【變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)】變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)材料(liao) 變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)作用 變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)芯(xin)(xin)接地

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片本身也是導電體，在(zai)交流磁通的作用下，無法避免(mian)會(hui)在(zai)會(hui)在(zai)鐵芯內也產生感應電流。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講是非常(chang)不利的。嚴重時，導(dao)致金屬(shu)快速(su)升溫，會將(jiang)鐵芯(xin)局(ju)部熔化，稱為鐵芯(xin)“失火”。

3、每片(pian)之間涂了絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆(qi)之后，使鐵(tie)芯(xin)在產生(sheng)的那個截面，被分割成(cheng)很多(duo)(duo)的小(xiao)截面的導體。這樣其電阻就變大(da)了。所以涂絕(jue)緣(yuan)漆(qi)的鐵(tie)芯(xin)，雖然也存在渦流損(sun)耗（屬于鐵(tie)耗的一部分），但比之前小(xiao)了很多(duo)(duo)很多(duo)(duo)。

4、因此，硅鋼(gang)片越(yue)薄，其損耗就越(yue)小。通常情況下，冷軋硅鋼(gang)片表面的絕緣漆，在(zai)出廠前(qian)已經(jing)涂好。我們只要不去(qu)損壞他就可以不用再涂漆了。

因此采用涂絕緣漆(qi)的薄硅(gui)鋼片來(lai)疊(die)成，使每片硅(gui)鋼片形(xing)成獨立的導體就可以避免該問題(ti)了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和阻抗(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)(tong)有(you)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)時(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)便(bian)產生(sheng)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)，使(shi)(shi)次級(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應(ying)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)（或(huo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)）和線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)組(zu)成。 其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耦合(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形成磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合(he)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)，由于(yu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻很(hen)小，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)了變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)。 廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)之(zhi)間(jian)耦合(he)材料分，有(you)空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用在(zai)頻率(lv)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)一般都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼片(pian)做成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)(gui)(gui)量在(zai)3％左右、其(qi)它(ta)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)合(he)金(jin)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼片(pian)大(da)(da)(da)量用于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低(di)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)頻變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因為(wei)(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼本(ben)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種導磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能力很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)質(zhi)，在(zai)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它(ta)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)較大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應(ying)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)，從而可以(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體積變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小，提高(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率(lv)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)常(chang)用軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應(ying)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)（2.0T以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)），因此作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)可以(yi)(yi)(yi)在(zai)很(hen)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)點(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)（如工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)值(zhi)1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼在(zai)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)損也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)(wei)了防止鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)因損耗太大(da)(da)(da)而發熱(re)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用頻率(lv)不高(gao)，一般只(zhi)能工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)20KHz以(yi)(yi)(yi)下(xia)。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)50Hz左右。 根據上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹可知，高(gao)頻率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)不要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)(gong)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)或(huo)者頻率(lv)較低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)要(yao)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)。否(fou)則它(ta)們就(jiu)不能正常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地(di)斷(duan)續(xu)性(xing)擊穿放電，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)一點接地(di)后消(xiao)除了(le)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)懸(xuan)浮電位的可能。但當鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)出(chu)現兩點以上接地(di)時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)間的不均勻電位就會在接地(di)點之間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)環流，并造成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)多 點接地(di)發熱(re)故障。變壓器的鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)接地(di)故障會造成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)局(ju)部過熱(re)，嚴重時，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)局(ju)部溫(wen)升增加，輕(qing)瓦斯(si)動(dong)作，甚至將會造成(cheng)(cheng)重瓦斯(si)動(dong)作而(er)跳 閘的事故。

燒熔的局部(bu)鐵芯(xin)形成鐵芯(xin)片(pian)間的短路故(gu)障，使鐵損變(bian)大，嚴重(zhong)影響(xiang)變(bian)壓(ya)器的性能(neng)和正常工作，以至(zhi)必須更換鐵芯(xin)硅鋼片(pian)加(jia)以修復(fu)。所(suo)以變(bian)壓(ya)器不允許多點接(jie)地(di)只(zhi)能(neng)有且只(zhi)有一點接(jie)地(di)。

范圍包括：

1）變壓(ya)器內部的多相短路。

2）匝間短路(lu)(lu)，繞組與(yu)鐵(tie)芯或外殼短路(lu)(lu)。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面(mian)下(xia)將(jiang)或漏油。

5）分接(jie)開關接(jie)觸不(bu)良或導線焊接(jie)不(bu)牢固。

主變差動與瓦斯保護的(de)作用有區別

1、主變差動保護是按循環電流原理設計制造的，而瓦(wa)斯保護是根據變壓(ya)器內(nei)部故障時會產生或分解出氣(qi)體這一(yi)特點(dian)設計制造的。

2、差動保(bao)護為變壓器(qi)的主保(bao)護，瓦斯(si)保(bao)護為變壓器(qi)內部(bu)故障時的主保(bao)護。

3、保(bao)護范圍(wei)不同：A差動保(bao)護：

1）主變引出線及變壓(ya)器(qi)線圈發(fa)生多(duo)相短路。

2）單相嚴重(zhong)的(de)匝間短路。

3）在大(da)電流接地(di)(di)系(xi)統(tong)中保護線圈(quan)及(ji)引(yin)出線上的接地(di)(di)故障。B瓦斯(si)保護：

1）變(bian)壓器內部多相短路(lu)。

2）匝(za)間短(duan)路，匝(za)間與鐵芯或外及短(duan)路。

3）鐵芯(xin)故(gu)障（發熱燒損）。

4）油(you)面下將或(huo)漏油(you)。

5）分(fen)接(jie)(jie)開(kai)關(guan)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)良或導線焊(han)接(jie)(jie)不(bu)