(shi)(shi)灰巖、白(bai)云巖、重(zhong)(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)膏和鉛(qian)鋅(xin)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)等20余種(zhong)。其中鋁土(tu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)和磷礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)在國內占有很重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)地(di)位。鋁土(tu)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)、磷礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)是貴(gui)陽(yang)地(di)區優勢礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan),其他(ta)如重(zhong)(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)、水(shui)(shui)晶、石(shi)(shi)英砂(sha)等有較大(da)開發前景。已探(tan)明礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)種(zhong)52種(zhong),主要有煤(mei)、鐵(tie)、硅、重(zhong)(zhong)晶石(shi)(shi)、大(da)理石(shi)(shi)、耐火粘土(tu)、鋁釩土(tu)、磷、硫(liu)、汞等礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)產(chan)資源。
貴陽境內地帶性植被為中亞熱帶濕潤性常綠闊葉林,城區原生植被已經完全被破壞。以殼斗科、樟科、山茶科為主的闊葉林,在烏當區百宜鄉、花溪區高坡苗族自治鄉等遠郊區及三縣一市邊遠深山尚有小面積殘存。貴陽境內有普通無脊椎動物7個門類,100余種;脊椎動物202種(亞種),其中魚綱50種,兩棲綱11種,爬行綱15種,鳥綱85(亞種)種,哺乳綱(亞種)41種。自20世紀60年代以后,各類動物急劇減少。貴陽市遠郊和3縣1市深山中尚存少量國家各級保護動物。計有:大鯢、鴛鴦、紅腹錦(jin)雞(ji)、穿山甲、八哥(鷯哥)、林麝、彌猴等及(ji)多(duo)種蛇類(lei)、蜥蜴(yi)類(lei)動(dong)物。
貴陽市水(shui)資(zi)源主要源于天然(ran)雨,全市年天然(ran)徑(jing)流546~640毫米,平均每平方公里產(chan)水(shui)56.3萬立(li)方米,水(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)為(wei)53.4億立(li)方米,占全省水(shui)資(zi)源總量(liang)的(de)3.9%。
貴陽全市土地(di)(di)總面積(ji)(ji)804667公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。其中(zhong),耕地(di)(di)271941公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)土地(di)(di)總面積(ji)(ji)的33.8%;園地(di)(di)7452公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)0.93%;林地(di)(di)273653公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)34.01%,森林覆蓋率(lv)39.19%;牧草地(di)(di)26670公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)3.31%;建設用地(di)(di)(含居民點及工礦用地(di)(di)、交通用地(di)(di)和水利(li)(li)設施)63017公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占(zhan)(zhan)7.83%;未利(li)(li)用地(di)(di)113163公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(其中(zhong):荒草地(di)(di)36278公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),裸(luo)巖(yan)石(shi)礫地(di)(di)71462公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),田土坎41294公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),裸(luo)土地(di)(di)615公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),灘涂267公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)),占(zhan)(zhan)14.06%。