【變壓器鐵芯】變壓器鐵芯材料(liao) 變壓器鐵芯作用 變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯材料

1、硅鋼片本身也(ye)是導電(dian)體，在交流磁通的作(zuo)用(yong)下，無法避免(mian)會在會在鐵芯內也(ye)產生感應電(dian)流。

2、如果，鐵芯是一個整體，相當于是一個面積很大的導體，電路又短，其電阻值非常的小，雖然感應的電壓并不高，但電流卻很大。這樣產生了極大的渦流（環流）損耗。這對變壓器來講是(shi)非常(chang)不利的。嚴重(zhong)時，導致金屬(shu)快(kuai)速升溫(wen)，會將鐵芯局部熔化，稱為鐵芯“失火”。

3、每片之間涂(tu)(tu)了絕緣(yuan)漆之后，使鐵(tie)芯(xin)在產(chan)生的那個(ge)截面，被(bei)分割成很多的小截面的導體。這樣其電阻就變大(da)了。所以(yi)涂(tu)(tu)絕緣(yuan)漆的鐵(tie)芯(xin)，雖(sui)然也(ye)存在渦流損耗（屬(shu)于鐵(tie)耗的一部分），但比之前小了很多很多。

4、因此，硅鋼片(pian)(pian)越(yue)薄，其損耗就越(yue)小。通常情況下，冷軋硅鋼片(pian)(pian)表面的絕緣漆，在出廠前(qian)已經涂好(hao)。我們只要(yao)不去損壞他就可以不用再涂漆了。

因此采用涂絕緣(yuan)漆的薄硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)(pian)來(lai)疊(die)成，使每片(pian)(pian)硅(gui)鋼(gang)(gang)片(pian)(pian)形成獨立的導(dao)體(ti)就可(ke)以避免該問題了

變壓器鐵芯作用

變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流和阻(zu)抗(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件，當初(chu)級(ji)線圈中(zhong)通有(you)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）中(zhong)便(bian)產生交流磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通，使(shi)次級(ji)線圈中(zhong)感(gan)應(ying)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)（或電(dian)(dian)(dian)流）。變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)（或磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)）和線圈組(zu)成。 其(qi)中(zhong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)——是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)耦合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)。 變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形成磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)很(hen)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)偶合磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，由于磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)阻(zu)很(hen)小，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)提高(gao)(gao)了(le)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率。 廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)說，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)線圈之間耦合材料分，有(you)空(kong)(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。 空(kong)(kong)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)(zai)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就一(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)做(zuo)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)含硅(gui)(gui)量在(zai)(zai)3％左右(you)、其(qi)它(ta)(ta)主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅(gui)(gui)鐵(tie)(tie)合金。硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)片(pian)大(da)(da)(da)量用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)機鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，尤其(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。因為(wei)硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)本身(shen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種導磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)能力很(hen)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，在(zai)(zai)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)線圈中(zhong)，它(ta)(ta)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)產生較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應(ying)強(qiang)(qiang)度，從而可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)體積(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)小，提高(gao)(gao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)效率。硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)常用(yong)(yong)軟(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料中(zhong)最高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飽和磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)應(ying)強(qiang)(qiang)度（2.0T以(yi)上(shang)），因此作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)點工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)（如工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)感(gan)值1.5T）。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，硅(gui)(gui)鋼(gang)在(zai)(zai)常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)材料中(zhong)鐵(tie)(tie)損也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)最大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，為(wei)了(le)防止鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)因損耗(hao)太大(da)(da)(da)而發熱，它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率不高(gao)(gao)，一(yi)般只能工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)在(zai)(zai)20KHz以(yi)下。所以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)50Hz左右(you)。 根據上(shang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)介紹可(ke)(ke)知，高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就不要鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)，工(gong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)或者頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率較(jiao)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)就要鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。否則它(ta)(ta)們就不能正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。

變壓器鐵芯接地

變壓器鐵芯接地原因：

電力變壓器正常運行時，鐵芯必須有一點可靠接地。若沒有接地，則鐵芯對地的懸浮電壓，會造成鐵芯對地(di)斷(duan)續性擊(ji)穿放電(dian)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯一(yi)點接(jie)地(di)后消除(chu)了形成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯懸浮電(dian)位的(de)可(ke)能(neng)。但(dan)當鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯出現兩點以上接(jie)地(di)時(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯間的(de)不(bu)均勻電(dian)位就會在接(jie)地(di)點之間形成環流，并(bing)造成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯多 點接(jie)地(di)發熱故(gu)障。變(bian)壓(ya)器的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯接(jie)地(di)故(gu)障會造成鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯局部過熱，嚴重時(shi)，鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)芯局部溫(wen)升增加，輕瓦斯動(dong)作，甚(shen)至將會造成重瓦斯動(dong)作而跳(tiao) 閘的(de)事故(gu)。

燒(shao)熔(rong)的(de)局部(bu)鐵(tie)芯形成鐵(tie)芯片(pian)間(jian)的(de)短路故障，使鐵(tie)損變大，嚴(yan)重影響變壓器的(de)性能和正常工作，以(yi)(yi)至必須更換鐵(tie)芯硅鋼(gang)片(pian)加(jia)以(yi)(yi)修復。所以(yi)(yi)變壓器不允許多(duo)點接地只能有且只有一(yi)點接地。

范圍包括：

1）變壓器內部的多相(xiang)短路。

2）匝間短(duan)路，繞組與鐵(tie)芯或外殼短(duan)路。

3）鐵芯故障。

4）油面下(xia)將或漏油。

5）分接(jie)開關接(jie)觸不(bu)良或(huo)導線(xian)焊接(jie)不(bu)牢固。

主變差動與(yu)瓦(wa)斯保護的作用有區別

1、主變差動保護(hu)是按循環電流原(yuan)理設計制(zhi)造的(de)，而瓦斯(si)保護(hu)是根據(ju)變壓器內部故障(zhang)時會產生或分解出氣體這一特點設計制(zhi)造的(de)。

2、差動(dong)保(bao)護(hu)為(wei)變壓(ya)器的主保(bao)護(hu)，瓦斯保(bao)護(hu)為(wei)變壓(ya)器內(nei)部故障時的主保(bao)護(hu)。

3、保護范圍(wei)不同：A差動保護：

1）主變引出線及變壓器(qi)線圈發生多相短路。

2）單相嚴(yan)重的(de)匝間短路。

3）在(zai)大電流接(jie)地系(xi)統(tong)中保(bao)護線(xian)圈及(ji)引出線(xian)上的接(jie)地故(gu)障。B瓦斯保(bao)護：

1）變壓器內(nei)部多相短路。

2）匝間短路，匝間與鐵芯或外及短路。

3）鐵芯(xin)故障（發熱燒損）。

4）油面(mian)下將或(huo)漏油。

5）分接(jie)開(kai)關接(jie)觸不(bu)良或(huo)導(dao)線(xian)焊接(jie)不(bu)