【互感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)功能】互感器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)是什么 互感器(qi)(qi)原理及用(yong)途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變(bian)流(liu)變(bian)壓和(he)電氣(qi)隔(ge)離的作用。

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顯(xian)示(shi)儀表大部分是指針式的(de)電流(liu)電壓表，所以電流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)的(de)二次電流(liu)大多數(shu)是安(an)培(pei)級的(de)（如5等）。隨著時代發展，電量(liang)測量(liang)大多(duo)已經達到數字(zi)化，而計算機(ji)的(de)(de)采樣的(de)(de)信(xin)號一般為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微型電(dian)流互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)二(er)次(ci)電(dian)流為(wei)毫安級(ji)，主要起大(da)互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)與采樣之間的(de)橋梁作用(yong)。微型電(dian)流互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)稱之為(wei)“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)流互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)”。（“儀(yi)用(yong)電(dian)流互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)”有一層含(han)義(yi)是在實驗(yan)室使用(yong)的(de)多電(dian)流比精密電(dian)流互感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)，一般用(yong)于擴大(da)儀(yi)表量程。）

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)原理線路圖微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)與變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)類似也(ye)是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應原理工作，變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換的是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)換的是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)罷了。繞組N1接被測電流，稱為一次(ci)繞(rao)組（或原邊繞(rao)組、初級(ji)繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接測量儀表，稱為二次繞(rao)組（或(huo)副邊繞(rao)組、次級繞(rao)組）。

微型電流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)一次(ci)繞組電流(liu)(liu)I1與二次繞(rao)組I2的電流比(bi)，叫(jiao)實(shi)際電流比(bi)K。微型(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器在額定工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)的電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)叫電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)為了傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，往(wang)往(wang)采用交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力送往(wang)用戶，無法(fa)用儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)進(jin)行直接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作用，就(jiu)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按比例降到(dao)可以(yi)(yi)用儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)直接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)數值(zhi)，便于儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)直接測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，同時為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)用互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)信息傳遞到(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)二次側(ce)的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)、測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護、自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一種特殊變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)，是(shi)一次系統(tong)和二次系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)絡元件，其一次繞組(zu)接入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，二次繞組(zu)分別與測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)、保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)等互(hu)相連接。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)與測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)和計(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可以(yi)(yi)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)一次系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)；與繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)配合，可以(yi)(yi)構(gou)成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網各種故障的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)保(bao)護和自(zi)動(dong)控(kong)制。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)好(hao)壞，直接影響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)、計(ji)(ji)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)準確性和繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)作的(de)(de)(de)可靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供(gong)給儀表(biao)和繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)護裝置實現(xian)測量(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)、保(bao)護等作用(yong)。

電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)是(shi)一種電(dian)(dian)流變換(huan)(huan)裝置，有電(dian)(dian)流變換(huan)(huan)和隔離(li)兩重作(zuo)用，它(ta)將高壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)或低(di)壓(ya)(ya)回路(lu)的大電(dian)(dian)流轉變為低(di)壓(ya)(ya)小電(dian)(dian)流（一般為5A），供給(gei)儀(yi)表(biao)和繼電保護裝(zhuang)置實(shi)現測(ce)量(liang)、計量(liang)、保護等作(zuo)用。

實際測量(liang)時，為了更好(hao)的與(yu)儀表(biao)量(liang)程匹(pi)配，也有將5A以(yi)下小(xiao)電流變換為(wei)大電流（5A）的互感器(qi)。