【變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)】變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)材料 變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)作用 變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)接(jie)地

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼(gang)片本(ben)身(shen)也是(shi)導電體(ti)，在交流(liu)磁通的作用下，無(wu)法避免會(hui)在會(hui)在鐵芯內也產生感應電流(liu)。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講是非常不利(li)的。嚴重時，導致(zhi)金屬快速升溫，會將鐵芯局部熔化(hua)，稱為鐵芯“失火”。

3、每片(pian)之(zhi)間涂(tu)了絕(jue)緣漆之(zhi)后，使鐵芯在產生(sheng)的(de)那個截面(mian)，被(bei)分割成(cheng)很多的(de)小截面(mian)的(de)導體。這樣其(qi)電阻就變大了。所以涂(tu)絕(jue)緣漆的(de)鐵芯，雖然也存(cun)在渦流損耗（屬于鐵耗的(de)一部分），但比之(zhi)前小了很多很多。

4、因(yin)此，硅(gui)鋼片(pian)(pian)越(yue)薄，其損耗就越(yue)小。通(tong)常(chang)情況下，冷(leng)軋(ya)硅(gui)鋼片(pian)(pian)表面(mian)的絕緣漆(qi)，在出(chu)廠前(qian)已經(jing)涂(tu)好。我(wo)們只要(yao)不去損壞(huai)他就可以不用(yong)再涂(tu)漆(qi)了(le)。

因此采(cai)用涂絕緣(yuan)漆的薄硅(gui)鋼片來疊成，使(shi)每片硅(gui)鋼片形(xing)成獨(du)立的導體就可以避(bi)免該問題了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)阻抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)通有(you)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)(zhong)便產(chan)生(sheng)交流(liu)(liu)磁(ci)(ci)通，使(shi)次級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)感應(ying)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）和(he)(he)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)組成。 其中(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)耦合磁(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)主磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)形成磁(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合磁(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)路(lu)，由于磁(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小(xiao)，大大提高(gao)(gao)了變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。 廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)之間耦合材料(liao)分，有(you)空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)大多是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片做成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)3％左右(you)、其它主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)合金。硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片大量(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)(zhong)低(di)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)為硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)本(ben)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種導磁(ci)(ci)能(neng)(neng)力很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，在(zai)(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)，它可(ke)以(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)較大的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)感應(ying)強度，從而可(ke)以(yi)使(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)體積變(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)，提高(gao)(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)。硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)軟磁(ci)(ci)材料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)感應(ying)強度（2.0T以(yi)上），因(yin)此(ci)作為變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作點工(gong)作（如工(gong)作磁(ci)(ci)感值1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)在(zai)(zai)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)(ci)材料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)損也是(shi)(shi)(shi)最(zui)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)，為了防(fang)止鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因(yin)損耗太大而發熱，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般只能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作在(zai)(zai)20KHz以(yi)下。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)大多是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)50Hz左右(you)。 根(gen)據上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹可(ke)知，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就不(bu)要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或者頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。否則它們就不(bu)能(neng)(neng)正常(chang)工(gong)作。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地斷續性擊穿放電，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)一點(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)地后(hou)消除了形(xing)(xing)成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)懸浮(fu)電位的(de)可能。但當鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)出現兩(liang)點(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)上接(jie)地時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)間的(de)不均勻電位就會(hui)在接(jie)地點(dian)(dian)(dian)之間形(xing)(xing)成環流，并造(zao)成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)多 點(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)地發熱(re)故(gu)障。變壓器的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)接(jie)地故(gu)障會(hui)造(zao)成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)局部過熱(re)，嚴(yan)重時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)局部溫升增加，輕瓦斯動作，甚(shen)至將(jiang)會(hui)造(zao)成重瓦斯動作而跳 閘的(de)事(shi)故(gu)。

燒熔的局部鐵(tie)芯形成鐵(tie)芯片間(jian)的短(duan)路故障(zhang)，使(shi)鐵(tie)損變(bian)大，嚴重影響變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的性能和正常工(gong)作，以至(zhi)必須更換(huan)鐵(tie)芯硅鋼片加以修復(fu)。所以變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)不允(yun)許(xu)多點接地只(zhi)能有(you)且(qie)只(zhi)有(you)一(yi)點接地。

范圍包括：

1）變壓器內部(bu)的多相短路(lu)。

2）匝間短路(lu)，繞(rao)組與鐵芯(xin)或(huo)外殼短路(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面下(xia)將或(huo)漏油。

5）分(fen)接開關接觸不良或導(dao)線焊接不牢(lao)固。

主變差動(dong)與瓦斯保護(hu)的作(zuo)用有區別

1、主變(bian)差動保護是按循(xun)環電(dian)流原(yuan)理設計(ji)制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)，而(er)瓦斯保護是根據變(bian)壓器內部故(gu)障時會產生或分解出氣體這一(yi)特點設計(ji)制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)(de)。

2、差動保護(hu)為變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)(de)主(zhu)保護(hu)，瓦(wa)斯保護(hu)為變(bian)壓(ya)器內部故障時的(de)(de)主(zhu)保護(hu)。

3、保護范圍(wei)不同：A差動保護：

1）主變(bian)引出(chu)線及變(bian)壓器線圈(quan)發(fa)生(sheng)多相短路。

2）單相(xiang)嚴重的匝(za)間短路。

3）在大電流接(jie)地系統中保(bao)護線圈及引出線上的接(jie)地故障。B瓦斯保(bao)護：

1）變壓器內部多相短(duan)路(lu)。

2）匝間短(duan)路(lu)(lu)，匝間與鐵(tie)芯或外及短(duan)路(lu)(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障（發熱燒損）。

4）油面下(xia)將或漏油。

5）分接(jie)開關接(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)良(liang)或導(dao)線焊接(jie)不(bu)