【互感器的(de)功能】互感器的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是什么(me) 互感器原(yuan)理及用(yong)途

互感器原理及用途

在供電用電的線路中，電流相差從幾安到幾萬安，電壓相差從幾伏到幾百萬伏。線路中電流電壓都比較高，如直接測量是非常危險的。為便于二次儀表測量需要轉換為比較統一的電流電壓，使用互感器起到變流變壓和電氣隔離的作用。

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顯示(shi)儀表(biao)大(da)部分是指(zhi)針式的電流電壓(ya)表(biao)，所以電流互(hu)感器(qi)的二次電流大(da)多數是安(an)培級的（如5等）。隨著時代發展，電量測量大多已(yi)經達到(dao)數字化(hua)，而計算機的(de)采(cai)樣的(de)信號一般為毫安級（0-5V、4-20mA等(deng)）。微(wei)(wei)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為毫安(an)級(ji)，主要起大互(hu)感器與采樣之間的橋梁作(zuo)用。微(wei)(wei)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器稱之為“儀(yi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器”。（“儀(yi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器”有一(yi)層含義(yi)是在實驗室使用的多電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比精密(mi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互(hu)感器，一(yi)般用于擴大儀(yi)表量程。）

電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)原(yuan)理線路圖(tu)微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)與變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)類似也是(shi)根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原(yuan)理工作，變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)的是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓而(er)微型電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)變(bian)(bian)換(huan)的是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)罷了。繞組N1接被測電流，稱為一(yi)次繞(rao)組（或(huo)原邊(bian)繞(rao)組、初級(ji)繞(rao)組）；繞(rao)組N2接測量儀表，稱為二次(ci)繞(rao)(rao)組（或副邊繞(rao)(rao)組、次(ci)級繞(rao)(rao)組）。

微(wei)型電流互感器一(yi)次繞組電流I1與二(er)次繞組(zu)I2的電流比，叫(jiao)實際電流比K。微(wei)型(xing)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)在額(e)定(ding)工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)下工作(zuo)時(shi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比叫電(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)器(qi)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比，用Kn表示。Kn=I1n/I2n。

互感器的作用是什么

電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)為了傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，往往采(cai)用(yong)(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回路把電(dian)(dian)(dian)力送往用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，無(wu)法用(yong)(yong)儀表進行直接(jie)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的(de)作用(yong)(yong)，就(jiu)是將交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)按比例降(jiang)到(dao)可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)(yong)儀表直接(jie)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)數值，便于儀表直接(jie)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)，同時為繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)自動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)提供電(dian)(dian)(dian)源。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)用(yong)(yong)互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)網高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)信息傳遞(di)到(dao)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、小電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)側(ce)的(de)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)、測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀表及繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)、自動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)一(yi)種(zhong)特(te)殊(shu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，是一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)和(he)(he)二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)聯絡元件，其一(yi)次(ci)繞組(zu)接(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網，二(er)(er)(er)次(ci)繞組(zu)分別與(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀表、保護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)等互(hu)相連接(jie)。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)與(yu)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)儀表和(he)(he)計(ji)量(liang)(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)(ke)以測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)一(yi)次(ci)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)；與(yu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)自動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)配合(he)，可(ke)(ke)以構(gou)成對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網各種(zhong)故障的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)自動(dong)(dong)控制。互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)性能(neng)的(de)好(hao)壞，直接(jie)影(ying)響到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)、計(ji)量(liang)(liang)的(de)準(zhun)確性和(he)(he)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)動(dong)(dong)作的(de)可(ke)(ke)靠性。

互感器包括電壓互感器和電流互感器

電壓互感器是一種電壓變換裝置，有電壓變換和隔離兩重作用，它將高壓回路或低壓回路的高電壓轉變為低電壓（一般為100V），供給儀表和繼電保護裝置實(shi)現測量、計量、保護等作用。

電(dian)流(liu)(liu)互感器(qi)是一種電(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)(huan)裝置，有電(dian)流(liu)(liu)變換(huan)(huan)和隔離兩重作用，它(ta)將高壓(ya)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)或低(di)壓(ya)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)的大電(dian)流(liu)(liu)轉變為低(di)壓(ya)小(xiao)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（一般為5A），供給儀表和繼電(dian)保(bao)護裝置實(shi)現測量、計量、保(bao)護等作用。

實際測量時，為了更好(hao)的與儀表量程匹(pi)配，也有(you)將(jiang)5A以(yi)下(xia)小(xiao)電流(liu)變換為大電流(liu)（5A）的互感器。