【互感器(qi)(qi)的功(gong)能】互感器(qi)(qi)的作用是什(shen)么(me) 互感器(qi)(qi)原理及用途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到(dao)變(bian)(bian)流變(bian)(bian)壓和(he)電氣隔離(li)的作用。

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顯示儀表(biao)大部分是(shi)指針式的電流(liu)電壓表(biao)，所(suo)以電流(liu)互(hu)感器(qi)的二次(ci)電流(liu)大多數是(shi)安培級(ji)的（如5等(deng)）。隨著時(shi)代發展，電量(liang)測量(liang)大多已經達到數字化，而計算(suan)機的采樣的信號(hao)一般(ban)為毫(hao)安(an)級（0-5V、4-20mA等）。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為(wei)毫安級(ji)，主要(yao)起(qi)大(da)互感(gan)器與(yu)采(cai)樣之間的(de)橋(qiao)梁作(zuo)用(yong)。微(wei)型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器稱之為(wei)“儀用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器”。（“儀用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器”有(you)一(yi)層含義是在實驗室使用(yong)的(de)多電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比精密電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器，一(yi)般用(yong)于擴大(da)儀表量程。）

電(dian)(dian)流互感(gan)器(qi)原(yuan)理線路圖微型電(dian)(dian)流互感(gan)器(qi)與變(bian)壓器(qi)類似也是根據電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原(yuan)理工作，變(bian)壓器(qi)變(bian)換的是電(dian)(dian)壓而(er)微型電(dian)(dian)流互感(gan)器(qi)變(bian)換的是電(dian)(dian)流罷(ba)了。繞組(zu)N1接(jie)被測電流(liu)，稱為一次繞(rao)組（或原邊繞(rao)組、初級繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接(jie)測量儀表，稱為二次(ci)繞組(zu)（或(huo)副(fu)邊(bian)繞組(zu)、次(ci)級繞組(zu)）。

微(wei)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)一次繞組電(dian)(dian)流(liu)I1與二次繞組I2的電流比，叫實(shi)際電流比K。微型(xing)電流(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器在額定工(gong)作電流(liu)下工(gong)作時(shi)的(de)電流(liu)比叫電流(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器額定電流(liu)比，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為了傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，往(wang)往(wang)采用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)送往(wang)用(yong)(yong)戶，無法用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表(biao)進(jin)行直(zhi)接測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，就是(shi)將交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)按比例降到可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)儀(yi)表(biao)直(zhi)接測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)數值，便于儀(yi)表(biao)直(zhi)接測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同(tong)時為繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)信息傳遞到低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)二次側的(de)(de)(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)及繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)、自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種特殊變壓(ya)器(qi)，是(shi)一(yi)次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)(he)二次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)聯絡(luo)元件，其一(yi)次繞組(zu)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，二次繞組(zu)分別與(yu)(yu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)、保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)等互(hu)相連(lian)接。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)與(yu)(yu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)和(he)(he)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合，可(ke)以測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)一(yi)次系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能；與(yu)(yu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合，可(ke)以構成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網各(ge)種故障的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)控(kong)制。互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)性能的(de)(de)(de)好壞，直(zhi)接影響到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性和(he)(he)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給(gei)儀表(biao)和繼電保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)實現測量、計量、保(bao)護(hu)等作用。

電流互(hu)感器(qi)是一種電流變換(huan)裝置，有電流變換(huan)和(he)隔(ge)離兩重作(zuo)用，它將高壓(ya)回路或(huo)低壓(ya)回路的大(da)電流轉變為(wei)低壓(ya)小電流（一般為(wei)5A），供(gong)給儀(yi)表和(he)繼電保護裝置實(shi)現(xian)測(ce)量、計(ji)量、保護等作用。

實際測量(liang)時(shi)，為了更好的(de)與儀表量(liang)程匹配，也有將5A以下小電流變換為大電流（5A）的(de)互感(gan)器(qi)。