【互感器(qi)的功(gong)能(neng)】互感器(qi)的作用是什么(me) 互感器(qi)原理及用途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到(dao)變(bian)流變(bian)壓和電(dian)氣隔離的作用。

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顯示儀表大部分是(shi)指針式(shi)的(de)電流電壓表，所以電流互感器的(de)二次電流大多(duo)數是(shi)安培級的(de)（如5等）。隨著時代發展，電(dian)量(liang)測(ce)量(liang)大多已(yi)經(jing)達(da)到數(shu)字化，而計算機的采樣(yang)的信號一(yi)般為(wei)毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流為毫安級，主(zhu)要起大互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)與(yu)采樣之(zhi)間的(de)橋(qiao)梁作用(yong)。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)稱之(zhi)為“儀用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)”。（“儀用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)”有一層含義是在實驗室使(shi)用(yong)的(de)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)，一般用(yong)于(yu)擴(kuo)大儀表(biao)量(liang)程。）

電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)原理(li)線(xian)路圖微型(xing)電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)與變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)類似也是(shi)(shi)根據電(dian)磁感應(ying)原理(li)工作，變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)變(bian)(bian)換的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)壓而微型(xing)電(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)(qi)變(bian)(bian)換的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)流(liu)罷了。繞組N1接被測電(dian)流，稱為一(yi)次繞(rao)組(zu)（或原邊(bian)繞(rao)組(zu)、初級繞(rao)組(zu)）；繞(rao)組(zu)N2接測量儀(yi)表，稱(cheng)為二次(ci)繞(rao)組（或副(fu)邊繞(rao)組、次(ci)級繞(rao)組）。

微型電流互(hu)感器(qi)一次繞組電流I1與(yu)二次繞組I2的電(dian)流(liu)比，叫實際電(dian)流(liu)比K。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)流互感器在額定工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流下工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)的電(dian)(dian)流比叫電(dian)(dian)流互感器額定電(dian)(dian)流比，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)為(wei)了(le)傳(chuan)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，往往采(cai)用(yong)(yong)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回(hui)路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力送(song)往用(yong)(yong)戶，無法用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表進行直接(jie)測量(liang)。互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)按(an)比(bi)例降到(dao)可(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表直接(jie)測量(liang)的(de)(de)數值，便于(yu)儀(yi)表直接(jie)測量(liang)，同時為(wei)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)提(ti)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)用(yong)(yong)互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)信息傳(chuan)遞到(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)二次(ci)側的(de)(de)計量(liang)、測量(liang)儀(yi)表及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護、自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)特殊變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，是(shi)一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)統(tong)和二次(ci)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)聯絡元件，其(qi)一(yi)次(ci)繞組接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，二次(ci)繞組分別與測量(liang)儀(yi)表、保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)等互(hu)(hu)相連接(jie)。互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)與測量(liang)儀(yi)表和計量(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可(ke)以(yi)測量(liang)一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；與繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可(ke)以(yi)構成對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各種(zhong)故障的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)保(bao)(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)控制(zhi)。互(hu)(hu)感器(qi)性能(neng)的(de)(de)好壞，直接(jie)影(ying)響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統(tong)測量(liang)、計量(liang)的(de)(de)準確(que)性和繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)(bao)護裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)作的(de)(de)可(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給儀表和繼電保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置實現測量(liang)、計量(liang)、保護(hu)等作用。

電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)是一種電流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)裝置，有電流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)和隔(ge)離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或(huo)低(di)壓回路的大電流(liu)(liu)轉變為低(di)壓小(xiao)電流(liu)(liu)（一般為5A），供給儀表和繼(ji)電保(bao)護裝置實(shi)現測量、計量、保(bao)護等作用。

實際測量時，為了(le)更(geng)好的與儀(yi)表量程匹配，也有將5A以下小電流變換為大電流（5A）的互感(gan)器(qi)。