【互感器(qi)的功能】互感器(qi)的作用是什么 互感器(qi)原(yuan)理及用途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起(qi)到變(bian)流變(bian)壓和電氣隔離的作用。

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顯(xian)示儀表大部分是(shi)指針(zhen)式(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)壓表，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)流互感器的(de)二次電(dian)(dian)流大多數是(shi)安培級的(de)（如5等）。隨(sui)著(zhu)時代(dai)發展，電量測量大多已經達到數字(zi)化，而計算(suan)機(ji)的采樣的信(xin)號一(yi)般為毫安(an)級（0-5V、4-20mA等(deng)）。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器二(er)次(ci)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)毫安級，主要起大互感(gan)器與采樣之間的橋梁(liang)作用(yong)。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器稱之為(wei)“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器”。（“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器”有(you)一層含義是在實驗室使用(yong)的多電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器，一般用(yong)于擴大儀(yi)表量(liang)程(cheng)。）

電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器原(yuan)理(li)線路圖微型電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器與變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器類似也是根據電(dian)磁感(gan)應原(yuan)理(li)工作，變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器變(bian)換(huan)的是電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)而微型電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器變(bian)換(huan)的是電(dian)流(liu)(liu)罷了。繞組(zu)N1接(jie)被測(ce)電流，稱為一次(ci)繞(rao)組(zu)（或(huo)原邊繞(rao)組(zu)、初(chu)級繞(rao)組(zu)）；繞(rao)組(zu)N2接測量儀表，稱為二次繞組（或(huo)副邊繞組、次級繞組）。

微(wei)型電流互感器一次繞組電流I1與二次繞組I2的電(dian)流(liu)比(bi)，叫實際(ji)電(dian)流(liu)比(bi)K。微(wei)型電流(liu)互感(gan)器在額定工作電流(liu)下工作時(shi)的電流(liu)比(bi)叫(jiao)電流(liu)互感(gan)器額定電流(liu)比(bi)，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統為了傳輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，往往采用交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送往用戶，無法用儀表(biao)(biao)進行(xing)直(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)。互感器(qi)的(de)(de)作(zuo)用，就是(shi)將(jiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按比例降到(dao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)用儀表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)數值(zhi)，便于儀表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)接(jie)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)，同(tong)時為繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統用互感器(qi)是(shi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)信息(xi)傳遞到(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)二次(ci)側的(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)(biao)及(ji)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)種特(te)殊變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，是(shi)一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)統和(he)(he)二次(ci)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)聯絡元件(jian)，其一(yi)次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，二次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組分別與測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)(biao)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)等互相連接(jie)。互感器(qi)與測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)儀表(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)計(ji)量(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；與繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)構成(cheng)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各(ge)種故(gu)障的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)控制。互感器(qi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)好壞，直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)的(de)(de)準確(que)性和(he)(he)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給儀表和繼電保護裝置實現測量(liang)、計量(liang)、保護等(deng)作用。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器是一(yi)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)裝置(zhi)，有電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路(lu)或低壓回路(lu)的大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)轉變為(wei)低壓小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)（一(yi)般為(wei)5A），供給(gei)儀表和繼電保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置實(shi)現測量、計量、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)等作用(yong)。

實際測(ce)量時，為了(le)更好的與儀表量程匹配，也(ye)有將5A以下小電(dian)流變換為大(da)電(dian)流（5A）的互(hu)感器。