變壓器的原理
變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)原理并不復雜,它利(li)用(yong)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應原理。當其中(zhong)一(yi)塊(kuai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體有一(yi)些(xie)不定量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過,便(bian)會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)變(bian)動的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)(de)互(hu)感(gan)原理,這變(bian)動的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場會使第(di)二塊(kuai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第(di)二塊(kuai)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體是(shi)一(yi)條閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部份(fen),那么該閉(bi)合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路便(bian)會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力于是(shi)得以傳(chuan)送。在通用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器中(zhong),有關的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)組成線(xian)(xian)圈,因為線(xian)(xian)圈所產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)場要(yao)比一(yi)條筆(bi)直的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)大得多。當初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)圈中(zhong)通有交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi),鐵芯中(zhong)便(bian)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)交流磁(ci)通,使次級線(xian)(xian)圈中(zhong)感(gan)應出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)圈、次級線(xian)(xian)圈的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VS,VP和(he)兩者的(de)(de)(de)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)匝數NS,NP之間有正比的(de)(de)(de)關系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)(de)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)性質使它成為轉換電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)重要設備。由于變壓(ya)器(qi)遵守(shou)這(zhe)(zhe)兩條(tiao)定(ding)律(lv),它不會是(shi)放(fang)大器(qi)。如果處在變壓(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)有所(suo)不同,那么流(liu)經變壓(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)也會不同,而(er)兩者的(de)(de)差(cha)距則(ze)成反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器能直接看到(dao)鐵芯和線圈,大(da)多使用硅(gui)橡(xiang)膠套管(guan)(guan),適(shi)用于配(pei)電(dian)用,容(rong)量大(da)都(dou)在1600KVA以(yi)下(xia)(xia),電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)在10KV以(yi)下(xia)(xia),也(ye)有個別做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)35KV電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的。油式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器只(zhi)能看到(dao)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的外殼,大(da)部(bu)分使用瓷套管(guan)(guan),可用于高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)路,可以(yi)從小到(dao)大(da)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)全部(bu)容(rong)量,電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等級(ji)也(ye)做(zuo)(zuo)到(dao)了(le)所有電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變(bian)壓器(qi)的電壓等(deng)級是固定的,常見的有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等(deng)等(deng)。變(bian)壓器(qi)的容量等(deng)級按照R10優(you)先系數來(lai)計算的,可分為小型變(bian)壓器(qi)、中(zhong)型變(bian)壓器(qi)、大(da)型變(bian)壓器(qi)、特大(da)型變(bian)壓器(qi)這四個等(deng)級。