【互感器的功能】互感器的作(zuo)用是什(shen)么 互感器原理及用途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變流(liu)變壓(ya)和(he)電氣(qi)隔離(li)的作用。

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顯(xian)示(shi)儀表(biao)大部分是指(zhi)針式的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓表(biao)，所(suo)以電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器的二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大多數是安培級的（如5等）。隨著時代(dai)發展，電量測量大(da)多已經達到數字化(hua)，而計算機(ji)的采(cai)樣的信(xin)號(hao)一般為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微型(xing)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)二次(ci)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)為毫安級，主要起大(da)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)與(yu)采樣(yang)之(zhi)間(jian)的橋梁作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。微型(xing)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)稱之(zhi)為“儀用(yong)(yong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)”。（“儀用(yong)(yong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)”有一層含義是在實驗室(shi)使用(yong)(yong)的多電(dian)流(liu)(liu)比精密電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)，一般用(yong)(yong)于(yu)擴大(da)儀表(biao)量(liang)程。）

電流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)原(yuan)理(li)(li)線(xian)路圖微型電流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)與變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)類似也(ye)是(shi)根據電磁感(gan)(gan)應原(yuan)理(li)(li)工作，變壓器(qi)(qi)(qi)變換的是(shi)電壓而微型電流互(hu)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)變換的是(shi)電流罷了。繞組N1接被測電流，稱為(wei)一次繞(rao)組(zu)（或原邊繞(rao)組(zu)、初級繞(rao)組(zu)）；繞(rao)組(zu)N2接測量(liang)儀表，稱為二次繞組（或(huo)副(fu)邊繞組、次級(ji)繞組）。

微型電流(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器一次繞組電流(liu)(liu)I1與(yu)二次繞組I2的電流比，叫實際電流比K。微(wei)型電流(liu)互(hu)感器在額(e)定(ding)工作電流(liu)下工作時的電流(liu)比叫電流(liu)互(hu)感器額(e)定(ding)電流(liu)比，用(yong)Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統為(wei)了(le)傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，往往采用(yong)(yong)交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回路(lu)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)送往用(yong)(yong)戶，無法用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)進行直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是(shi)將交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)按比(bi)例降(jiang)到可以用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)的(de)(de)數值，便于儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)測(ce)量(liang)，同時為(wei)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)(he)自動(dong)裝置提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統用(yong)(yong)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)信息傳遞(di)到低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)二次(ci)側的(de)(de)計量(liang)、測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)及(ji)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)、自動(dong)裝置的(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)特殊(shu)變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)，是(shi)一(yi)次(ci)系統和(he)(he)(he)二次(ci)系統的(de)(de)聯絡元件，其一(yi)次(ci)繞組接(jie)(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，二次(ci)繞組分別與測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)、保(bao)護(hu)裝置等互(hu)相連接(jie)(jie)(jie)。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)與測(ce)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)和(he)(he)(he)計量(liang)裝置配合(he)，可以測(ce)量(liang)一(yi)次(ci)系統的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)；與繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)(he)自動(dong)裝置配合(he)，可以構成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)各種(zhong)故障的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)(he)自動(dong)控制(zhi)。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)性能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)好壞，直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)影響(xiang)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系統測(ce)量(liang)、計量(liang)的(de)(de)準確性和(he)(he)(he)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)裝置動(dong)作的(de)(de)可靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給儀表和繼電保護裝置實(shi)現(xian)測量(liang)、計量(liang)、保護等作用。

電(dian)流互感(gan)器是(shi)一(yi)種電(dian)流變換(huan)裝置(zhi)，有電(dian)流變換(huan)和(he)隔(ge)離(li)兩重(zhong)作用(yong)，它將高壓回(hui)路或低壓回(hui)路的大電(dian)流轉變為(wei)低壓小電(dian)流（一(yi)般為(wei)5A），供(gong)給儀表和(he)繼電保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)實現測量、計量、保(bao)護(hu)等作用。

實際測量(liang)(liang)時，為了更好的與(yu)儀表量(liang)(liang)程匹(pi)配(pei)，也(ye)有將5A以下小電(dian)(dian)流變換為大電(dian)(dian)流（5A）的互感器。