【玉(yu)米(mi)除草(cao)(cao)劑】玉(yu)米(mi)除草(cao)(cao)劑哪種(zhong)好 玉(yu)米(mi)除草(cao)(cao)劑選擇和使用
玉米除草劑哪種好
由于玉米田里草的種類多種多樣,不同階段也會出現不同種類的草。因此,選擇玉米除草劑 需要根據雜草種類、生長階段選擇合適的玉米除草劑。
1、酰胺(an)類(lei)除草(cao)劑(ji):該類(lei)產品是目前(qian)玉米田(tian)最為(wei)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)一(yi)(yi)類(lei)除草(cao)劑(ji),可以被雜(za)草(cao)芽吸收, 在雜(za)草(cao)發芽前(qian)進行(xing)土壤(rang)封閉處理,能有效防(fang)治一(yi)(yi)年生禾本科雜(za)草(cao)和部分一(yi)(yi)年生闊葉雜(za)草(cao)。該 類(lei)除草(cao)劑(ji)品種較多,如乙草(cao)胺(an)、甲(jia)草(cao)胺(an)、丁草(cao)胺(an)、異丙甲(jia)草(cao)胺(an)、異丙草(cao)胺(an)等。
2、三氮苯類除草(cao)劑(ji):可以(yi)有效(xiao)防治一年(nian)生闊(kuo)葉(xie)雜草(cao)和一年(nian)生禾本科雜草(cao),以(yi)雜草(cao)根(gen)系吸(xi) 收(shou)(shou)為主,也可以(yi)被雜草(cao)莖葉(xie)少量(liang)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)。代表品種有莠去津(jin)、氰草(cao)津(jin)、西瑪津(jin)、撲草(cao)津(jin)等(deng),其 中以(yi)莠去津(jin)使用較多,對玉(yu)米較為安全(quan)(quan),活性最高(gao);但莠去津(jin)宜與乙草(cao)胺等(deng)混(hun)用以(yi)降低(di)用量(liang) ,提高(gao)除草(cao)效(xiao)果和對后(hou)茬作物的安全(quan)(quan)性。
3、苯(ben)氧羧(suo)酸類除草劑:主要用(yong)于玉米(mi)苗后防(fang)(fang)治闊葉(xie)雜草和香(xiang)附子。代表品種有2甲4氯(lv)鈉(na) 鹽(yan)、2。4-D丁(ding)酯(zhi)。其中2甲4氯(lv)鈉(na)鹽(yan)廣泛用(yong)于玉米(mi)田防(fang)(fang)治香(xiang)附子,但使用(yong)時(shi)期不當易產(chan)生藥害 。
4、磺酰脲類除草劑:煙嘧磺隆(long)、砜嘧磺隆(long)可(ke)以用(yong)于(yu)(yu)玉米田防治禾(he)本科(ke)(ke)雜(za)草、莎草科(ke)(ke)雜(za)草 和部分闊(kuo)葉(xie)雜(za)草;噻(sai)黃隆(long)可(ke)以用(yong)于(yu)(yu)玉米田防治一年生闊(kuo)葉(xie)雜(za)草。
5、其它除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji):百草(cao)(cao)枯和(he)草(cao)(cao)甘膦是滅生性(xing)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji),可以在(zai)玉米(mi)40厘米(mi)高以后進行定向噴 霧,有(you)效防治多種(zhong)雜草(cao)(cao);也可以用使(shi)它隆、百草(cao)(cao)敵、溴(xiu)苯(ben)腈、苯(ben)達(da)松等品種(zhong)防治玉米(mi)田闊(kuo)葉 雜草(cao)(cao)。
玉米除草劑使用方法
1、土壤封閉(bi)(bi)(bi)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)技(ji)術。土壤封閉(bi)(bi)(bi)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)技(ji)術一(yi)直是玉(yu)米(mi)田除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)方(fang)法(fa),雜(za)草(cao)(cao)出(chu)土前(qian)一(yi)次施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)即(ji)可有效(xiao)控制玉(yu)米(mi)整個生育(yu)期間(jian)的(de)(de)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)危害。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)封閉(bi)(bi)(bi)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)技(ji)術要(yao)(yao)(yao)點(dian)(dian)如下(xia): 要(yao)(yao)(yao)正確選用(yong)(yong)(yong)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)品種(zhong)(zhong):選擇具(ju)有新(xin)型、安全、高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)、低(di)毒、低(di)殘留(liu)等特點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian):玉(yu)米(mi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)出(chu)苗前(qian),或者是在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)早(zao)期使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。這(zhe)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期雜(za)草(cao)(cao)正處于出(chu)苗期,易觸藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)而死亡(wang),待雜(za)草(cao)(cao)出(chu)苗后(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)果就會不(bu)(bu)太理想。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):常用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),按照(zhao)說明書推薦劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。但機械(xie)收割麥(mai)茬較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)地塊,可適當增加用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。嚴(yan)禁點(dian)(dian)燃麥(mai)茬,以防(fang)燃燒后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)麥(mai)灰與除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)發生反應(ying),降低(di)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)效(xiao)。 使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa):要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)最好在(zai)(zai)澆水(shui)(shui)或降雨(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)田間(jian)濕(shi)度較大時(shi)(shi)(shi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),最好在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)立即(ji)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui),灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)2—3天即(ji)可噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)。兌藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充分(fen)搖晃均勻,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)按使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)面積計算藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),并(bing)準確量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)取(qu)。噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)為了不(bu)(bu)破(po)壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜(mo),采取(qu)倒(dao)著(zhu)走,邊噴(pen)邊退的(de)(de)方(fang)式進(jin)行(xing)。 注(zhu)意事項:一(yi)是最好使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)噴(pen)霧(wu)器(qi),兌水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)(yao)充足(zu),噴(pen)霧(wu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)均勻,勿重噴(pen)或漏噴(pen),避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)大風天氣噴(pen)霧(wu);二(er)是在(zai)(zai)玉(yu)米(mi)剛露頭時(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)玉(yu)米(mi)制種(zhong)(zhong)田、砂性土壤不(bu)(bu)宜使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),以免(mian)(mian)(mian)產生藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)害;三(san)是噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)地表形(xing)成一(yi)層藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜(mo),不(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)中耕而破(po)壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜(mo);四是噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)以早(zao)上10點(dian)(dian)前(qian)或下(xia)午4點(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)為好,避(bi)免(mian)(mian)(mian)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)液揮發或破(po)壞(huai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)膜(mo);五是施藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)內如遇大雨(yu),應(ying)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)噴(pen);六是對香附(fu)子(即(ji)莎草(cao)(cao))較多地塊應(ying)在(zai)(zai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期選用(yong)(yong)(yong)有效(xiao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)劑(ji)定(ding)向噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)除(chu)(chu);七是噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)清洗噴(pen)霧(wu)器(qi)械(xie),免(mian)(mian)(mian)傷其它作物。
2、莖葉(xie)(xie)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)。阿寶桶(tong)混劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是莠去津(jin)與寶成(cheng)組成(cheng)的(de)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田現混現用(yong)(yong)的(de)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)一次性(xing)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)。可(ke)防除(chu)稗草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、馬(ma)唐、牛筋(jin)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、狗尾草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、野燕麥(mai)、野高(gao)粱、黎、莧、風(feng)花(hua)菜(cai)、鴨跖草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、薺菜(cai)、馬(ma)齒莧、豬(zhu)毛(mao)菜(cai)、狼把草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、野西爪苗(miao)(miao)、豚草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)、苣賣菜(cai)、刺兒菜(cai)等多(duo)種(zhong)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田禾本科雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)。持效期適中,對(dui)當季(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)及(ji)后(hou)茬作(zuo)物(wu)安全,在(zai)干旱條件下,也能達(da)到很好的(de)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)效果(guo)。在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)3~5葉(xie)(xie)期,雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)3-5葉(xie)(xie)期施藥(yao)。華北夏(xia)(xia)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)38%莠去津(jin)1500毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)25%寶成(cheng)60克,東北春玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)38%莠去津(jin)2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)25%寶成(cheng)75克,加(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)。若(ruo)加(jia)入噴(pen)液量0。1%-0。2%的(de)非離子型表面活性(xing)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)(huo)中性(xing)洗衣粉,可(ke)提高(gao)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)效果(guo)。 玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)后(hou)3-5葉(xie)(xie)期,單(dan)子葉(xie)(xie)雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)l~2葉(xie)(xie)期,雙子葉(xie)(xie)雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)2~4葉(xie)(xie)期、每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃可(ke)用(yong)(yong)40%乙莠水(shui)(shui)懸(xuan)浮乳劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000~3750毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)4%玉(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)樂水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1200-1500毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)50%都阿合劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3000毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)38%莠去津(jin)膠(jiao)懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)48%拉索乳油(you)1800-2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)38%莠去津(jin)膠(jiao)懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)33%除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)通乳油(you)1500毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)38%莠去津(jin)膠(jiao)懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)4%玉(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)樂水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)900毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。或(huo)(huo)(huo)38%莠去津(jin)膠(jiao)懸(xuan)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)1800毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)48%百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)敵水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)300毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),加(jia)水(shui)(shui)750千克均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)。闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)較(jiao)重發生的(de)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)田,可(ke)在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)4~6葉(xie)(xie)期,每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)75%巨星(闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)凈)干懸(xuan)浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)15克。或(huo)(huo)(huo)75%寶收(闊(kuo)葉(xie)(xie)散)15克,或(huo)(huo)(huo)48%百草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)敵水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)375~450毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)72%2,4-滴丁(ding)酯乳油(you)750毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)22。5%伴(ban)地農(nong)乳油(you)1200-1500毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)20%使它隆乳油(you)750-900毫(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),加(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu)。 有的(de)地區若(ruo)在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)播(bo)種(zhong)出(chu)(chu)苗(miao)(miao)前后(hou)由于(yu)三夏(xia)(xia)大忙季(ji)節勞動力緊張,或(huo)(huo)(huo)因天氣炎熱多(duo)雨來(lai)不及(ji)施藥(yao)除(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),在(zai)玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)生長中后(hou)期發生草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)荒,每(mei)公(gong)(gong)頃用(yong)(yong)20%一把火水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)10%草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甘膦(lin)水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)9-12升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或(huo)(huo)(huo)41%一把手水(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)3~4。5升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)加(jia)水(shui)(shui)450升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),噴(pen)頭上加(jia)保(bao)護(hu)罩,對(dui)雜(za)(za)(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)定(ding)向噴(pen)霧(wu)(wu),盡量避(bi)免將藥(yao)液噴(pen)到玉(yu)(yu)(yu)米(mi)(mi)(mi)莖葉(xie)(xie)上。
3、免耕玉米田。由乙(yi)阿(a)合劑與農民樂(le)制成的(de)乙(yi)阿(a)樂(le)桶(tong)混(hun)劑是(shi)免耕帶茬播種(zhong)玉米田的(de)理想除草劑。該(gai)劑的(de)殺草譜廣、藥效顯著(zhu),既能(neng)防除所有已出(chu)苗的(de)雜草,又(you)能(neng)防除或(huo)控制末出(chu)苗的(de)一年生由種(zhong)子繁(fan)殖的(de)禾(he)本科及闊葉雜草;持效期長,一次施藥能(neng)保證整個生長季節不受雜草為(wei)害,而且對當(dang)季和后(hou)茬作物都很安全(quan)。在小麥收割(ge)后(hou),玉米播種(zhong)前,每公頃(qing)用40%乙(yi)阿(a)合劑2250-3000克(ke)加74。7%農民樂(le)600-900克(ke),兌水450升(sheng),噴(pen)頭高度(du)應高于雜草30厘米,均勻噴(pen)霧(wu)。
4、地膜(mo)覆蓋玉(yu)米田(tian)。在(zai)氣(qi)溫較低又干旱(han)的(de)(de)春玉(yu)米區,常采用地膜(mo)覆蓋栽培(pei)技(ji)術,來增地溫保墑情,以促進玉(yu)米出苗快(kuai)長。由于(yu)地膜(mo)內的(de)(de)溫度(du)高(gao),濕度(du)大(da),十分有利于(yu)除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)藥(yao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)發揮,因此,與(yu)露地施(shi)藥(yao)相比(bi)(bi),較低的(de)(de)除(chu)草(cao)劑(ji)用量(一般(ban)比(bi)(bi)常規用量減少(shao)1/4~1/2)便可收(shou)到很好的(de)(de)除(chu)草(cao)效(xiao)果。每公頃可用40%乙(yi)莠(you)水(shui)懸浮乳(ru)(ru)劑(ji)1800~2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或50%乙(yi)草(cao)胺乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)750-1050毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或72%都(dou)爾乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)900~1200毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),90%禾耐(nai)斯乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)600~750毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或48%拉索(suo)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),或33%除(chu)草(cao)通(tong)乳(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)(you)1500-2250毫(hao)(hao)(hao)升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),在(zai)玉(yu)米播種鎮壓后加水(shui)450-750升(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),均勻(yun)噴霧,然后覆膜(mo)封(feng)土(tu)。如果是(shi)苗帶施(shi)藥(yao),要根據實際施(shi)藥(yao)面(mian)積計算用藥(yao)量。