【變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)(tie)芯】變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)(tie)芯材料 變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)(tie)芯作用 變(bian)壓(ya)器鐵(tie)(tie)芯接地(di)

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片本(ben)身也(ye)是導電(dian)體(ti)，在(zai)交流(liu)(liu)磁通(tong)的(de)作用下，無法避(bi)免會在(zai)會在(zai)鐵芯內也(ye)產生感應電(dian)流(liu)(liu)。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)不利(li)的。嚴重時，導致金(jin)屬快速升(sheng)溫，會將(jiang)鐵芯(xin)局(ju)部熔(rong)化，稱(cheng)為鐵芯(xin)“失火”。

3、每(mei)片之間涂了絕緣漆之后，使鐵(tie)(tie)芯在(zai)產生的(de)(de)那個截面(mian)，被分割成很(hen)多(duo)的(de)(de)小截面(mian)的(de)(de)導體。這樣其電阻就變(bian)大了。所(suo)以涂絕緣漆的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯，雖然也(ye)存在(zai)渦流損耗（屬于鐵(tie)(tie)耗的(de)(de)一部(bu)分），但比之前小了很(hen)多(duo)很(hen)多(duo)。

4、因此，硅(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)越薄，其(qi)損耗就(jiu)越小(xiao)。通常情(qing)況下，冷軋(ya)硅(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)表面的(de)絕緣漆(qi)，在出廠前已(yi)經涂好。我們只要不(bu)去損壞他就(jiu)可以不(bu)用(yong)再(zai)涂漆(qi)了。

因(yin)此采(cai)用涂絕緣(yuan)漆的薄硅鋼片(pian)來(lai)疊成，使每片(pian)硅鋼片(pian)形成獨立的導體就可以避免該問題了(le)

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)阻抗的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian)，當初級線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)有交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)時(shi)，鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)便產(chan)生交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)磁(ci)通(tong)，使次級線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感(gan)應出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）和(he)線(xian)圈(quan)組成(cheng)。 其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耦合磁(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主磁(ci)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)形成(cheng)磁(ci)阻很(hen)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合磁(ci)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)路(lu)(lu)(lu)，由于磁(ci)阻很(hen)小(xiao)，大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高了變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率。 廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按線(xian)圈(quan)之(zhi)間耦合材(cai)料(liao)分(fen)，有空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)多是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)頻(pin)率高的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片做成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)是(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)(gui)(gui)量(liang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3％左(zuo)右、其它主要是(shi)(shi)鐵的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鐵合金。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片大(da)(da)量(liang)用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其是(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)本身是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)種導磁(ci)能力很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，在(zai)(zai)(zai)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)圈(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，它可(ke)以(yi)產(chan)生較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)感(gan)應強(qiang)度，從而可(ke)以(yi)使變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體積變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小(xiao)，提高變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)率。硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)具有常(chang)用(yong)(yong)軟磁(ci)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和(he)磁(ci)感(gan)應強(qiang)度（2.0T以(yi)上(shang)），因(yin)此作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使用(yong)(yong)時(shi)可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)點工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)（如工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)磁(ci)感(gan)值1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟磁(ci)材(cai)料(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鐵損(sun)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)(wei)了防止鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因(yin)損(sun)耗(hao)太大(da)(da)而發熱，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)頻(pin)率不高，一(yi)(yi)般只能工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20KHz以(yi)下(xia)。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)率大(da)(da)多是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)50Hz左(zuo)右。 根據上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹(shao)可(ke)知，高頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)不要鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)(gong)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或者頻(pin)率較低的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就(jiu)要鐵芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。否則(ze)它們就(jiu)不能正(zheng)常(chang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地斷續性擊(ji)穿放電(dian)，鐵(tie)(tie)芯一點接(jie)(jie)地后消除了形成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯懸浮電(dian)位的(de)可能。但當鐵(tie)(tie)芯出現(xian)兩點以(yi)上接(jie)(jie)地時，鐵(tie)(tie)芯間(jian)的(de)不(bu)均勻電(dian)位就會(hui)在接(jie)(jie)地點之間(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)環流，并造成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯多(duo) 點接(jie)(jie)地發(fa)熱(re)故(gu)障。變壓器的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯接(jie)(jie)地故(gu)障會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)鐵(tie)(tie)芯局(ju)部過熱(re)，嚴(yan)重(zhong)時，鐵(tie)(tie)芯局(ju)部溫升增加，輕瓦斯動(dong)作(zuo)，甚至將會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)瓦斯動(dong)作(zuo)而跳 閘(zha)的(de)事故(gu)。

燒熔的局部鐵芯形成鐵芯片間的短路故障，使(shi)鐵損變(bian)(bian)大(da)，嚴重影響變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的性能(neng)和正常工作，以至(zhi)必須更換鐵芯硅鋼片加以修復。所以變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)不允(yun)許多(duo)點接地只能(neng)有且(qie)只有一點接地。

范圍包括：

1）變壓器內部的多(duo)相短(duan)路。

2）匝間短路，繞(rao)組與鐵芯或外殼短路。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面(mian)下將或漏油。

5）分接(jie)開關(guan)接(jie)觸不良或導線(xian)焊接(jie)不牢固。

主(zhu)變(bian)差動與瓦斯保護的作用(yong)有區別

1、主變(bian)差動保護是按循環電流原理設計(ji)制(zhi)造的，而瓦斯保護是根據(ju)變(bian)壓器內部故(gu)障時會產生或分解出氣體這一(yi)特(te)點設計(ji)制(zhi)造的。

2、差(cha)動保護為變壓器的主保護，瓦斯保護為變壓器內部故障時的主保護。

3、保(bao)護范圍不(bu)同(tong)：A差動保(bao)護：

1）主(zhu)變引出線(xian)及變壓器線(xian)圈發生多相短路。

2）單相嚴重的匝(za)間短路。

3）在(zai)大電流(liu)接(jie)地(di)系統中(zhong)保(bao)護(hu)線圈及引出線上的接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障。B瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)：

1）變壓器內部多(duo)相短路。

2）匝間(jian)短(duan)路，匝間(jian)與(yu)鐵芯或外及短(duan)路。

3）鐵芯故(gu)障（發熱(re)燒損）。

4）油面(mian)下將或漏油。

5）分接(jie)開關接(jie)觸不(bu)良(liang)或導線焊(han)接(jie)不(bu)