【變壓器鐵(tie)芯】變壓器鐵(tie)芯材(cai)料 變壓器鐵(tie)芯作用(yong) 變壓器鐵(tie)芯接地(di)

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片本身也(ye)是導電體(ti)，在(zai)交流(liu)磁通的作(zuo)用下(xia)，無法(fa)避免會在(zai)會在(zai)鐵(tie)芯內也(ye)產生感(gan)應電流(liu)。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講(jiang)是非常(chang)不利的。嚴(yan)重時，導致金屬(shu)快(kuai)速升溫，會將鐵芯局部熔化，稱(cheng)為鐵芯“失(shi)火”。

3、每(mei)片之間涂(tu)了(le)(le)絕緣(yuan)漆(qi)之后，使鐵(tie)芯在產生的那個截面，被分(fen)(fen)割(ge)成很多的小截面的導(dao)體。這樣其電(dian)阻就(jiu)變(bian)大了(le)(le)。所以涂(tu)絕緣(yuan)漆(qi)的鐵(tie)芯，雖然也(ye)存在渦流損耗(hao)（屬(shu)于鐵(tie)耗(hao)的一部分(fen)(fen)），但比(bi)之前小了(le)(le)很多很多。

4、因此，硅(gui)鋼片(pian)越薄(bo)，其損(sun)耗就越小。通常(chang)情(qing)況(kuang)下，冷軋(ya)硅(gui)鋼片(pian)表面的絕緣漆(qi)，在出廠(chang)前已(yi)經涂好。我們(men)只要(yao)不去損(sun)壞他就可以不用再涂漆(qi)了。

因此采(cai)用(yong)涂(tu)絕(jue)緣漆的(de)薄硅(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)來疊成(cheng)，使每片(pian)硅(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)形(xing)成(cheng)獨立的(de)導體就可(ke)以(yi)避免該問題了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和阻抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初級線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)有(you)(you)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)便產生交(jiao)流(liu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)，使次級線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)感應(ying)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)）和線圈(quan)(quan)組成(cheng)。 其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)耦合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)形成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路，由于(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小，大(da)大(da)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。 廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)線圈(quan)(quan)之間耦合材料(liao)(liao)分，有(you)(you)空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)一(yi)般(ban)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片做成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)(gui)(gui)量(liang)在(zai)3％左(zuo)右、其(qi)(qi)它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)合金(jin)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片大(da)量(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)中(zhong)低(di)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)，尤其(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)為(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)本身是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種導磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能(neng)力(li)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，在(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)，它(ta)(ta)可(ke)以產生較(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應(ying)強(qiang)度，從(cong)而可(ke)以使變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)積變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小，提高(gao)(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率(lv)(lv)(lv)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)和磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感應(ying)強(qiang)度（2.0T以上），因(yin)此作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)可(ke)以在(zai)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)點(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)（如工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感值1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)在(zai)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損也是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)了(le)防止鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)因(yin)損耗太大(da)而發熱，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般(ban)只能(neng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)20KHz以下。所以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)50Hz左(zuo)右。 根(gen)據上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹可(ke)知，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就不要(yao)(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)，工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路或者頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)較(jiao)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就要(yao)(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)。否則它(ta)(ta)們就不能(neng)正常(chang)(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地(di)(di)斷續性擊穿放電，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)一點(dian)接地(di)(di)后消(xiao)除了形成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)懸浮電位的(de)可能。但當(dang)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)出現兩點(dian)以上接地(di)(di)時，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)間的(de)不均(jun)勻電位就會(hui)在接地(di)(di)點(dian)之(zhi)間形成(cheng)(cheng)環流，并造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)多 點(dian)接地(di)(di)發熱(re)故(gu)障。變壓器的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)接地(di)(di)故(gu)障會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)局部過(guo)熱(re)，嚴重時，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)局部溫升增加，輕(qing)瓦斯動(dong)作，甚至將會(hui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)重瓦斯動(dong)作而(er)跳 閘的(de)事故(gu)。

燒熔的(de)(de)局部(bu)鐵芯形成鐵芯片間的(de)(de)短(duan)路故障，使鐵損(sun)變大，嚴重(zhong)影響變壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)性(xing)能和(he)正常工作(zuo)，以(yi)至必須更換鐵芯硅(gui)鋼(gang)片加以(yi)修復(fu)。所以(yi)變壓(ya)(ya)器不允許多點接地只能有且(qie)只有一點接地。

范圍包括：

1）變壓(ya)器內部的多相(xiang)短路。

2）匝間(jian)短路(lu)，繞組(zu)與鐵芯或外殼短路(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油(you)面下將或漏(lou)油(you)。

5）分接(jie)開關接(jie)觸不(bu)良或導線焊(han)接(jie)不(bu)牢固。

主變差動與瓦斯保護的(de)作用(yong)有區別

1、主變差動保護(hu)是按循環電流原理(li)設計制(zhi)造的，而瓦斯保護(hu)是根據變壓器(qi)內部(bu)故障(zhang)時(shi)會產生或(huo)分解出氣體(ti)這一特(te)點設計制(zhi)造的。

2、差(cha)動保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為變壓器(qi)的(de)主(zhu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)，瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)(hu)為變壓器(qi)內部故障時的(de)主(zhu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

3、保護范圍不同：A差動保護：

1）主(zhu)變(bian)引出線(xian)(xian)及變(bian)壓器(qi)線(xian)(xian)圈發生多相短路(lu)。

2）單(dan)相(xiang)嚴重的(de)匝間(jian)短路。

3）在大(da)電流接地系統中保護線圈(quan)及引出線上的接地故障(zhang)。B瓦斯保護：

1）變(bian)壓器(qi)內部(bu)多相短路。

2）匝間(jian)短路(lu)，匝間(jian)與鐵芯或外(wai)及短路(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障（發熱燒(shao)損）。

4）油面下將或漏油。

5）分接開關接觸(chu)不良或導線焊接不