【交(jiao)流繼電器(qi)】交(jiao)流繼電器(qi)原(yuan)理(li) 交(jiao)流繼電器(qi)能在直流下用(yong)嗎 交(jiao)流繼電器(qi)特點

交流電磁繼電器的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理和直流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器基本(ben)相同(tong)，交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)繼電(dian)器工作(zuo)在交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)路中，當(dang)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)過線圈(quan)時(shi)，在鐵(tie)芯中產生交(jiao)變(bian)磁(ci)通(tong)，由于牽(qian)(qian)引力(li)（電(dian)磁(ci)吸力(li)）是和磁(ci)通(tong)φ的(de)平方(fang)成(cheng)正比，所以當(dang)電(dian)流(liu)改變(bian)方(fang)向時(shi)，牽(qian)(qian)引力(li)并不(bu)改變(bian)方(fang)向，永遠朝一個方(fang)向將銜鐵(tie)吸向鐵(tie)芯。

但是由于交變的電流在鐵芯中(zhong)產生(sheng)交變的磁(ci)通，所以交流電磁(ci)繼電器在特性和結構上有它(ta)特殊的地方。

一、交流繼電器的原理是什么？

它(ta)由(you)(you)磁路部(bu)分、接觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)分組成，其中磁路部(bu)分由(you)(you)鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)、銜鐵(tie)(tie)、軛(e)(e)鐵(tie)(tie)、短路環、線圈(quan)和拉簧等組成，特征是線圈(quan)與軛(e)(e)鐵(tie)(tie)之(zhi)間安裝有(you)(you)套在鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)上(shang)的(de)側板(ban)，且側板(ban)與鐵(tie)(tie)芯(xin)、軛(e)(e)鐵(tie)(tie)接觸(chu)(chu)良好。本實用新型由(you)(you)于在原有(you)(you)繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)增加一(yi)只純(chun)銅制成的(de)側板(ban)，側板(ban)就可(ke)以對電(dian)磁系統中的(de)漏(lou)磁進行短路，減(jian)少了渦流損耗，大幅(fu)降低了繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)線圈(quan)過負載時的(de)交流尾聲，減(jian)少了繼電(dian)器(qi)(qi)對其它(ta)電(dian)子設備的(de)干擾，提高了觸(chu)(chu)點的(de)接觸(chu)(chu)可(ke)靠性。

該圖片由注冊用戶"橘子de殿堂"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、交流繼電器的結構

交流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)線(xian)圈較(jiao)短(duan)，而(er)且線(xian)徑較(jiao)粗(cu)，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)因為線(xian)圈通以交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)抗較(jiao)大，線(xian)徑粗(cu)可(ke)以減小(xiao)內阻，減少(shao)發(fa)熱量，另(ling)外由(you)于(yu)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)過零(ling)時會造成(cheng)(cheng)線(xian)圈電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力減少(shao)，吸合不牢(lao)，產生振動(dong)現象，所以在磁鐵吸合面的(de)部分加短(duan)路環，在磁場發(fa)生變(bian)化時，在短(duan)路環時形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)渦流，進(jin)而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)與磁場變(bian)化方向相反(fan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力，滯后磁場變(bian)化，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁鐵可(ke)以較(jiao)好吸合。

三、交流繼電器的特點

1、由于交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)通(tong)入的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流是(shi)變化(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)，使其磁路中(zhong)的(de)(de)磁通(tong)也隨(sui)著交(jiao)(jiao)替變化(hua)（正弦(xian)規律而(er)不是(shi)直線規律）。銜(xian)鐵所受的(de)(de)吸力(li)是(shi)在(zai)0與(yu)最大(da)值之間變化(hua)的(de)(de)，因(yin)此(ci)交(jiao)(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)磁繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)吸力(li)是(shi)脈動的(de)(de)，變化(hua)頻率是(shi)交(jiao)(jiao)流頻率的(de)(de)兩倍(bei)，這種脈動的(de)(de)吸力(li)將(jiang)使銜(xian)鐵發生顫動，因(yin)此(ci)在(zai)結(jie)構(gou)上要采(cai)取措(cuo)施來消除顫動，影響繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)壽命。

2、由于交流(liu)電(dian)源通(tong)(tong)過鐵(tie)芯時，產生交變的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)，使(shi)鐵(tie)芯中(zhong)產生渦(wo)流(liu)，而(er)渦(wo)流(liu)產生的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)場與原磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)方向相反(fan)，使(shi)一部分磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)變成(cheng)漏(lou)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)而(er)損失(shi)(shi)掉，造成(cheng)磁(ci)(ci)損失(shi)(shi)，為了減小這(zhe)些損失(shi)(shi)，交流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)器的(de)(de)鐵(tie)芯一般采(cai)用(yong)硅鋼片疊成(cheng)為減少磁(ci)(ci)損和渦(wo)流(liu)損失(shi)(shi)，交流(liu)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)器的(de)(de)鐵(tie)芯采(cai)用(yong)硅鋼片疊成(cheng)。

3、另外，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)只(zhi)有在(zai)(zai)接(jie)通電(dian)源或(huo)切斷電(dian)源瞬(shun)間有反電(dian)勢(shi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)，穩定(ding)(ding)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)，通過線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)只(zhi)由(you)電(dian)阻決定(ding)(ding)，而交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)，即使是(shi)在(zai)(zai)穩定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)情況下(xia)，也存(cun)在(zai)(zai)著反電(dian)勢(shi)，因此(ci)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)主要不是(shi)由(you)電(dian)阻決定(ding)(ding)，而是(shi)由(you)線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)感抗來(lai)決定(ding)(ding)，這就說明在(zai)(zai)計(ji)算交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)電(dian)路時，必(bi)須考慮線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)感交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)磁繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)器(qi)線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)由(you)線圈(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)電(dian)抗（感抗）決定(ding)(ding)。

四、交流繼電器能在直流下用嗎？

交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)固(gu)態繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)在直流(liu)電上(shang)是(shi)不(bu)能應用(yong)的(de)。真是(shi)沒必要去嘗試，因為交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)參(can)數均比直流(liu)繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)參(can)數大，不(bu)是(shi)一個領域上(shang)的(de)應運，直流(liu)電無(wu)法引起交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)繼電器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)各操作(zuo)性能。

五、直流繼電器和交流繼電器的區別是什么？

直(zhi)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和交(jiao)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)工作原理(li)一樣都是(shi)根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)原理(li)沒有區別，但直(zhi)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)必須是(shi)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，交(jiao)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)必須是(shi)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。直(zhi)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很(hen)大，線(xian)圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大小等于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓除以(yi)線(xian)圈(quan)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，所以(yi)線(xian)圈(quan)導線(xian)細而且匝數很(hen)多(duo)。

交流繼電器線圈(quan)匝數相(xiang)應較少，因為(wei)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路里(li)限(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)除了線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻以(yi)外限(xian)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)大(da)小主要(yao)是線圈(quan)感(gan)抗(kang)，感(gan)抗(kang)xl的(de)大(da)小與交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)頻(pin)率成正(zheng)比，如果(guo)將交流(liu)(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)在直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路里(li)由于(yu)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)頻(pin)率等于(yu)零所(suo)以(yi)感(gan)抗(kang)XL=0，而線圈(quan)的(de)內阻又(you)很(hen)小所(suo)以(yi)線圈(quan)會發熱而燒毀。相(xiang)反直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器接(jie)到交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)時會因線圈(quan)的(de)內阻很(hen)大(da)和出現(xian)很(hen)大(da)感(gan)抗(kang)會造成線圈(quan)吸合(he)不上，所(suo)以(yi)不能(neng)互換。